De Bellevue Research Articles

Induction of New Aromatic Polyketides from the Marine Actinobacterium Streptomyces griseorubiginosus through an OSMAC Approach.

Using the OSMAC (One Strain Many Compounds) approach, the actinobacterium Streptomyces griseorubiginosus, derived from an unidentified cnidarian collected from a reef near Pointe de Bellevue in Réunion Island (France), was subjected to cultivation under diverse conditions. This endeavour yielded the isolation of a repertoire of 23 secondary metabolites (1-23), wherein five compounds were unprecedented as natural products (19-23). Specifically, compounds 19 and 20 showcased novel anthrone backbones, while compound 23 displayed a distinctive tetralone structure. Additionally, compounds 21 and 22 presented an unusual naphtho [2,3-c]furan-4(9H)-one chromophore. Interestingly, the detection of all these novel compounds (19-23) was exclusively achieved when the bacterium was cultured in FA-1 liquid medium supplemented with the epigenetic modifier γ-butyrolactone. The elucidation of the structural features of the newfound compounds was accomplished through a combination of HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, as well as QM-NMR (Quantum Mechanical-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) methods and by comparison with existing literature. Moreover, the determination of the relative configuration of compound 23 was facilitated by employing the mix-J-DP4 computational approach.

Response of greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to variable irrigation

Aladenola, O. and Madramootoo, C. 2014. Response of greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to variable irrigation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 303–310. In order to optimize water use in bell pepper production information about the appropriate irrigation water applications and agronomic and physiological response to mild and severe water stress is necessary. Different water applications were tested on yield, quality and water stress threshold of greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivar Red Knight in 2011 and 2012 on the Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste Anne De Bellevue, QC. The study was carried out on a soil substrate in the greenhouse. Irrigation was scheduled with four treatments:120% (T1), 100% (T2), 80% (T3), and 40% (T4) replenishment of crop evapotranspiration in a completely randomized design. The highest marketable yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were obtained with T1 in both years. T1 received 20% more water than T2 to produce 23% more marketable yield than T2. Fruit total soluble solids content was highest in T4, and smallest in T1. The mean crop water stress index (CWSI) of the irrigation treatments ranged between 0.08 and 1.18. Leaf stomatal conductance of bell pepper was 75 to 80% lower in T4 than in T1. Regression obtained between stomatal conductance and CWSI resulted in a polynomial curve with coefficients of determination of 0.88 and 0.97 in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The result from this study indicate that the yield derived justifies the use of an extra quantity of water. Information from this study will help water regulators to make appropriate decision about water to be allocated for greenhouse production of bell pepper.

Response of greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to variable irrigation

Aladenola, O. and Madramootoo, C. 2014. Response of greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to variable irrigation. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 303-310. In order to optimize water use in bell pepper production information about the appropriate irrigation water applications and agronomic and physiological response to mild and severe water stress is necessary. Different water applications were tested on yield, quality and water stress threshold of greenhouse-grown bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivar Red Knight in 2011 and 2012 on the Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste Anne De Bellevue, QC. The study was carried out on a soil substrate in the greenhouse. Irrigation was scheduled with four treatments:120% (T1), 100% (T2), 80% (T3), and 40% (T4) replenishment of crop evapotranspiration in a completely randomized design. The highest marketable yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were obtained with T1 in both years. T1 received 20% more water than T2 to produce 23% more marketable yield than T2. Fruit total soluble solids content was highest in T4, and smallest in T1. The mean crop water stress index (CWSI) of the irrigation treatments ranged between 0.08 and 1.18. Leaf stomatal conductance of bell pepper was 75 to 80% lower in T4 than in T1. Regression obtained between stomatal conductance and CWSI resulted in a polynomial curve with coefficients of determination of 0.88 and 0.97 in 2011 and 2012, respectively. The result from this study indicate that the yield derived justifies the use of an extra quantity of water. Information from this study will help water regulators to make appropriate decision about water to be allocated for greenhouse production of bell pepper.

