Daytime Care Research Articles

Effect of adult day care centre attendance on hypertension management.

Hypertension (HT) silently threatens one in three adults, especially older adults, who struggle with blood pressure (BP) control because of limited health access, poor adherence to medication and failure to make lifestyle changes. This increases their risk for heart disease, kidney failure and dementia. Fortunately, adult day care centres (ADCCs) offer hope. These community facilities provide daytime care, including health support services, social activities and exercise. This study investigated the perceived effect of adult daycare centre attendance on BP control and treatment adherence. A mainly descriptive study at MUCPP Community Health Centre (CHC) in Bloemfontein, South Africa, between July 2020 and September 2020, used questionnaires researchers completed during interviews. The researchers approached 372 hypertensive patients of a minimum of 60 years old and at least 2 years since being diagnosed. Of the 90 who attended ADCCs, 71.1% had controlled hypertension compared to 51.4% of those who did not. While treatment adherence showed no difference, a positive association between ADCC attendance and BP control is evident. The findings suggest a promising link between ADCC attendance and improved BP control in older adults with hypertension. Adult Day Care Centres warrant further exploration as it seems to be an encouraging support intervention for this vulnerable population.Contribution:This study highlights the positive impact ADCCs have on hypertension management in older adults, urging increased physician awareness and patient referrals.

Virtual reality in the outpatient: reducing anxiety and fear in venous puncture

To analyze whether the use of virtual reality (VR) headsets during venipuncture can modify the perception of pain, anxiety, and fear in pediatrics. Open label, randomized clinical trial. The presence of intellectual, visual, or hearing impairment were considered exclusion criteria. Two anxiety and fear scales were administered before and after the procedure, and the Wong-Baker face pain scale at the end. The following were recorded: number of venipuncture attempts, duration of the procedure, and side effects. 78 patients were included, 38 males and a mean age of 9.63 years. In the intervention group, the mean pain value was 2.87, with a mean difference (MD) of -0.85 compared with the control one (95% confidence interval (CI) -2.02 to 0.33). There was a significant reduction in the level of anxiety and fear, with MDs of -2.59 (95%CI: -3.92 to -1.26) and -0.85 points (95%CI: -1.45 to -0.24), respectively. the use of VR headsets in venipuncture in hospital daytime care decreases the level of anxiety and fear in children and seems to reduce pain, without adverse effects. The venipuncture procedure has the same success rate and does not increase its duration.

Nutritional Challenges in Nursing Homes: Pilot Study on Macronutrient Intake and Status of Vitamins D and B12.

Older adults living in nursing homes (NH) are considered a population group that could be at risk in terms of nutrition, even more so than their community-dwelling peers. Evidence on the nutritional status of NH residents is scarce, as they are commonly excluded from population-based dietary studies. This is also the case in Slovenia. In the presented pilot study, we assessed the intake of macronutrients as well as the intake and status of vitamin D and vitamin B12 on a sample of NH and NH daycare center users to explore the need for a larger representative study. The pilot study included 37 participants from three Slovenian NH (20 participants) and their daycare centers (17 participants). Daycare centers offer daytime care services for older adults, where users are also provided with major meals during their stay. Intakes of energy and nutrients were estimated by three 24 h dietary records. Fasting blood samples were collected for the assessment of vitamin D and vitamin B12 status. Over 90% of the participants had daily energy and protein intakes below recommendations (reference values: energy intake: males 2100 kcal and females 1700 kcal; protein intake > 1 g/kg body mass). The males' median daily intakes of vitamin D were 1.7 µg (1.5 µg females), and 2.3 µg for vitamin B12 (2.0 µg females). None of the participants had adequate vitamin D intake (>20 µg), and 92.3% males and 87.5% females had inadequate vitamin B12 intake (<4 µg). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-OH-D conc. < 30 nmol/L) was 100% among NH residents and 53% among NH daycare center users. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was found in 20% of NH residents. The study results highlighted that certain nutrients might be critical in this population, especially among NH residents; however, a more thorough investigation with the inclusion of other important markers of nutritional status should be performed on a larger, representative sample to support the development and implementation of appropriate public health interventions.

