De Jongh Research Articles

Beyond wrinkles: ageing, graphic medicine, and Zidrou and Aimée de Jongh’s Blossoms in Autumn

Ageing, an inevitable biological process, is often oversimplified, subjecting elderly individuals to both positive and negative sociocultural stereotypes. Elderly individuals are stigmatised as passive, suffering and asexual, while simultaneously being...

Pore Size Effects in Templated Porous Ag Electrodes for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Electrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising approach to overcome the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources and to close the carbon cycle. For the industrial application of this conversion, good catalysts converting CO2 at high current densities (> 10 mA/cm2) are required [1]. The use of porous metal electrodes is promising to achieve these high current densities, because of their high surface area. This high surface area leads to more active sides per geometric surface area. Apart from that, the bulk nature of porous electrodes limits the serial electrode resistance [2]. Unfortunately, porous structures also have disadvantages, such as potential diffusion limitations of reactants and products. Also, the often complex pore structures make it hard to disentangle the effect of different parameters. Hence, porous model catalysts are very useful for a fundamental understanding of the processes taking place in porous structures.These porous model catalysts can be made by use of ordered templates, such as self-assembled polystyrene (PS) or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spheres. In the case of CO2 reduction, it was shown that porous Ag electrodes made by Ag deposition in the voids of a PS template on gold coated glass-slides could be used as catalysts. For these templated Ag electrodes, it was shown that the mesostructure influenced the selectivity of the Ag catalysts [3]. To our knowledge, no one has tried to make these templates on commonly used substrates (such as carbon paper for gas diffusion electrodes). Next to that, the presence and effect of diffusion limitations in these well-defined systems have not been discussed in literature. Therefore, in this work, we discuss that template-based porous Ag can be prepared with PMMA sphere templates on different substrates and we discuss the effect of pore size.First, PMMA template spheres were prepared as previously described in literature [4]. During the MMA polymerization reaction, the reaction conditions such as the monomer concentration, temperature and stirring rate were varied to obtain different particle diameters. Based on SEM images (e.g. Figure 1a) the average particle diameters of the different PMMA spheres were found to be 115, 123, 203, 308 and 372 nm. Thereafter, the PMMA sphere dispersions were dried on different substrates (carbon paper, Ag foil). By electrodeposition of fixed amount of Ag and removal of the template, inverse porous structures were obtained (e.g. Figure 1b). These inverse porous structures were successfully made on different substrates (carbon paper, Ag foil) as long as the substrate was conductive.To investigate diffusion limitations in catalysis, electrochemical measurements were performed in a H-type cell and the gas products formed were analyzed with a GC. The obtained partial current densities for the porous Ag samples with different pore diameters were compared. Figure 1c shows that at more negative potentials, the pore diameter becomes more important for the partial current density towards CO. At a potential of -1.4V vs RHE, an optimum in CO current density was found around 200 nm pore diameter. At this pore size, the current density is more than 1.5 times higher. This is an indication that, especially at more cathodic potentials, diffusion in and out the pores becomes an important factor to take into account.References W. Zhu, B. M. Tackett, J. G. Chen, and F. Jiao, Top. Curr. Chem., 376, 6 (2018)H. J. Qiu, H. T. Xu, L. Liu, and Y. Wang, Nanoscale, 7, 2 (2015)Y. Yoon, A. S. Hall, and Y. Surendranath, Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed., 55, 49 (2016)J. E. van den Reijen, P. H. Keijzer, and P. E. de Jongh, Materialia, 4, Nov., (2018) Figure 1

Art Is Magic

Art Is Magic

‘If the desert could speak’: The karretjiemense of the Karoo in My Children Have Faces