Effect of Nod factor sprays on soybean growth and productivity under field conditions

A field experiment was conducted at Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec during the growing seasons of 2002 and 2003, to study the effect of Nod factor treatments, applied at specific growth stages, on photosynthesis and biomass accumulation by soybean grown under two tillage systems (conventional tillage, no-tillage). Spray application of Nod factors increased photosynthesis at the four fully expanded trifoliate leaves and full bloom growth stages under no-tillage and conventional tillage; they increased plant biomass at the beginning seed filling stage. Nod factor treatment did not affect yield in 2002, due to severe drought during the reproductive period. In 2003, Nod factor application increased yield under conventional tillage but not under no-tillage, and this may have been due to the negative effect of no-tillage on plant growth on the clay-loam soil at the experimental site. This study indicated that responses to Nod factors are affected by environmental conditions, and that Nod factors may be useful when applied to soybean grown under conventional tillage.

The International Circumpolar Surveillance Interlaboratory Quality Control Program for Streptococcus pneumoniae , 1999 to 2008

The International Circumpolar Surveillance (ICS) Program was initiated in 1999 to conduct population-based surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease in select regions of the Arctic. An interlaboratory quality control (QC) program for pneumococcal serotyping and antibiotic susceptibility testing was incorporated into ICS by reference laboratories in northern Canada (Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec [LSPQ] in Sainte-Anne de Bellevue, Québec; National Centre for Streptococcus [NCS] in Edmonton, Alberta) and Alaska (Arctic Investigations Program [AIP]). The World Health Organization's Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Pneumococci at the Statens Serum Institute (SSI) in Copenhagen, Denmark, joined the QC program in 2004. The Iceland Reference Laboratory (IRL) in Reykjavik, Iceland, joined the QC program in 2006, but due to small sample sizes, data from IRL are not included in this report. From 1999 through 2008, 190 isolates were distributed among four laboratories (AIP, NCS, LSPQ, and SSI). The overall serotype concordance was 95.8%, and the overall serogroup concordance was 97.4%. The overall modal MIC concordance for testing by broth microdilution (BMD) and agar dilution was >96% for all the antibiotics except erythromycin (92.1%) and clindamycin (89.5%). MIC comparisons between the Etest and BMD resulted in lower concordance for erythromycin (73.9%), clindamycin (65.5%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (80%); however, categorical concordance (susceptible, resistant) remained high at 98.6%, 89.1%, and 90.9%, respectively. Our data demonstrate a high degree of correlation of serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results between four participating laboratories.

Evaluation of a Fluorescent Method for Measuring Cholinesterase Activity in Mammalian Blood and Tissue

1 School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada 2 Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada 3 Center for Indigenous Peoples’ Nutrition and Environment (CINE), Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada 4 Departments of Animal Science and Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA

Environmental Dose of Toxaphene Does Not Affect the Growth, Stress Response, and Selected Physiological Parameters in Juvenile Arctic Charr, (Salvelinus alpinus)

Growth, Stress Response, and Selected Physiological Parameters in Juvenile Arctic Charr, (Salvelinus alpinus) C. A. Blanar,* M. A. Curtis, H. M. Chan 1 Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada 2 School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition and Centre for Indigenous Peoples’ Nutrition and Environment (CINE), Macdonald Campus, McGill University, 21, 111 Lakeshore Road, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada

Margaret Newton: Pioneering Cereal Rust Researcher.

Margaret Newton, the daughter of Elizabeth Brown and John Newton, was born on April 20, 1887 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Her father had been educated as a chemist in England, and worked as a laborer on the farm of his father-in-law at Plaisance, Quebec. Margaret’s education began in a one-room schoolhouse at North Nation Mills. Her father later moved the family of five children -Margaret, Robert, John, William, and Dorothy (four were to obtain Ph.D. degrees in agriculture) -and his wife (Fig. 1) to Montreal for a higher paying job at a box manufacturing and lumber firm. Margaret finished middle school and completed two years of high school in Montreal. She finished high school in Plaisance after the family returned there to live. After two additional years at a country school, Margaret taught for one year in the same schoolhouse that she had attended in North Nation Mills. Margaret was not yet fully qualified as a teacher, so she studied for two years at the Collegiate Institute in Vankleek Hill, Ontario, and obtained a teaching degree from the Normal School in Toronto. She taught for three years in Lachine, Quebec, and returned to teach for one year at the school in North Nation Mills. During her teaching stints, Margaret became interested in obtaining a university degree. She initially enrolled in an arts program at McMaster University. During her first year at McMaster she visited her brother who was attending Macdonald College, at Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, which was the faculty of agriculture of McGill University. Margaret decided to change her field of study, and in 1914 applied for admittance to Macdonald College, with a major in agriculture. She was not immediately accepted, although her academic credentials were excellent. The most likely reason for this Margaret Newton (Photo courtesy Agriculture and AgriFood Canada Cereal Research Center, Winnipeg).

