DC Electrical Energy Research Articles

Experimental investigation of near-field magnetic energy harvesting from induction cooktop

This paper proposes a simple and cost-effective magnetic-field-energy harvesting circuit for capturing the leaked magnetic energy from an induction cooktop. In this, the captured energy is converted into dc electrical energy with the help of 1N5819 Schottky diodes based full wave bridge rectifier. We investigated the captured magnetic-field energy at different positions and different heights of the energy-harvesting coil from the induction cooktop. The designed Magnetic-Field-Energy Harvesting (MFEH) circuit is capable of capturing an average dc power of 1484 mW while it is placed 5 cm below the induction cooktop with a load resister 33 Ω and capacitance of 470 μF. The power level is reduced to 203 mW when the energy harvesting coil is moved to 10 cm below the induction cooktop. The harvested magnetic field energy at different positions of the energy harvesting coils is investigated for different values of load resisters. The harvested energy can be stored in a battery for future applications. The proposed device demonstrated practically for charging mobile and powering the low-power IoT device. The numerical study of the proposed harvesting mechanism is explained also. The induction cooktop’s yielded excellent results and magnetic field energy harvesting capability make the proposed device unique from the previously reported magnetic harvesting circuits.

ENERGY HARVESTING FROM TELEVISION FREQUENCY: CASE STUDY OF RECTIFYING ANTENNAS

Various research trends have tended to investigate the viability of powering these circuits using either a dedicated RF source from television frequencies (TF) or free energy harvested from ambient electromagnetic space due to the rapid development of wireless systems and demands for low-power integrated electronic circuits. In order to enable battery-free sustainable wireless networks, radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) and radiative wireless power transfer (WPT) have gained a lot of attention. Rectenna is primarily a combination of a receiving antenna and a rectifier circuit used to convert RF energy into usable DC electrical energy. The foundation of WPT and RFEH systems, rectifying antennas (rectenna), play a crucial role in the quantity of direct current power delivered to the load. The radiation to AC harvesting efficiency of the rectenna directly affects the gathered power, which can vary by orders of magnitude. The television frequency in the study area is taken into account in this essay so that it can be converted to usable dc voltages and currents.

Solar Powered Battery Charging System by Using Arduino: Experimental design

In recent years, the need for efficient and sustainable energy solutions has become increasingly important. One potential solution is the use of solar power for battery charging systems. In this project, an Arduino-based solar-powered battery charging system is designed and implemented. The system consists of a solar panel that collects energy from the sun, an Arduino microcontroller that regulates the battery's charging, and a battery that stores the energy for later use. The solar panel converts sunlight into DC electrical energy, which is then fed to the battery through a charging circuit. The implementation of this system is fairly straightforward. The solar panel is connected to an input pin of the Arduino microcontroller, which then controls the charging of the battery through a charging circuit connected to an output pin. The charging circuit is designed to limit the charging current and voltage to prevent damage to the battery.

PEMODELAN DAN PENGENDALIAN MOTOR DC TYPE DRIPPROOF-SEPARATELY VENTYLATED DENGAN TEGANGAN JANGKAR

A dc motor is a machine that converts dc electrical energy into mechanical energy. One way to assess the work of a dc motor is to know the amount of current and speed in the initial conditions before adjustments/changes are made. Current and speed settings can be made by adjusting the motor armature voltage at starting. The greater the time the armature voltage reaches its nominal value, the armature current will be smaller so that it is safe for the motorbike and vice versa.

Traceability Technology of DC Electric Energy Metering for On-Site Inspection of Chargers

The on-site inspection of high-power DC chargers results in new DC high-current measurement and DC energy traceability system requirements. This paper studies the traceability technology of electric energy value for automotive high-power DC chargers, including: (1) the traceability method of the built-in DC energy meter and shunt of the charger; (2) precision DC high current and small precision DC voltage output and measurement technology. This paper designs a 0.1 mA~600 A DC high current measurement system and proposes a 0.005 level DC power measurement traceability system. The uncertainty evaluation experiment of the DC power measurement calibration system and the high-power DC charger’s on-site calibration experiment results verify the method’s effectiveness and feasibility in this paper. The experimental results show that the combined standard uncertainty of the DC power metering verification system can be 0.0451%.