Both film-maker Timothy Gabb and anthropologist Michael de Jongh have noticed the disappearance of the karretjiemense, a marginalised people who travel the Karoo desert using donkey carts or karretjies. Having run a petrol station in Prince Albert in the Eastern Cape, author Carol Campbell’s debut novel My Children Have Faces features a family of karretjiemense who wander the Karoo desert and in real ways ‘belong to’ it. This belonging is reflected in the novel through the ‘interchanges and interconnections between [their] human corporeality and the more-than-human’, which ecocritic Stacey Alaimo calls ‘transcorporeality’. It is an engagement that enables the resilience of the tight-knit family to the vulnerabilities of living in the desert in order to escape the pursuit of the murderous Miskiet. Campbell reflects this transcorporeality, fictionally, through naming, through animal imagery and through the motifs of smell and of movement. She also registers how transcorporeality dwindles and family unity breaks down once they leave the desert. Having sold their donkeys and killed Miskiet, they apply for the formal identities they have lacked and head towards a settled life in the village very different to the nomadic life that has defined them up to now.Contribution: This article adds to the emerging field of ecocriticism in South Africa by using the concept of ‘transcorporeality’ to explore the connections between the karretjiemense and the desert Karoo environment in Carol Campbell’s My Children Have Faces (2013).

Modern perspectives in Proof Theory.

Modern perspectives in Proof Theory.

The importance of contingently public goods

The importance of contingently public goods

Investigations into intuitionistic and other negations

AbstractIntuitionistic logic formalises the foundational ideas of L.E.J. Brouwer’s mathematical programme of intuitionism. It is one of the earliest non-classical logics, and the difference between classical and intuitionistic logic may be interpreted to lie in the law of the excluded middle, which asserts that either a proposition is true or its negation is true. This principle is deemed unacceptable from the constructive point of view, in whose understanding the law means that there is an effective procedure to determine the truth of all propositions. This understanding of the distinction between the two logics supports the view that negation plays a vital role in the formulation of intuitionistic logic.Nonetheless, the formalisation of negation in intuitionistic logic has not been universally accepted, and many alternative accounts of negation have been proposed. Some seek to weaken or strengthen the negation, and others actively supporting negative inferences that are impossible with it.This thesis follows this tradition and investigates various aspects of negation in intuitionistic logic. Firstly, we look at a problem proposed by H. Ishihara, which asks how effectively one can conserve the deducibility of classical theorems into intuitionistic logic, by assuming atomic classes of non-constructive principles. The classes given in this section improve a previous class given by K. Ishii in two respects: (a) instead of a single class for the law of the excluded middle, two classes are given in terms of weaker principles, allowing a finer analysis and (b) the conservation now extends to a subsystem of intuitionistic logic called Glivenko’s logic. This section also discusses the extension of Ishihara’s problem to minimal logic.Secondly, we study the relationship between two frameworks for weak constructive negation, the approach of D. Vakarelov on one hand and the framework of subminimal negation by A. Colacito, D. de Jongh, and A. L. Vargas on the other hand. We capture a version of Vakarelov’s logic with the semantics of the latter framework, and clarify the relationship between the two semantics. This also provides proof-theoretic insights, which results in the formulation of a cut-free sequent calculus for the aforementioned system.Thirdly, we investigate the ways to unify the formalisations of some logics with contra-intuitionistic inferences. The enquiry concerns paraconsistent logics by R. Sylvan and A. B. Gordienko, as well as the logic of co-negation by G. Priest and of empirical negation by M. De and H. Omori. We take Sylvan’s system as basic, and formulate the frame conditions of the defining axioms of the other systems. The conditions are then used to obtain cut-free labelled sequent calculi for the systems.Finally, we consider L. Humberstone’s actuality operator for intuitionistic logic, which can be seen as the dualisation of a contra-intuitionistic negation. A compete axiomatisation of intuitionistic logic with actuality operator is given, and comparisons are made for some related operators.Abstract prepared by Satoru Niki.E-mail:Satoru.Niki@rub.de