Fertilizers and Subirrigation with Saline Water Affects Yield of Green Peppers in Lysimeters

ABSTRACT An experiment was undertaken at the McGill University experiment station at Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Canada, to study the effect of different fertilizers on green pepper yield as it is influenced by saline water supplied through a subirrigation system, which was used to supplement water stored in the soil. Green peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), cv. Bellboy, were grown in field lysimeters filled with a sandy loam soil. The lysimeters were covered with plastic sheets to prevent rainfall/surface water entry. Water having salinities of 1, 3, 5, and 7.5 dS·m−1, was applied through the bottoms of the lysimeters, and steady-state water tables were maintained at 0.45 or 0.9 m from the surface. The soil solution salinity in the soil profile remained less than 3.5 dS·m−1 during the growing season, and there was no appreciable increase in soil solution salinity in the root zone. Five rates of fertilizers were applied on the soil surface. The highest yield was obtained when all three nutrients, N, P, and K were applied at the recommended rates. The highest rate of N decreased pepper yield due to vigorous vegetative growth. Although the rate of P did not significantly increase yield when applied with K only, the yield significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) when P was applied with K and N. Average yield ranged from 706 to 1,229 g/plant. There was no interaction of fertilizer with water table depth or irrigation water salinity. It appears that water with salinities up to 7.5 dS·m−1 could be used to supplement the stored fresh water in the soil profile using a subirrigation system for growing moderately salt-sensitive crops such as green peppers.

Measurement of tensile strength of unsaturated sandy loam soil

This paper presents a method of measuring tensile strength directly on laboratory prepared soil samples. The soil used in the tests was a St. Benoit sandy loam (Bt) from the Macdonald Campus Research Station, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Que., Canada. The three experiments were: (1) measurements of tensile strength of soil samples at different moisture contents, prepared making an effort to keep constant soil density; (2) measurements of tensile strength of soil samples at different bulk densities, prepared making an effort to keep constant moisture content; and (3) measurements of tensile strength of soil samples at different moisture contents, prepared using soil at different moisture content at the time of compacting and using the same compaction force. It was concluded that drying the soil after densification can improve soil strength. However, reducing the water content before densification led to decreasing soil strength, or a higher requirement for compressive energy to achieve the same tensile strength. Densification always increased soil strength independent of the compaction path.

Potential of airborne hyperspectral remote sensing to detect nitrogen deficiency and weed infestation in corn

A compact airborne spectrographic imager (CASI) was used to obtain images over a field that had been set up to study the effects of various nitrogen application rates and weed control on corn ( Zea mays). The objective was to determine to what extent the reflectances obtained in the 72 visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavebands (from 409 to 947 nm) might be related to differences associated with combinations of weed control (none, full, grasses only or broadleafs only) and nitrogen application rate (60, 120 or 250 kg/ha). Plots were arranged in split-plot experiment in completely randomized design at the McGill University Research Farm on Macdonald Campus, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Que., Canada. Weeding treatments were assigned to the main-plot units, and nitrogen rates to the sub-plot units. Three flights were made during the growing season. Data were analyzed for each flight and each band separately, then regrouped into series of neighboring bands yielding identical analyses with respect to the significance of the main effects and interactions on reflectance. The results indicate that the reflectance of corn is significantly influenced ( α=0.05) at certain wavelengths by the presence of weeds, the nitrogen rates and their interaction. The influence of weeds was most easily observed in the data from the second flight (August 5, 2000), about 9 weeks after planting. The nitrogen effect was detectable in all the three flights. Differences in response due to nitrogen stress were most evident at 498 nm and in the band at 671 nm. In these bands, differences due to nitrogen levels were observed at all growth stages, and the presence of weeds had no interactive effect. Differences in other regions, whether related to nitrogen, weeds or the combination of the two, appeared to be dependent on the growth stage. Furthermore, results comparable to those of the hyperspectral sensor were obtained when a multispectral sensor was simulated, indicating little advantage of using the former.