RECTIFIER ANTENNA UNTUK ENERGY HARVESTING GELOMBANG ELEKTROMAGNETIK

The results of the study have obtained rectifier antennas that can convert electromagnetic waves into DC electrical energy. One of the energy harvesting methods is to use rectenna. Rectenna is an antenna that can capture electromagnetic waves that propagate freely in the air which is integrated with a rectifier that is able to convert electromagnetic waves into electrical energy. In this study, a series of power storage has been made with the aim of storing electrical energy generated by the rectifier. Two types of antennas with different frequencies are used as test equipment, namely a WiFi antenna that works at a frequency of 2.4 GHz and a TV antenna that works at a frequency of 470-806 MHz. From the results of the tests carried out, a voltage of 5.96 V was generated in the power storage circuit with a charging process duration of 54 minutes 27 seconds using a Wi-Fi antenna integrated with a rectifier and step up dc to dc converter. Meanwhile, by using a TV antenna, a voltage of 4.25 V is produced with a charging process duration of 57 minutes 19 seconds.

A New Decentralized Robust Secondary Control for Smart Islanded Microgrids.

Dealing with the islanded operation of a microgrid (MG), the micro sources must cooperate autonomously to regulate the voltage and frequency of the local power grid. Droop controller-based primary control is a method typically used to self-regulate voltage and frequency. The first problem of the droop method is that in a steady state, the microgrid's frequency and voltage deviate from their nominal values. The second concerns the power-sharing issue related to mismatched power line impedances between Distribution Generators (DGs) and MGs. A Secondary Control Unit (SCU) must be used as a high-level controller for droop-based primary control to address the first problem. This paper proposed a decentralized SCU scheme to deal with this issue using optimized PI controllers based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The GA provides the appropriate adjustment parameters for all adopted PI controllers in the primary control-based voltage and current control loops and SCU-based voltage and frequency loops. ANNs are additionally activated in SCUs to provide precise online control parameter modification. In the proposed control structure, a virtual impedance method is adopted in the primary control scheme to address the power-sharing problem of parallel DGs. Further, in this paper, one of the main objectives includes electricity transmission over long distances using Low-Voltage DC Transmission (LVDCT) systems to reduce power losses and eradicate reactive power problems. Voltage Source Inverters (VSIs) are adopted to convert the DC electrical energy into AC near the consumer loads. The simulation results illustrated the feasibility of the proposed solutions in restoring voltage and frequency deviations, reducing line losses, as well as achieving active and reactive power sharing among the DGs connected to the MG.

Studying spectroscopic, cyclic voltammetry, and electrical properties of novel 4-amino antipyrine derivative for photonic applications

The present work aims to synthesize a new antipyrine derivative and then study its optical properties in the form of thin films with the aim of using the obtained results in the fabrication and designing of new optoelectronic devices. A N1,N3-bis(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)malonamide, dpdp novel organic compound has been successfully synthesized in dimethylformamide (DMF) medium by the chemical reaction between 4-aminoantipyrine and malonyl chloride. The obtained dpdp compound is characterized quantitatively and qualitatively by using micro elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, 1H– & 13C–NMR, and thermogravimetric measurements. Two steps weight loss of 84 % (calcd. mass loss 37.25 %) is recorded in the temperature range of 25 °C to 800 °C. Thin films of the novel organic dpdp were successfully grown by the thermal evaporation technique. FSEM images show the surface topology of the as-deposited thin film which is characterized by high quality, continuous, and crystalline granular surface with an average particle size of 70 nm. The cyclic voltammetric analysis showed that the energy difference between the HOMO and LUMO equals 2.43 eV. The calculated values of the optical band gap transitions deduced from the diffuse reflectance spectra are found to be 2.27 eV, and 3.44 eV for the powder and the as-deposited dpdp thin films, respectively. The photoluminescence spectra analysis showed that the as-deposited film dpdp is characterized by a main green peak centered at 530 nm. The optical transflection spectra showed that the calculated values of the indirect optical band gap transitions are found to be 3.53 eV for the as-deposited thin film which slightly increased to 3.63 eV after annealing at 373 K and 423 K for 4 h. Spectral variations of the refractive index and the specific polarizability showed one peak around 400 nm which fades by annealing treatment at 373 K and 423 K. The dc electrical resistivity activation energy of the free charge carriers was estimated.