On the proof complexity of logics of bounded branching

We investigate the proof complexity of extended Frege (EF) systems for basic transitive modal logics (K4, S4, GL, …) augmented with the bounded branching axioms BBk. First, we study feasibility of the disjunction property and more general extension rules in EF systems for these logics: we show that the corresponding decision problems reduce to total coNP search problems (or equivalently, disjoint NP pairs, in the binary case); more precisely, the decision problem for extension rules is equivalent to a certain special case of interpolation for the classical EF system. Next, we use this characterization to prove superpolynomial (or even exponential, with stronger hypotheses) separations between EF and substitution Frege (SF) systems for all transitive logics contained in S4.2GrzBB2 or GL.2BB2 under some assumptions weaker than PSPACE≠NP. We also prove analogous results for superintuitionistic logics: we characterize the decision complexity of multi-conclusion Visser's rules in EF systems for Gabbay–de Jongh logics Tk, and we show conditional separations between EF and SF for all intermediate logics contained in T2+KC.

Redrawing women’s later-in-life desires: Representations of ageing femininities, intimacies and the promise of happiness in graphic novels

This article explores representations of ageing femininities and later-in-life intimacies based on a critical, contextualised reading of two graphic novels. Narratives of later life are deeply entangled with notions of happiness. While ageing has usually been associated with decay, loss and an irreversible path to unhappiness, in recent years, there has been a shift towards a more rosy picture of an active, social, happy and fulfilling later-in-life. These happiness scripts contain a set of gendered instructions on how to achieve the good life in old age. For ageing women, they include expectations about beauty and the body, sexual desires and the temporal organisation of the life course. This article draws on Sara Ahmed’s critique on the disciplinary dynamics of the promise of happiness and the work that emotions do to value certain bodies, expressions of sexuality and life choices as good for older women and others as bad. The study found that the two graphic novels analysed ‘Bloesems in de herfst’ (Blossoms in Autumn, 2018) by Zidrou and Aimée De Jongh and ‘Bingo Love’ (2018) by Tee Franklin and Jen St-Onge, both confirm and challenge normative ideas about gender, ageing and sexuality. However, while both graphic novels redraw some lines of the prevailing scripts of happiness for ageing women, they do not erase them entirely from the frame. In the end, I will take the discussion one step further by reflecting on how representations of older women can destabilise norms about gender, sexuality and ageing and subvert disciplinary narratives about later life happiness.

Klinička farmakologija - razvojni put, propisi, obrazovanje, praktični menadžment - u svetu i u Srbiji

Introduction: After searching literature, Professor of Pharmacology at Cornell University Harry Gold was the first to use the name Clinical Pharmacology in the late 1930s and early 1940s. Topic: Clinical pharmacology is a medical discipline created in the middle of the 20th century, it implies the most effective application of medicine, and it could be said that it is the culmination of all therapeutic approaches in medicine, or simply in the preservation of human health. It is a field that spontaneously appeared in the medical field and from the first moment has the only perspective in the unity of practice and science. The second half of the last century is the time of the beginning of the recognition of specialization in clinical pharmacology as an independent medical discipline, in Europe - first in Sweden, England, Switzerland, Norway in the fifties of the last century, in America also in the same period. In Serbia and Montenegro, we noted the beginning in 1981. Clinical pharmacology is a hospital medical specialization; specialists in clinical pharmacology are doctors who know the most adequate use of drugs, which achieves an optimal therapeutic effect. The basis of clinical pharmacology is pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The development path of clinical pharmacology spans more than seven decades, and the key moments are the following: concept of bioavailability (Oser et all, 1945), pharmacokinetics (Friedrich Hartmut Dost, 1953), pharmacokinetics / pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) model (De Jongh and Wijnans and Van Gemert and Duyff, 1950), 1960 - 1980 explosion of pharmacokinetic studies and dramatic progress in the field. Pharmacokinetic interactions between drugs become evident and become the subject of many studies: in the 1970s, drug-level monitoring for digoxin, aminoglycosides, phenytoin, theophylline and other drugs began to be implemented in many hospitals. The 1980 - 2000 period is characterized by the advancement of technology, including liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography with a mass detector, and the development of computer technology. What makes clinical pharmacology attractive is the concept of the connection between drug concentration and pharmacodynamic effect, which unites science and practice in achieving a therapeutic effect and more successful medical treatment patients, appeared in the eighties of the last century. In the mid-1980s, Yusko and Boudinot began research linking biochemical mechanisms with pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic techniques and leading to their refinement. Conclusion: The development of pharmacology as a profession and science related to the use of drugs spontaneously moved from experimental pharmacology to clinical pharmacology to hospital pharmacology. In order for a clinical pharmacology specialist to really show and prove the useful value of this knowledge, the cooperation of all doctors in teamwork is necessary, as well as cooperation with scientists and cooperation with pharmaceutical magnates. If they find a way for a positive dialogue, the results will become a daily practice. Underline the letter to editors of journals, and alert letters via professional community, meaning be supported and informed. The main developmental goal of hospital pharmacology is to encompass a wide vaiety of specialists and subspecialists, together with strict demands in respecting pharmacoterapy choice, clinical trials law, monitoring side effects of drugs and medical devices. Ffrom authors's experience clinical pharmacologists' duties are clear, however, clinical pharmacology specialists and subspecialists are insufficient. Educating more colleagues is necessery for the future in order to increase presence of clinical pharmacology