David St. Aubin (1952-2002)

Imagine the scene, Dave, strong, youthful and sharp-eyed, poised to leap off the bow of a swift-turning zodiac, hurl himself into the frigid Arctic waters, and deftly place a hoop-net over the head of a thrashing beluga whale. Each evening we would sit quietly on the cliffs, sharing the satisfaction of a good day's work .... The spectacle of the hundreds of belugas just below the bluff, rubbing in the shallows of Cunningham Inlet, made this one of Dave's favourite places. He was, after all, the one who had found out why belugas were there. ... Dave was the first to document that a whale could actually moult, in a peculiar kind of mammalian way. Dave started his research career as an assistant at the Arctic Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, in Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, .... Dave was clear in his vision and goals. In 1973, he decided on graduate training. Riding a wave of powerful recommendations, he arrived at the University of Guelph .... Dave earned his Master's degree and Ph.D., both with honours. ... From the moment Dave arrived at the university until the day he left 21 years later, ... three of us worked together from the Arctic to the tropics, from Maritime Canada to Florida, from Holman Island to South America to Hawaii- observing, studying, documenting, learning. ... In 1993, Dave went to Mystic Marine Life Aquarium as Director of Research and Veterinary Services. While south of the Canadian border, his interests and involvement in Arctic research grew stronger than ever. ... By today's measure, 50 years is a disappointingly short life, but Dave never wasted a moment and accomplished much. ...

Lipid analysis by vibrational spectroscopy

European Journal of Lipid Science and TechnologyVolume 103, Issue 12 p. 815-826 Dossier Lipid analysis by vibrational spectroscopy Frederick R. van de Voort, Corresponding Author Frederick R. van de Voort vandevoort@macdonald.mcgill.ca McGill IR Group, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Quebec, CanadaMcGill IR Group, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9. Phone: +1-514-398-8618, Fax: +1-514-398-7991Search for more papers by this authorJacqueline Sedman, Jacqueline Sedman McGill IR Group, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Quebec, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorTed Russin, Ted Russin McGill IR Group, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Quebec, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author Frederick R. van de Voort, Corresponding Author Frederick R. van de Voort vandevoort@macdonald.mcgill.ca McGill IR Group, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Quebec, CanadaMcGill IR Group, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9. Phone: +1-514-398-8618, Fax: +1-514-398-7991Search for more papers by this authorJacqueline Sedman, Jacqueline Sedman McGill IR Group, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Quebec, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorTed Russin, Ted Russin McGill IR Group, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Quebec, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 10 December 2001 https://doi.org/10.1002/1438-9312(200112)103:12<815::AID-EJLT1111815>3.0.CO;2-PCitations: 63AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume103, Issue12December 2001Pages 815-826 RelatedInformation

What is an ‘intelligent museum’? A Japanese view

Eiji Mizushima was born in 1956 in Yokohama. Graduate of Tokyo University of Science, in systems engineering. Joined Japan Science Foundation in 1981 and has since been responsible for exhibition system design for science museums. Planned and designed the Japan History Pavilion at Tsukuba International Science Expo in 1985. Leader of Display Engineering Study Project and Museum Engineering Study Group. In 1987/88, visited the Cité des Sciences et de l’Industrie (Paris), and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Atelier de Bellevue), on scholarship from Japan Science Foundation.

Weed Biomass Production Response to Plant Spacing and Corn (Zea mays) Hybrids Differing in Canopy Architecture1

Field experiments were conducted in 1996, 1997, and 1998 at Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada, and in 1996 at Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, to quantify the impact of corn hybrids, differing in canopy architecture and plant spacing (plant population density and row spacing), on biomass production by transplanted and naturally occurring weeds. The treatments consisted of a factorial combination of corn type (leafy reduced stature [LRS], late-maturing big leaf [LMBL], a conventional Pioneer 3979 [P3979], and, as a control, a corn-free condition [weed monoculture]), two weed levels (low density [transplanted weeds: common lambsquarters and redroot pigweed] and high density [weedy: plots with naturally occurring weeds]), two corn population densities (normal and high), and row spacings (38 and 76 cm). At all site-years under both weed levels, the decrease in biomass production by both transplanted and naturally occurring weeds was greater due to the narrow row spacing than due to the high plant population densi...