Solar Charger Design for Electric Vehicles

As countries and car makers focus on goals like "going green," combating climate change, and so on, the present worldwide trend toward electric vehicles is expanding. The design of electric vehicles is an important aspect of this. Electric cars are powered by electricity generated by a power source, most often batteries. These batteries require charging. A charging station must be supplied for this reason. The charging stations or points transform the energy they have access to from a variety of sources into DC electrical energy for the automobile. These devices had to be willing to handle human input, namely the amount of power to be used, in order for the user to pay for what they need. In this paper, an electric car is charged using a local bank capacity, a PV Powerwall is available. This simulation sets the foundation for solar-powered electric vehicle (EV) charger designs.

Low temperature - Dielectric, impedance, and conductivity - Study for lanthanum nickelate-manganate ceramics

A solid-state reaction was applied to obtain lanthanum nickelate manganate ceramics. This double perovskite was sintered at TS = 1350 °C. An occurrence of monoclinic P21/n major phase of La2NiMnO6 at room temperature was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The minor phase of cubic Fm-3m of the MnNi6O8 phase was detected. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images exhibited agglomerated irregular grains of sizes ranging from ∼1 to 5 μm, separated by voids. The energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) method confirmed the occurrence of La, Mn, Ni, and O elements and the absence of other atoms. The Nyquist plots exhibited overlapped semi-circular-like arcs, attributed to grain and grain boundary effects at low temperature range. The imaginary impedance peak, which shifted when temperature and frequency increased, was attributed to the relaxation process. The activation energy Ea,τ = 0.10 eV and characteristic relaxation time τ0 = 1.49 ps for the relaxation process was estimated. The Bode plot helped to discern different mechanisms involved in the impedance observed in the low-temperature range. The conductivity scaling behavior confirmed the hopping mechanism of the small polarons. The estimated dc electrical conductivity activation energy, Edc, varied from 0.13 eV to 0.17 eV, depending on the temperature range. Variable range hopping of the small polaron model consistent with the structural disorder was appropriate in the low-temperature range. The dielectric loss response was explained in the framework of the conductivity effect. The non-coincidence of the peak positions of impedance Z″ and modulus M″ spectra confirmed the short-range motion of charge carriers. The manifestation of the magneto-dielectric effect was deduced.

Simulation research of single phase half wave controllable rectifier circuit based on MATLAB

The function of the rectifier circuit is to convert AC electrical energy into DC electrical energy to provide energy for DC electrical equipment. The input end of the single phase rectifier circuit is a single phase AC power supply. The working principle of the single phase rectifier circuit is related to its load, the load is different, and its working process is also different. In this paper, MATLAB 9.5 software is used to simulate the single phase half wave controllable rectifier circuit under different load working conditions. In this paper, MATLAB9.5 is used to simulate the single-phase half-wave controllable rectifier circuit, study the working process under different load conditions,and analyze the working principle of the rectifier circuit, which is the research of the single phase half wave controllable rectifier circuit in practical industry and application provide a very important reference.

Modelling and Performance Evaluation of 18w PEM Fuel Cell Considering H2 Pressure Variations

The chemical energy of a hydrogen-oxygen reaction is converted directly into dc electrical energy by fuel cells (FC). PEMFCs (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells) are a feasible alternative for electrical transportation and stationary applications. This paper presented a PEMFC modelling approach using Artificial Intelligence. The main objective of this research is to build a model of an 18w Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell and test its performance under different hydrogen pressure conditions. The physical model of the 18W hydrogen fueled PEM fuel cell is designed and tested at BHEL R&D. Additionally, a method for predicting a PEMFC's operating temperature using the voltage and current measures is suggested and successfully tested. However, the proposed technique is validated using experimental data from an 18W fuel cell. The analytical data and testing procedures required for determining the parameter values used in the proposed model are specified.