Antimicrobial Late Cornified Envelope Proteins: The Psoriasis Risk Factor Deletion of LCE3B/C Genes Affects Microbiota Composition

Late cornified envelope proteins are predominantly expressed in the skin and other cornified epithelia. On the basis of sequence similarity, this 18-member homologous gene family has been subdivided into six groups. The LCE3 proteins have been the focus of dermatological research because the combined deletion of LCE3B and LCE3C genes (LCE3B/C-del) is a risk factor for psoriasis. We previously reported that LCE3B/C-del increases the expression of the LCE3A gene and that LCE3 proteins exert antibacterial activity. In this study, we analyzed the antimicrobial properties of other family members and the role of LCE3B/C-del in the modulation of microbiota composition of the skin and oral cavity. Differences in killing efficiency and specificity between the late cornified envelope proteins and their target microbes were found, and the amino acid content rather than the order of the well-conserved central domain of the LCE3A protein was found responsible for its antibacterial activity. Invivo, LCE3B/C-del correlated with a higher beta-diversity in the skin and oral microbiota. From these results, we conclude that all late cornified envelope proteins possess antimicrobial activity. Tissue-specific and genotype-dependent antimicrobial protein profiles impact skin and oral microbiota composition, which could direct toward LCE3B/C-del‒associated dysbiosis and a possible role for microbiota in the pathophysiology of psoriasis.

Bimetallic catalysts: highly active and highly selective

By carefully controlling the structure and composition of bimetallic nanoparticles, researchers have come up with a high-performance model catalyst that blends the best features of each metal. The advance could lead to commercial catalysts that cut manufacturing costs and reduce waste. Heterogeneous catalysts, which generally contain one type of metal, drive most industrial-scale chemical processes. Blending two metals can increase catalysts’ capabilities , for example, by mediating separate steps of a reaction. But most methods for preparing mixed-metal catalysts lead to particles with variations in composition, size, and shape. The lack of control often causes a trade-off between catalytic activity and chemical selectivity. A team of researchers led by Jessi E. S. van der Hoeven, Alfons van Blaaderen, and Petra E. de Jongh of Utrecht University has now shown how to combine metals to make catalysts that are active and selective. The team made a series of uniform nanorods, each

“Where Shall We Place Our Hope?”: COVID-19 and the Imperiled National Body in South Africa's “Lockdown Collection”

“Where Shall We Place Our Hope?”: COVID-19 and the Imperiled National Body in South Africa's “Lockdown Collection”