Morphology and yield response to weed pressure by corn hybrids differing in canopy architecture

Recently, corn ( Zea mays L.) hybrids accumulating more leaf area above the ear, maturing earlier, yielding better in narrower row spacings and tolerating higher population densities than conventional hybrids have been developed. However, no research has been conducted to assess their ability to compete with weeds. The objective of this study was to quantify morphological and grain yield responses of hybrids with differing canopy architectures to the presence and absence of weeds. Field experiments were conducted in 1996, 1997, and 1998 at Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec and in 1996 at Ottawa, Ontario. Three hybrids, leafy reduced-stature (LRS), late maturing big leaf (LMBL), and conventional Pioneer 3979 (P3979), were evaluated at two population densities (normal and high), row spacings (38 and 76 cm) and weed pressure levels (weed-free and weedy). Weed pressure reduced the plant height of LRS less (only 4 cm) than the tall hybrids (average reduction of 26 cm). The overall grain yield of the LMBL hybrid was much greater (12.7 mg ha −1) than the LRS (9.6 mg ha −1) and P3979 (11.0 mg ha −1) hybrids in the absence, but not in the presence (LRS, 6.5; LMBL, 6.7; and P3979, 6.8 mg ha −1), of weeds. The yield of early-maturing LRS and P3979 (especially LRS) hybrids, were least affected by weed pressure, suggesting better tolerance of, and competition with, weeds. However, further research with more LRS hybrids is needed, as is the development of better yielding LRS hybrids, before they can be recommended over conventional hybrids.

Abstracts, The Canadian Phytopathological Society annual meeting, London, Ontario, 2001

Abstracts, The Canadian Phytopathological Society annual meeting, London, Ontario, 2001

Response of Corn Hybrids Differing in Canopy Architecture to Chemical and Mechanical (Rotary Hoeing) Weed Control: Morphology and Yield

Weed interference with the growth and yield of corn plants is affected by both mechanical and chemical means of weed control. Recently, corn hybrids accumulating more leaf area, maturing earlier, yielding better in narrower row spacings and tolerating higher plant populations better than conventional hybrids have been developed. Because of more rapid leaf area accumulation during the earliest stages of canopy development and overall canopy architecture, they may be more susceptible to damage due to mechanical weed control. The objective of this study was to assess the response of corn hybrids with a wide range of canopy architectures to chemical and mechanical (rotary hoeing) weed control, with an emphasis on quantifying morphology and grain yield responses. Field experiments were conducted in 1997 and 1998 at Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec. Three hybrids were tested: leafy reduced‐stature (LRS1 and LRS2), and the conventional hybrid Pioneer 3979 (P3979). Rotary hoeing alone had very little effect, while herbicide application reduced the interference of weeds with growth and grain yield of all hybrids. Hybrid P3979 had more total leaf area than LRS1 and LRS2, but the percentage of leaf area above the ear was much higher for LRS hybrids (70 %) than for P3979 (51 %). Generally, LRS hybrids were much shorter with more leaf area above the ear than P3979, contributing to the large differences in canopy architecture between the LRS hybrids and P3979. However, morphology and grain yield response of hybrids to rotary hoeing and herbicide weed control was not different, indicating that the new hybrids were not more susceptible to damage caused by mechanical weed control than a corn hybrid with a conventional canopy architecture.

