Days Of Ontogenesis Research Articles

Examination of immune status of rats fed with diet, containing Black soldier fly larvae biomass, during 93 days of ontogenesis

Examination of immune status of rats fed with diet, containing Black soldier fly larvae biomass, during 93 days of ontogenesis

Микроморфологическая характеристика поверхностной грудной мышцы у кур пород Куланги и Малайская бойцовая

On the basis of histological and micromorphometric studies, the general regularities and breed features of the structural organization of the superficial pectoral muscle in chickens of the meat production direction Kulangi and Malajskaya bojcovaya hens are presented. The age of the studied individuals was 1 and 29 days. The study evaluated the structural and morphometric parameters of not only the muscle fibers, but also the connective tissue component of the studied muscle. It is shown that representatives of fighting breeds of the meat direction of productivity are characterized by general patterns and distinctive features of the structure of the muscle tissue of the superficial pectoral muscle. The similarity of all the studied samples of muscle tissue in terms of area was revealed, which indicates that this feature has optimal values and is stable during ontogenesis. At the same time, the parameters of the thickness of the endomysium, peremysium, muscle fibers and their bundles had variable values in all the studied bird breeds on the 1st and 29th days of ontogenesis. The data obtained indicate the presence of both common morphological features of muscle tissue, genetically determined and stable regardless of productivity, and variable, which can change under the influence of selection. The results of the research are important for veterinary biology, industrial poultry farming, veterinary and sanitary expertise and can be used to improve the methods of breeding work.

Indirect effect of substances of the hemophagous parasite Hirudo verbana on the immune system of the host rats.

A positive relationship between the hematophagous parasite-medicinal leech and the host (animals and humans) has been partially shown by many authors. But only direct influence was shown, and how they can influence indirectly has not been studied by anyone. Therefore, it became relevant to analyse the immunological parameters of blood and histological analysis of the central lymphoid organ of female rats on the 30th day after the birth of their offspring, as well as the same indicators in their offspring on the 30th and 60th days of ontogenesis under the indirect influence of saliva substances of the hematophagous parasite Hirudo verbana. The parasite attachments were carried out to male rats before mating; after four attachments, males were added to the females. After pregnancy, the females were removed. The analysis of indicators was carried out according to the goal. We counted the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, analysed the leukocyte blood count, studied the phagocytic and metabolic activity of neutrophils, histologically analysed the thymus, carried out a statistical analysis. Under the indirect influence of the substances of the parasite saliva, in experimental female rats and their offspring, in comparison with the control group, a significant increase in the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes is observed. The leukocyte blood count in the experimental group remains unchanged in females and their offspring in comparison with the control. When analysing the thymus in the experimental group, the number of lymphocytes significantly increases in females and their offspring. Substances of the hematophagous parasite are able to indirectly positively influence the general condition of pregnant female rats, and later their offspring. It should be noted that the parasite did not directly affect females and their offspring.

Вплив вікасолу на активність дегідрогеназ циклу Кребса та стан системи антиоксидантного захисту м’язів шлунка гусей