The Labor of Politics: A Review of Steven Klein's The Work of Politics

The Labor of Politics:A Review of Steven Klein's The Work of Politics Maurits de Jongh (bio) Steven Klein. The Work of Politics: Making a Democratic Welfare State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. 204 pp. $99.99 (hc). ISBN: 9781108478625. The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the inadequacies of residual welfare arrangements to counter injustices. When Uber drivers lack trip requests in lockdown, the gig economy shows new highs of underemployment; when poorly paid cleaners of city buses or hospitals lack adequate personal protective equipment, exposure to health risks becomes even more uneven; and when disadvantaged children lack the safe haven of a classroom, lasting harm to their life chances results. Examples abound. But the pandemic also inspires a newfound collective resolve to refurbish the welfare states upon which democratic societies rely, from relatively gratuitous gestures such as #ClapForO-urCarers to newfound support for bold ideas like the establishment of a Global Fund for Social Protection.1 While it may be too early to tell what the future of the welfare state will look like after COVID-19, reading Steven Klein's The Work of Politics will help you to hope for the best but also to expect the worst. In this magnificent book, he presents an original theory of the welfare state, arguing that it functions simultaneously as a site of lasting democratic empowerment, and as a vehicle for the reproduction of domination in a capitalist social order. A particularly insightful part of his account is to look at welfare institutions as "worldly mediators" between calculable, material needs and non-technical, political judgments. In constructing this theoretical building block from Arendt's writings, Klein engages in what may be called a hermeneutics of depurification. He shows that Arendt does not empty or cleanse the political of its socio-economic dimensions, but instead offers the vocabulary (with her notions of "class," "interest," "property," etc.) with which they can become part of an enduring common world. Klein takes his cue for this depurified (and hence also socio-economically relevant) reading of Arendt from Markell, who proposes a work- rather than action-centric reading of Arendt's The Human Condition.2 The activity of work and its lasting, worldly objects function as mediating or bridging concepts between the futility of labor's economic needs and the fragility of political action. Klein praises the transfigurative and reifying potential of homo faber's work, and points to Arendt's phenomenological insistence on connecting instrumentality to appearance. "Everything that is," writes Arendt, "must appear, and nothing can appear without a shape of its own; hence there is in fact no thing that does not in some way transcend its functional use, and its transcendence, its beauty or ugliness, is identical with appearing publicly and being seen."3 By depicting democratic social movements and the welfare institutions which they help construct as not only stories of action but also as instantiations of work and its objects, Klein offers an attractive, non-reductive theory. [End Page 881] Things like pensions, social housing projects, classrooms, or hospital beds are never merely commendable out of life's dire necessity or instrumental usefulness—although they deserve praise for this as well. Instead, these objects are always also part of an infrastructure that generates a meaningful and enduring world. So understood, welfare arrangements provide the scene and occasion for democratic action, but they also turn those episodes into some of the lasting institutions that Arendt's politics requires. Klein's book thus renders vivid and concrete Arendt's insistence that the intersubjective disclosure of words and deeds is always "about an objective worldly reality" yet spoken among agents "to one another."4 This unorthodox, depurified reading is particularly forceful to invalidating the endlessly recurring trope of Arendt's alleged aestheticism. Yet I think it would be a mistake to abandon orthodox, purified readings altogether. What interesting puzzles arise from pairing both hermeneutic strategies? One obvious, remaining puzzle is that while depurified readings hinge on Arendt's claim that "everything that is, must appear," one cannot easily discard her insistence that "the most elementary meaning [of the public-private distinction] indicates that there are things that need to be hidden and...

"I Am Always Amazed About What I Find Out When I Get on the Ground": Joe Sacco On, Before, and After the Page

Joe Sacco was interviewed as a keynote event during the second Amsterdam Comics Conference Drawing Yourself in and out of It in 2018. The acclaimed Maltese-American cartoonist spoke with three interviewers, each focusing on a particular aspect of his artistic and journalistic practice. Aimee de Jongh, a successful comics artist from the Netherlands, started by inviting Sacco to talk about his work in the field and his research habits. Comics scholar Rik Spanjers then engaged with Sacco about the ways in which he creates comics pages out of his experiences in the field. Historian Kees Ribbens concluded the interview by inquiring about the impact of Sacco's work on the conflicts and histories that it documents.