Estimating the Switching phenomenon for Se98Te2 and Se96Te2X2 (X=Zn or Cd) Chalcogenide glasses.

The switching behavior was investigated for Se98Te2 and Se96Te2X2 (X= Zn or Cd) Chalcogenide glasses in thin film form. The thermal evaporation process was used for the preparation of the film samples. I−V curves were investigated in the thickness range (200-670 nm) and temperature range (293-318 K). The I−V curves show a memory switch. The values of threshold voltage (Vth) found to decrease with the addition of Zn and Cd to Se98Te2 respectively. Also, the threshold voltage (Vth) values decrease exponentially with increasing temperature and increase with thickness. The ratio between the threshold voltage activation energy Δεth and dc electrical activation energy ΔEσ for the studied compositions suggests the explanation of the switching process by the electrothermal model. The threshold electric field Eth values were obtained and show an inverse relation with temperature for our studied system. The effect of Cd and Zn addition to Se98Te2 on the obtained parameters was also explained.

Accurate Measurement of DC Electric Energy in Power Plant

With the development of electric vehicles, the corresponding charging facilities are gradually accelerating the construction. Aiming at the corresponding problems existing in the domestic electric vehicle charging facilities, such as management and control, operation and maintenance and testing, this paper studies the integrated test system for AC / DC charging facilities, and introduces the design concept, hardware scheme, software scheme and processor platform of the system in detail. The system is based on GB/T18487.1-2015, NB/T33008-2018 and other test standards, and can be used for type experiments and performance tests of charging piles. The research results in this paper are conducive to the development of charging inspection facilities in the direction of integration, digitization, and automation. It is of great significance for charging facilities to reduce operation and maintenance costs and improve charging service level. It is conducive to promoting and ensuring the sustainable development of the domestic electric vehicle industry and the needs of implementing China’s long-term development plan and energy conservation and emission reduction policies.

Operation Platform of Charging Pile Metering Equipment Based on Big Data

At present, our country’s new energy industry has developed rapidly with the concept of green development, and at the same time, the demand for charging piles and other equipment is also increasing. However, many new energy vehicles need to pay corresponding fees when using charging piles, resulting in bloated data in the original metering system. Based on this, the purpose of this article is to design and research the operation platform of charging pile metering equipment based on big data. This article first analyzes and studies the current status of charging pile metering, and studies its existing problems and shortcomings in combination with big data technology. The feasibility of the system development and the module functions of the charging pile metering equipment operating platform are studied. This article systematically expounds the three basic algorithms of DC electric energy measurement, and uses comparative analysis method, interdisciplinary method and other research forms to study the content of this article. Experimental research shows that the accuracy of the charging pile metering equipment based on big data studied in this paper is within 0.1, which is extremely feasible.

Rancang Bangun Inverter Mengubah Arus Listrik DC ke AC Berbasis Arduino Uno

At this time electrical energy is needed in terms of helping humans in carrying out their activities both in doing their daily work. In this case, it is impossible for there to be problems in periodic blackouts to save electricity resources carried out by PLN and to disrupt all human activities starting from the tools that require electrical energy. For this reason, it is necessary to anticipate by making an inverter which aims to make all the activities they do using electrical energy are not disturbed. This tool is assisted by using Arduino Uno as the main ingredient which later DC electrical energy, namely the battery, will convert electrical energy that we usually use AC electrical energy

Rancang Bangun Multi Frekuensi Rectenna Untuk Energy Harvesting Gelombang Elektromagnetik