Insomnia severity among caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes: A mixed method study

AimThis research was conducted to assess the severity of insomnia experienced by caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes. MethodIn this study, a mixed-method descriptive sequential pattern design was employed, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research methods. In the study, 152 caregivers were surveyed for quantitative data on survey form and insomnia severity. Additionally, 9 mothers underwent semi-structured interviews for qualitative insights. ResultsOf caregivers, 13.8% were identified to experience clinical insomnia. There were statistically significant differences in insomnia severity index scores in terms of experiencing sleep problems after the child's type 1 diabetes diagnosis, caregivers having adequate sleep duration at night, how they felt on waking in the morning, difficulty managing their child's diabetes the next day due to lack of sleep, difficulty getting to sleep at night, sleeping more than one hour during the day, lack of sleep due to caring and treatment, lack of sleep due to not meeting the desired targets for blood glucose values and receiving support for type 1 diabetes management due to lack of sleep (p < 0.05). Three themes were identified as a result of qualitative analysis: Sleep status of caregivers, effect of sleep problems on daily life and solving sleep problems. ConclusionsCaregivers experience insomnia during the process of type 1 diabetes management and this situation affects their daytime care duties. Practical implicationsResearch shows caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes often face insomnia, highlighting the need for solutions.

A hybrid cloud detection and cloud phase classification algorithm using classic threshold-based tests and extra randomized tree model

The detection of clouds from the latest-generation satellites is crucial for the accuracy of downstream remote sensing products. Classic threshold-based algorithms or machine-learning-based algorithms have limitations in all-day cloud detection, usually sacrificing measurements from visible bands to develop all-day cloud detections. It is difficult to find a day-night consistent cloud detection that takes advantage of all band measurements even if there is an abrupt absence of visible bands on one sides of the terminator. This study explains a cloud detection algorithm for the Cloud, Atmospheric Radiation, and renewal Energy application (CARE) datasets that synergistically uses threshold-based tests and an extra randomized tree (ERT) model to detect all-day clouds from Himawari-8 full-disk measurements. First, we developed a visible-to-infrared band daytime cloud detection algorithm (D algorithm) to generate high-precision training datasets, based on which an infrared band all-day cloud detection algorithm (DN algorithm) is built with an ERT model. Second, we merge the D and DN algorithm into CARE algorithm by weighting the results of the two algorithms differently according to day/night and land/sea conditions. In developing D algorithm, we use two-layer curved-surface thresholds from a look-up-table (LUT), that can effectively improve the dusk-dawn cloud detection accuracy over high latitudes and reduce the misclassification of clouds over sunglint regions. Validations against CALIPSO measurements show that the hit rate (HR) of CARE results (daytime cloudy HR 76.95%, clear HR 87.97%, nighttime cloudy HR 73.19%, clear HR 81.77%) outperform MODIS (daytime cloudy HR 77.35%, clear HR 66.09%, nighttime cloudy HR 78.08%, clear HR 59.72%) especially in nighttime clear sky detections, daytime CARE results show lower and higher HR in water/ice cloud detections than JAXA and MODIS results, nighttime CARE (water cloud HR 47.82%, ice cloud HR 93.59%) results show higher HR in both water and ice clouds than MODIS (water cloud HR 43.39%, ice cloud HR 74.41%). The comparison between the CARE and JAXA products shows high consistency during the daytime, and the CARE products have better cloud detection in the sunglint center and in dusk-dawn scenarios.

Exploring overnight social care for older adults: a scoping review

PurposeDemand for care at home is growing because of the increase in life expectancy, an ageing population and the chronic conditions that often accompany longevity. Daytime care at home services have been widely reported on, but less is known about overnight care at home. This paper aims to gather evidence about overnight social care for older adults in their homes.Design/methodology/approachRecent studies were identified through searches in three electronic databases. Studies published in English between January 2016 and June 2022 exploring overnight care at home for older adults were eligible for inclusion. An additional Google search identified home care services within the UK currently providing overnight support.FindingsThe review retrieved five relevant papers, highlighting the paucity of research in this area. A narrative review of the literature identified common themes that suggested domiciliary night care staff play an integral role in meeting the overnight care and support needs of older adults who wish to be cared for at home. Despite the limited evidence base in this area, the Google search for UK domiciliary services who provide overnight support identified several active programmes.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first scoping review exploring the provision of overnight social care to older adults in their own homes. The review highlights the need for further research to inform commissioning and practice development.