NNIL-formulas revisited: Universal models and finite model property

Abstract NNIL-formulas, introduced by Visser in 1983–1984 in a study of $\varSigma _1$-subsitutions in Heyting arithmetic, are intuitionistic propositional formulas that do not allow nesting of implication to the left. The first results about these formulas were obtained in a paper of 1995 by Visser et al. In particular, it was shown that NNIL-formulas are exactly the formulas preserved under taking submodels of Kripke models. Recently, Bezhanishvili and de Jongh observed that NNIL-formulas are also reflected by the colour-preserving monotonic maps of Kripke models. In the present paper, we first show how this observation leads to the conclusion that NNIL-formulas are preserved by arbitrary substructures not necessarily satisfying the topo-subframe condition. Then, we apply it to construct universal models for NNIL. It follows from the properties of these universal models that NNIL-formulas are also exactly the formulas that are reflected by colour-preserving monotonic maps. By using the method developed in constructing the universal models, we give a new direct proof that the logics axiomatized by NNIL-axioms have the finite model property.

Vessels Pulsing with Energies and Stories to Tell

In this article, attention is drawn to stories arising from some southern African contemporary everyday ceramics utilityware created by selected local South African eastern seaboard potters, with an eye to identifying certain characteristics that result in works by these potters being most regularly used in the writer's household and studio. This conversation then takes a prehistoric turn, via a fingerprint on a fired lump of clay, to a brief discussion around potters of our southern African eastern seaboard Precolonial Farmer era, and some main characteristics of Kalundu Tradition utilityware ceramics. One particularly interesting characteristic is that excavations have revealed that some perfectly serviceable utilityware items were repurposed by means of post-firing partial or full piercing on the shoulder, belly, or base. Attention then moves towards the flame-firing techniques of Nesiwe Nongebeza and Lindsay Scott, as well as of woodburners Nina Shand and Paul de Jongh. Finally, it is lightly speculated that one of the reasons many potters enjoy working with clay and have certain favourite ceramic items in daily use is because they bestow some of their own energies into the works and recognise that others have also done so, thereby adding something special that users and collectors appreciate.