Maasai Gummivory: Implications for Paleolithic Diets and Contemporary Health

Previous articleNext article No AccessReportsMaasai Gummivory: Implications for Paleolithic Diets and Contemporary Health1Timothy Johns, Mythili Nagarajan, Moringe L. Parkipuny, and Peter J. H. JonesTimothy JohnsSchool of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9 (Johns and Jones)/Enzymatic Therapy, 825 Challenger Drive, Green Bay, Wis. 54311, U.S.A. (Nagarajan)/Korongoro Integrated Peoples Oriented to Conservation, Loliondo, Tanzania (Parkipuny). 8 vii 99 Search for more articles by this author , Mythili NagarajanSchool of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9 (Johns and Jones)/Enzymatic Therapy, 825 Challenger Drive, Green Bay, Wis. 54311, U.S.A. (Nagarajan)/Korongoro Integrated Peoples Oriented to Conservation, Loliondo, Tanzania (Parkipuny). 8 vii 99 Search for more articles by this author , Moringe L. ParkipunySchool of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9 (Johns and Jones)/Enzymatic Therapy, 825 Challenger Drive, Green Bay, Wis. 54311, U.S.A. (Nagarajan)/Korongoro Integrated Peoples Oriented to Conservation, Loliondo, Tanzania (Parkipuny). 8 vii 99 Search for more articles by this author , and Peter J. H. JonesSchool of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9 (Johns and Jones)/Enzymatic Therapy, 825 Challenger Drive, Green Bay, Wis. 54311, U.S.A. (Nagarajan)/Korongoro Integrated Peoples Oriented to Conservation, Loliondo, Tanzania (Parkipuny). 8 vii 99 Search for more articles by this author School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9 (Johns and Jones)/Enzymatic Therapy, 825 Challenger Drive, Green Bay, Wis. 54311, U.S.A. (Nagarajan)/Korongoro Integrated Peoples Oriented to Conservation, Loliondo, Tanzania (Parkipuny). 8 vii 99PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Current Anthropology Volume 41, Number 3June 2000 Sponsored by the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/300152 Views: 109Total views on this site Citations: 9Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Lindiwe Sibeko, Timothy Johns Global survey of medicinal plants during lactation and postpartum recovery: Evolutionary perspectives and contemporary health implications, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 270 (Apr 2021): 113812.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.113812Casey J. Roulette, Efrem-Fred A. Njau, Marsha B. Quinlan, Robert J. Quinlan, Douglas R. Call Medicinal foods and beverages among Maasai agro-pastoralists in northern Tanzania, Journal of Ethnopharmacology 216 (Apr 2018): 191–202.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.022Gorka Menendez-Baceta, Laura Aceituno-Mata, Javier Tardío, Victoria Reyes-García, Manuel Pardo-de-Santayana Wild edible plants traditionally gathered in Gorbeialdea (Biscay, Basque Country), Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 59, no.77 (Oct 2011): 1329–1347.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-011-9760-zElliott C. Forsythe, Susan M. Ford Craniofacial Adaptations to Tree-Gouging Among Marmosets, The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology 294, no.1212 (Nov 2011): 2131–2139.https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.21500Tammy Y. Watkins The Prevalence of Wild Food Knowledge Among Nomadic Turkana of Northern Kenya, Journal of Ethnobiology 30, no.11 (Mar 2010): 137–152.https://doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771-30.1.137Andrew C. Smith Exudativory in Primates: Interspecific Patterns, (Aug 2010): 45–87.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6661-2_3Andrew C. Smith Influences on Gum Feeding in Primates, (Aug 2010): 109–121.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6661-2_5Patrick L. Owen, Timothy Johns Antioxidants in Medicines and Spices as Cardioprotective Agents in Tibetan Highlanders, Pharmaceutical Biology 40, no.55 (Sep 2008): 346–357.https://doi.org/10.1076/phbi.40.5.346.8461Gary Haynes The catastrophic extinction of North American mammoths and mastodonts, World Archaeology 33, no.33 (Jan 2002): 391–416.https://doi.org/10.1080/00438240120107440

Composting of Crucifer Wastes Using Geotextile Covers

Composting trials were undertaken in 1994 – 996 in Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, to study the feasibility of using crucifer or carrot residues with sawdust or straw for composting. Geotextile covers were tested for their influence on different parameters of the composting process. Two complete composting cycles from fall to summer were monitored. Measurements were taken for compost temperature, moisture, and leachate. Chemical analyses were performed on compost samples. Phytotoxicity tests were done with compost leachate samples. The results indicated that temperatures of covered compost (CC) decreased more slowly during late fall and early winter than non-covered compost (NC). In addition, CC did not freeze to as great a depth during the winter, and warmed earlier and faster than NC in the spring. The moisture content of CC was significantly lower than in NC at the end of both composting cycles. CC had a higher mineral content than NC in both cycles, and the levels of total N, P, K and NO3 were significantly higher for CC in the second cycle. The carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio of CC decreased earlier and reached a lower level at the end of the composting cycle. The quantity of leachate from CC was significantly reduced compared to NC in the second cycle. Compost leachate in both treatments showed a high level of phytotoxicity at the beginning of the composting cycle. However, there was no evidence that compost covers influenced the phytotoxicity in leachate throughout the composting cycle. The use of covers could translate into economic or environmental benefits for most composting operations.