Effects of an outdoor horticultural activities program on cognitive and behavioral functioning, mood, and perceived quality of life in people with dementia: a pilot study.

One of various non-pharmacological treatments for people with dementia (PwD) is horticultural therapy. The aim of this double-blind, pre- and post-test, pilot study was to examine the effects of horticultural activities (HA) for PwD at a residential and daytime care facility. Whether combining HA with elements drawn from other psychosocial interventions (cognitive stimulation) would maximize any benefits was also newly examined. Twenty-four PwD were involved either in HA, alone (TG1, N = 7) or combined with some cognitive stimulation (TG2, N = 8), or in indoor treatment-as-usual activities (CG, N = 9). Benefits were assessed in terms of general cognitive functioning (for participants with mild-to-moderate dementia), mood, behavioral and psychological symptoms, and quality of life. No differences emerged between TG1 and TG2 in any outcome measure, so the two groups were combined (N = 15). Compared with the CG, the TG involved in HA exhibited less frequent and severe behavioral and psychological symptoms and an improved mood after the intervention. Caregivers also reported less distress in the TG after the intervention than in the CG. Considering only PwD with mild-to-moderate dementia, the TG also showed benefits in a measure of general cognitive functioning, and self-reported quality of life, compared with the CG. Our results further confirm that engaging PwD in participatory HA in contact with natural elements can decrease their dementia symptoms and their caregivers' distress, but also increase PwD's quality of life. Our findings also suggest the need to consider dementia severity when assessing the benefits of horticultural therapy.

Multi-goal Rehabilitation Layout Planning for Total Flow of Staffs and Remoteness of Equipment in Elderly Daytime Care Service

Multi-goal Rehabilitation Layout Planning for Total Flow of Staffs and Remoteness of Equipment in Elderly Daytime Care Service

A socially innovative service model in Istanbul

The aim of this study is to strengthen the urban rights and quality of life of vulnerable groups by contributing to the development of a new approach and standards in urban social services. Toward this goal, we present the socially innovative service model (SISM) which ensures a framework of daytime care and support centers for disabled individuals established in the Eyüp district, wherein generally the lower and lower-middle classes of Istanbul reside. SISM provides an important perspective on rights-based social policies as well as community and city interaction, thereby enabling interdisciplinary study of social sciences and planning.

SITE SELECTION ASSESSMENT OF VACANT CAMPUS SPACE TRANSFORMING INTO DAILY CARE CENTERS FOR THE AGED

Taiwan is facing the dual severe social problems of an aging population coupled with a low birth rate. Aging has given rise to an urgent need for future long-term care and daytime care, while the low birth rate has led to a large number of vacant classrooms on campus. The government is actively developing the policy of reusing idle campuses as daily care centers for the aged. However, the implementation of this policy lacks a set of complete evaluation mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to propose a three-stage site selection assessment model to construct site selection assessment indicators, construct indicator weights using the analytic hierarchical process (AHP), and rank the campuses most suitable for transformation into daily care centers for the aged according to the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. The results showed that the convenience of family members’ transportation, access to medical treatment, service life of school buildings, barrier-free spaces, and ventilation condition are all key factors regarding the future transformation of vacant campus spaces into daily care centers. The assessment model could provide a reference to accelerate the decision-making benefits regarding the sustainable reuse of idle campus spaces.

Association between the incidence of early childhood caries and attending childcare among toddlers in a rural area of Japan: a prospective cohort study

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the incidence of early childhood caries (ECC) and factors of the daytime childcare environment among toddlers in a rural area of Japan. Material and methods This was a prospective cohort study. Data collected from 2011 to 2015 were obtained for initially caries-free, 18-month-old toddlers (N = 640). Dentists recorded the numbers of decayed, missing and filled teeth (caries incidence) of toddlers at baseline (age 18 months) and follow-up (age 3 years). In addition, a questionnaire survey was conducted on guardians at baseline to record data on lifestyle. Results In total, 159 (24.8%) toddlers had newly identified ECC at follow-up. Logistic regression analyses indicated that the incidence of ECC was significantly associated with receiving daytime care at a nursery school (odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–2.30; p = .029), prolonged breastfeeding (OR, 1.71; 95%CI, 1.15–2.55; p = .008), and snacking ≥3 times a day (OR, 2.39; 95%CI, 1.53–3.74; p < .001). Conclusion These findings suggest that receiving daytime care at a nursery school, prolonged breastfeeding, and frequent snacking are associated with an increased risk of ECC among Japanese toddlers in rural areas.