Briefs / Feuilletons

Briefs / Feuilletons Liza Vick, Santie de Jongh, Valia Vraka, Stephanie Merakos, and Estelle Lowry, Director New Additions to RILM Music Encyclopedias. On 1 January 2021, RILM Music Encyclopedias will add three seminal works to its collection of historical and current titles: • Richard Carlin. Country Music: A Biographical Dictionary (New York: Routledge, 2013). • Gabriel Pareyón. Diccionario enciclopédico de música en México (Zapopan: Universidad Panamericana, 2006–2007). • Jaimie Vernon. Canadian Pop Music Encyclopedia(Scarborough, ON: Bullseye Canada, 2020). With the addition of these titles, RILM Music Encyclopedias augments its coverage and depth, adding titles centered around North America as subject. Transitions at the RISM Zentralredaktion. Klaus Keil, the longtime director of the RISM Zentralredaktion (Editorial Center) in Frankfurt, retired on 31 August 2020. The new director, as of 1 September 2020, is Dr Balázs Mikusi. Klaus Keil's association with the RISM Central Office began in 1982, when he was hired as a student worker when the office was still in Kassel. He became director of the Central Office, by now in Frankfurt, in 1991. He led RISM through many changes and milestones, especially technological ones, as the work of RISM moved from microfiche to CD-ROMs and finally to the publicly available online catalogue. His kindness and good spirit have been a stable force in RISM and are well known to the hundreds of RISM contributors who have worked with him over the decades. Upon his retirement, Klaus Keil was appointed a Member of the RISM Association by the RISM Board of Directors. His position was handed over to Balázs Mikusi, who holds a Ph.D. in musicology from Cornell University and was head of the Music Collection of the National Széchényi Library in Budapest from 2009 to 2020. He has served on the board of IAML as a vice-president and is a noted scholar of Haydn and Mozart, among others. While the retirement of Klaus Keil marks the end of an era, RISM welcomes this new chapter of leadership and is looking forward to the milestones to come. The University of Pennsylvania Libraries has completed the digitisation of more than 2,500 items from the collection of Marian Anderson, one of the most celebrated singers of the twentieth century. The body of primary sources in the collection—including letters, diaries, journals, interviews, recital programmes, and private recordings—spans the Philadelphia-born contralto's six-decade career as a concert singer and advocate for social justice. The digitisation project was funded in 2018 by a $110,000 grant from the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR). The newly digitised materials complement a significant collection of four thousand photographs, which are also publicly accessible. 'Marian Anderson achieved worldwide renown as a singer while breaking racial barriers in the United States, and the Penn Libraries is honored to serve as custodian of her archival legacy', says Constantia Constantinou, H. Carton Rogers III Vice Provost and Director of the Penn Libraries. 'Through Anderson's digitized collection, scholars and students worldwide can discover and reflect on her life and career and further illuminate her social, cultural, and historical impact'. [End Page 363] Marian Anderson (1897–1993) was born and raised in Philadelphia, with close ties to the community. Best known as an interpreter of art songs and spirituals, Anderson performed in diverse venues throughout her career, from schools and community centers to formal concert stages. A world-renowned recitalist, Anderson was also a high-profile figure in the fight for Civil Rights. After having been denied permission by the Daughters of the American Revolution to perform for an integrated audience in Constitution Hall, Anderson famously performed an open-air concert for 75,000 people on Easter Sunday, 9 April 1939, on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC. Additionally, in 1955, she was the first Black singer to perform in a lead role on the stage of the Metropolitan Opera. Anderson officially retired from the stage in 1965. Her life and career continue to be celebrated and studied by a diverse group of learners from schoolchildren to musicologists and social historians. To facilitate the work of teachers, students, and researchers, the Penn Libraries...

Subminimal Logics in Light of Vakarelov’s Logic

We investigate a subsystem of minimal logic related to D. Vakarelov’s logic $$\mathbf {SUBMIN}$$ , using the framework of subminimal logics by A. Colacito, D. de Jongh and A. L. Vargas. In the course of it, the relationship between the two semantics in the respective frameworks is clarified. In addition, we introduce a sequent calculus for the investigated subsystem, and some proof-theoretic properties are established. Lastly, we formulate a new infinite class of subsystems of minimal logics.

The scope of alternatives: indefiniteness and islands

I argue that alternative-denoting expressions interact with their semantic context by taking scope. With an empirical focus on indefinites in English, I show how this approach improves on standard alternative-semantic architectures that use point-wise composition to subvert islands, as well as on in situ approaches to indefinites more generally. Unlike grammars based on point-wise composition, scope-based alternative management is thoroughly categorematic, doesn’t under-generate readings when multiple sources of alternatives occur on an island, and is compatible with standard treatments of binding. Unlike all in situ (pseudo-scope) treatments of indefinites, relying on a true scope mechanism prevents over-generation when an operator binds into an indefinite. My account relies only on function application, some mechanism for scope-taking, and two freely-applying type-shifters: the first is Karttunen’s (Linguist Philos 1(1):3–44, 1977. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00351935 ) proto-question operator, aka Partee’s (in: Groenendijk, de Jongh, Stokhof (eds) Studies in discourse representation theory and the theory of generalized quantifiers, Foris, Dordrecht, 1986) IDENT, and the second can be factored out of extant approaches to the semantics of questions in the tradition of Karttunen (1977). These type-shifters form a decomposition of LIFT, the familiar function mapping values into scope-takers. Exceptional scope of alternative-generating expressions arises via (snowballing) scopal pied-piping: indefinites take scope over their island, which then itself takes scope.