The aim of work was to study the effect of vicasol on the Krebs cycle dehydrogenase activity and the state of the antioxidant defense system of geese muscle tissue of the stomach. According to the results of the work, it was found in the smooth muscle tissue of the stomach of geese, vicasol increases the activity of glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase on the 14th and 21st days of ontogenesis, in particular, on the 14th day glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity increase by 181.1 % (p≤0.05), 153.2% (p≤0.05) i 103.3% (p≤0.05), after 7 days 168.0% (p≤0.05), 99.7% (p≤0.05) i 111.3% (p≤0.05) relative to the control group. The antioxidant system enzymes activity of the experimental group on the 28th day tends to decrease, however, a significant difference is observed only between groups of animals for superoxide dismutase, whose activity is reduced by 62.5 % under the influence of vicasol (p≤0.05). On the 35th day of ontogenesis, the activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the experimental group increases by 43.2% (p≤0.05) and 54.1% (p≤0.05) compared to the control, at this time the activity of superoxide dismutase is lower by 23.9 % (p≤0.05). A significant increase in the concentration of lipids hydrogen peroxides (28th day) by 27% (p≤0.05) relative to the control was established in the tissue, followed by a decrease on the 35th day of ontogenesis. Vicasol stabilizes the content of end products of lipid peroxidation in tissue homogenate, with the exception of a decrease of 8.6% (p≤0.05) at the end of experiment. Upon induction of peroxide processes with Fe 2+ in cell, it is increased their content by 108 % (p≤0.05) (21st day), at the end of the experiment, a decrease in the content of secondary lipid decomposition products in the experimental group of animals by 27.5% (p≤0.05). The antioxidant activity of the tissue at the beginning of the experiment under the influence of vicasol was higher by 30%, on the the 21st day decreased by 50% relative to the control group, and on the 35th day it increased by 21,6 %. Vicasol increases the activity of the Krebs cycle dehydrogenase, in particular, succinate dehydrogenase, which activity is higher during the experiment by 14- (78.2%; p≤0.05), 21- (263.3%; p≤0.05), 28- (78, 8%; p≤0.05) and the 35th (92.3%; p≤0.05) day. 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity are more specific and significantly increases relative to the control group by 14- (122.2%; p≤0.05), 21- (84.4%; p≤0.05) and on the 28th (133.3%; p≤ 0.05) day relative to the control group. In general, vicasol activates the system of antioxidant protection and energy metabolism, that is, it is a complex activator of the body’s metabolic functions.

Structure of Masera's Septal Olfactory Organ in Cat (Felis silvestris f. catus) - Light Microscopy in Selected Stages of Ontogeny

The septal organ /SO/ (Masera's organ /MO/) is a chemoreceptor presently considered one of three types of olfactory organs (along with the principal olfactory region and vomeronasal organ). Notwithstanding the septal organ having been first described by Rodolfo Masera in 1943, little is known of the properties of sensory neurons or of its functional significance in chemoreception. Until now the septal organ has been described only in laboratory rodents and some marsupials. This work refers to its existence in the domestic cat (Felis silvestris f. catus). The septal organ can be identified at the end of embryonic period - 27 or 28 days of ontogenesis in cats (the 6th developmental stage of Štěrba) - coincident with formation of the principal olfactory region in nasal cavity. At 45 days of ontogenesis (the 9th developmental stage of Štěrba), this septal olfactory organ is of circular or oval shape, 120 μm in diameter, in ventral part of septum nasi, lying caudally to the opening of ductus incisivus. The structure of the epithelium of septal olfactory organ is clearly distinct from the respiratory epithelium of the nasal cavity. It varies in thickness, cellular composition, as well as free surface appearance, and even lack the typical structure of sensory epithelium, in this developmental period. Nerve bundles and glandular acini are lacking in the lamina propria mucosae of the septal organ and in the adjacent tissues. Glands appear as the single non-luminized cords of epithelia extending from the surface. The adjacent respiratory epithelium contains numerous goblet cells.

Time Programme of the Early Tooth Development in the Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries, Ruminantia)

Witter K., I. Mi‰ek: Time Programme of the Early Tooth Development in the Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries, Ruminantia). Acta Vet. Brno 1999, 68: 3-8. The knowledge of a generally valid pattern of odontogenesis is a prerequisite for the identification of diseases and developmental anomalies in the oral cavity of domestic animals and man. The sheep is a very interesting model species for the investigation of tooth development, as it shows specialisation processes of the mammalian dentition, such as reduction, complication, transformation and translocation, in one object. In this paper, an attempt at an explanation of the time programme of early odontogenesis in the sheep is made to provide a basis for further studies of this object. Heads of 19 staged embryos and fetuses were decalcified, embedded in paraffin and serial transversal sections were made. Stained series were examined by light microscopy. The dental lamina was formed at DO33 (days of ontogenesis). Later dental buds and dental caps for the deciduous dentition developed. The tooth primordia of the permanent dentition did not appear until DO53. Rudimental primordia of upper incisors and canines, which disappeared after DO55, were also observed. An enamel knot-like structure could be distinguished within these rudiments. The time programme of tooth development in the sheep is comparable with the odontogenesis in other terrestial mammals. Ruminants, odontogenesis, dentition, dental lamina, dental bud, dental cap

Semiautomatic morphometric analysis of the nucleolar development in the nucl. n. oculomotorii of Tupaia belangeri during ontogenesis.