Staff Scheduling and Work Allocation Considering Physical Workload in Senior Daytime Care Facilities

Staff Scheduling and Work Allocation Considering Physical Workload in Senior Daytime Care Facilities

Rehabilitation staff scheduling in senior daytime care facility with feeling of physical/mental workloads and movements

Rehabilitation staff scheduling in senior daytime care facility with feeling of physical/mental workloads and movements

Comparison of the Cognitive Function and Nutrient Intakes of Elderly Women with Dementia in a Long-Term Care Facility and a Day-Time Care Facility in Incheon

Comparison of the Cognitive Function and Nutrient Intakes of Elderly Women with Dementia in a Long-Term Care Facility and a Day-Time Care Facility in Incheon

FARMERS’ INTEREST IN RUNNING CARE-PROVIDING FARMS AS A FORM OF NON-AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY

The aim of the study was to identify the reasons for the interest and ways of implementing the idea of care farms by Polish farmers. The analysis used secondary data from the Central Statistical Office, reports and literature on the subject. The aim of the study was to identify the reasons for the interest and ways of implementing the idea of care farms by Polish farmers. The analysis uses secondary data from the Central Statistical Office, reports and literature on the subject. It was established that the demand for provision of care services in the countryside is very high. The economic and non-economic motivations determined the decision to start the care activity on the farm. People who had experience in taking care of family members were much more interested in the daytime care than the others. This form, also in the author’s opinion, has the best chance of dissemination and further development, because the organizer has a lot of freedom in terms of infrastructure requirements and services offered.

Night Shifts: Revisiting Blanket Restrictions on Children’s Overnights With Separated Parents

ABSTRACTProfessional opinions have shifted regarding the value of young children receiving overnight care from each parent. Contemporary proposals of blanket restrictions are contradictory and rest on faulty interpretations of a narrow bandwidth of scholarship. No coherent theory or research confirms speculations that fathers’ overnight care poses greater risks to their young children than daytime care, or that overnights are contraindicated if opposed by the mother. Theory, research, and practical considerations support the benefits of overnights. It violates logic and common sense to welcome father–child contact around bedtime and morning rituals when parents live together, but eschew overnight contact when parents separate.

Childcare Environment and Japanese Children Who Are Overweight in Early Childhood.

Maternal employment may affect child care styles and contribute to the increasing prevalence of overweight children. We explored the potential risk factors for becoming overweight during early childhood, especially in the child care environment. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from health check-up services from 2007 to 2015 in Kobe, Japan. The main outcome was being overweight at age 3 years, which was defined by the International Obesity Task Force cutoffs. Environmental, maternal, and infantile factors were examined as possible risk factors for childhood overweight. Of 31,463 infants, 1315 (4.2%) were classified as overweight at age 3 years. Compared with children who were cared for by their mothers during the day at 4 and 18 months, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for becoming overweight for those who were not cared for by their mothers was 1.52: 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.16-1.99. Long sleep duration was associated with lower risk of childhood overweight: aOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66-0.96. Less daytime care by mothers and shorter sleep duration were associated with increased risk of becoming overweight during childhood. Further studies are needed to determine on how the effect of those factors may be diminished with respect to childhood overweight.

Preschool children in out-of-hours primary care \u2013 a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study of factors related to the medical relevance of health problems