The increasing need for electrical energy encourages the birth of methods to utilize various forms of energy available in nature called energy harvestin. One of them is from electromagnetic waves that are massif used daily by the community. In this study, a rectifier antenna (rectenna) was created using a 5-stage voltage doubler method with the aim of generating DC electrical energy from the input of electromagnetic waves that propagate freely in the air. Electromagnetic waves are captured using two types of antennas with the aim of capturing different frequencies, namely UHF TV antennas with a working frequency of 470-806 MHz and WiFi antennas with a working frequency of 2400 MHz commonly used by the public. Because testing is conducted in open spaces, where environmental change conditions greatly affect the captured electromagnetic geombang encroachment, DC electrical power tends to change during testing. The largest DC electricity generated by WiFi antenna input is 1,420V and the average voltage is 231.7mV/min with a distance of 90cm from the largest frequency source and UHF TV antenna is 648mV and the average voltage is 478.16mV/min with a distance of 0 cm from the largest frequency source

Single Phase Transformerless Photovoltaic Inverter for Grid Connected systems- An overview

Renewable energy sources play a vital role in satisfying the growing electricity demand. Out of the numerous available sources, solar energy is projected as the most viable one. Solar photovoltaic is used for converting solar energy into unregulated DC electrical energy. The generated DC energy is converted to AC voltage of anticipated magnitude and frequency using solar inverters. Transformerless grid integrated inverter is the emerging topology used in the solar inverter. The objective of this paper is to provide a critical review of the grid integrated solar inverter. The review is done on the primary operation, research advancements in topologies and control, comparing performance parameters, and listing challenges. In addition, a review of industrial solutions with performance parameter is also provided. Furthermore, review of various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques and its point of implementation is reviewed. The efficiency of transformerless grid integrated inverter lies between 93% to 97%. The total harmonic distortion (THD) reported is less than 5%. The review of fault detection method is also presented. A new topology is proposed, and its performance is evaluated and compared with the simulation results of conventional topologies. The common mode noise is reduced in the new proposed topology.

Perancangan Regulasi Tegangan AC - DC Menggunakan Filter Pasif

The adapter / power supply is a DC voltage source that is used to provide voltage or power to various electronic circuits that require DC voltage to operate. The main circuit of the power supply is a rectifier, which is a circuit that converts an alternating signal (AC) into a direct signal (DC). The conversion process starts from rectification by the diode. In this paper, the Ripple Voltage Filter is carried out using a passive filter and the average voltage drop of the filter is 64%, the regulation (regulation) by the regulator circuit, the provision of this DC electrical energy source is to provide a unidirectional variable voltage ( DC) which aims to provide practical tools in Batanghari University electric laboratories while the benefits obtained from the research results are as a tool for practical activities in the electrical engineering laboratory of Batanghari University, Jambi.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ НА СОДЕРЖАНИЕ НИТРАТНОГО АЗОТА В ПОЛИВНОЙ ВОДЕ

The introduction of mineral fertilizers has a negative impact on the agrobiocenosis. An increase the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in irrigation water in order to use it as a nitrogen fertilizer that does not have a negative impact on the environment seems relevant. The change in the content of nitrate nitrogen was determined in irrigation water, which was used as the flowing water of the city water supply (Moscow); pond water (Moscow region); potassium nitrate solution with a concentration of 50.9 mg/l. Three types of irrigation water were processed using a high-voltage installation. The experimental electrohydraulic installation consisted of a TVI-50/70 transformer with a rectifier unit; DC electric energy storage systems (high-voltage pulse capacitors); arresters designed to generate pulsed spark discharges with a short rise time; controls that allow changing technological modes during experiments; working units. During the research, an ITAN pH meter/ionometer was used according to the RD 52.24.367-2010 method. The technological mode of operation of the electro-hydraulic unit provides for the following characteristics: operating voltage 42 kV; capacitance of capacitors 0.05 μF; number of spark discharges n = 1 ... 5 thousand pieces; forming the gap between the ball arresters FP = 14 mm; working gap between working high-voltage electrodes 10 mm. Electrohydraulic treatment of water increases the concentration of nitrate nitrogen compounds in the running water of city water supply by 3.7 times (from 2.9 to 10.9 mg/l), in pond water - by 7 times (from 1.2 to 8.4 mg/l), in a solution of potassium nitrate - 1.3 times (from 50.9 to 68.4 mg/l). In water treated electrohydraulically, the content of nitrate nitrogen increases, which expands the possibilities for its use when watering plants.