BackgroundOut-of-hours primary care (OOH-PC) is intended to provide medical care services for health problems that cannot wait until normal office hours. Children under five years of age represent about 19% of all OOH-PC contacts in Denmark, and the frequency of calls assessed as severe by health professionals is markedly lower for children than for other age groups. Several studies have questioned the appropriateness of the parents’ use of OOH-PC. We aimed to identify factors associated with calls from parents of pre-school children concerning perceived non-severe health problems that were ranked by the triaging GPs as more appropriate for GP office hours (defined as ‘medically irrelevant’).MethodsWe used data from a cross-sectional study performed in the Central Denmark Region for a 1-year period during 2010–2011. GPs in the OOH-PC assessed random contacts, and a questionnaire was subsequently sent to registered patients. Associations between different factors and the medical irrelevance of contacts were estimated with a generalised linear model to calculate the prevalence ratio (PR).ResultsAmong all included 522 telephone consultations and 1226 face-to-face consultations, we identified 71 (13.6%) telephone consultations and 95 (7.8%) face-to-face consultations that were both assessed as non-severe by the parents and more appropriate for GP office hours by the GPs. For telephone consultations, contacts at other times than 4–8 pm on weekdays were statistically significantly associated with medical irrelevance. Additionally, symptoms of longer duration than 24 h were statistically significantly associated medical irrelevance.ConclusionsA large part of the calls to the Danish OOH-PC concern children. The results indicate that some of these calls are made for other than strictly medical reasons. To achieve more effective use of available resources, it might seem relevant to aim at directing more contacts directly to daytime care. However, future studies to enhance our knowledge on parents’ motivation and behaviour would be recommendable.

Prospective Parents' Knowledge About Parenting and Their Anticipated Child‐Rearing Decisions

ObjectiveTo examine whether the theory of planned behavior can be used to understand intentions for child‐rearing practices.BackgroundParenting intentions are formed before becoming a parent, but it is less clear what nonparents' intentions are and how subjective norms, attitudes, and perceived control predict their intentions.MethodNonparent emerging adults (N = 353, Mage = 19.6 years, 72% female) were asked about their intentions to (a) breastfeed or support a partner in breastfeeding, (b) circumcise a male infant, (c) co‐sleep, and (4) put their infant in nonparental daytime care. They were also asked what proportion of American parents they thought engaged in each and why they would or would not engage in each practice.ResultsMost intended to breastfeed and to circumcise their male infants, but not to co‐sleep or to put their infant in nonparental daytime care. Participants' inaccurate knowledge about actual parents' behavior (i.e., subjective norms) and the factors that they thought might affect their own future behavior (i.e., attitudes toward and perceived control) were associated with their intentions for the child‐rearing practices.ConclusionThis study replicated prior research on breastfeeding intentions and extended the viability of the theory of planned behavior to understand prospective parents' intentions for other child‐rearing practices.ImplicationsPractitioners should consider discussing the norms surrounding child‐rearing behaviors during health‐ and development‐focused courses in secondary or postsecondary school and with expecting couples.

Inter-rater reliability of the QuIS as an assessment of the quality of staff-inpatient interactions.

BackgroundRecent studies of the quality of in-hospital care have used the Quality of Interaction Schedule (QuIS) to rate interactions observed between staff and inpatients in a variety of ward conditions. The QuIS was developed and evaluated in nursing and residential care. We set out to develop methodology for summarising information from inter-rater reliability studies of the QuIS in the acute hospital setting.MethodsStaff-inpatient interactions were rated by trained staff observing care delivered during two-hour observation periods. Anticipating the possibility of the quality of care varying depending on ward conditions, we selected wards and times of day to reflect the variety of daytime care delivered to patients. We estimated inter-rater reliability using weighted kappa, κw, combined over observation periods to produce an overall, summary estimate, {widehat{upkappa}}_w . Weighting schemes putting different emphasis on the severity of misclassification between QuIS categories were compared, as were different methods of combining observation period specific estimates.ResultsEstimated {widehat{upkappa}}_w did not vary greatly depending on the weighting scheme employed, but we found simple averaging of estimates across observation periods to produce a higher value of inter-rater reliability due to over-weighting observation periods with fewest interactions.ConclusionsWe recommend that researchers evaluating the inter-rater reliability of the QuIS by observing staff-inpatient interactions during observation periods representing the variety of ward conditions in which care takes place, should summarise inter-rater reliability by κw, weighted according to our scheme A4. Observation period specific estimates should be combined into an overall, single summary statistic {widehat{upkappa}}_{w random} , using a random effects approach, with {widehat{upkappa}}_{w random} , to be interpreted as the mean of the distribution of κw across the variety of ward conditions. We draw attention to issues in the analysis and interpretation of inter-rater reliability studies incorporating distinct phases of data collection that may generalise more widely.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12874-016-0266-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.