The development during ontogenesis of the nuclear and nucleolar diameters and of the numbers of nucleoli per nucleus in the nucl. n. oculomotorii of 32 male Tupaia belangeri are described. The measurements of the nucleolar diameters were done automatically using the Micro-Videomat (Zeiss, Oberkochen). Increase of the nuclear and nucleolar diameters yielded a nearly sigmoid-shaped curve, which was fitted using the logistic growth function. The "ideal" value of the nucleolar diameter is 3.7 mum with a half value time of 22 days of ontogenesis and an enlargement factor of 1.53. The respective parameters for the nucleus are 12.2 mum, 28 days and 1.27. The ratio of the nuclear to nucleolar diameters decreases exponentially during ontogenesis to a value of 3.3. The validity of these easily determinable morphologic parameters for the RNA-synthesis is discussed. The number of nuclei with 2 or 3 nucleoli decreases during ontogenesis. The relevance of this fact for cell counting is also discussed.

Quantitative studies of the development of the fresh volumes and the number of neurones of the nucl. n. oculomotorii of white mice during ontogenesis

The fresh volume of the nucl. n. oculomotorii and the nucl. Edinger-Westphal of 54 white mice aged between 16 and 60 days of ontogenesis was determined. The increase of the fresh volume (y) yields an S-shaped curve that is approached by the logistic function y = f ( t ; P 1 , P 2 , P 3 ) = P 1 1 + exp ⁡ ( P 2 + P 3 ⋅ t ) The parameters were approximated by means of an iterative procedure by the method of least squares. The ‘ideal’ volume, the half-value time, and the enlargement of the fresh volume of these regions of newborn white mice up to the ‘ideal’ volume were determined. The number of neurones in the nucl. n. oculomotorii of 48 of the 54 white mice was counted. After an initial overshoot of developing neurones in the nucl. n. oculomotorii, a dramatic exponential reduction of the number of neurones was found between the 20th and 40th days of ontogeny. The definitive number of neurones was reached on about the 40th day of ontogeny.

Biometrische analyse der volumina des corpus amygdaloideum an einer ontogenetischen reihe von albinoma¨usen

The fresh volume of the corpus amygdaloideum of 59 white mice with an age between 15 and 153 days of ontogenesis has been determined. The increase of the volume (y) of the corpus amygdaloideum yields a S-formed figure that has been approached by the Logistic function y=C1+eA(T−W) The parameters have been approximated by means of an iterative proceeding by the least-square method. The ‘ideal’ volume (C) of the corpus amygdaloideum with its confidence limits (95%) is 11.3 ± 0.4cu. mm. The half-value time of the corpus amygloideum is 23.1 ± 0.46 days of ontogenesis,i.e. the time when the volume of the corpus amygdaloideum has increased to the half ‘ideal’ volume (C/2). The corpus amygdaloideum of the newborn white mouse enlarges up to the ‘ideal’ volume by the factor of 3.2 ± 0.3. In our sample the volume of the corpus amygdaloideum increases in a quadratic function in proportion to the cerebral volume. The regression coefficient A amounts to 0.222 ± 0.001, the absolute constant B amounts to +1.21 ± 0.34, and the correlation coefficient to 0.985. The corpus amygdaloideum develops ontogenetically early compared with neocortex, hippocampal formation and cerebellum. The half-value time of the corpus amygdaloideum is not significantly different from that of the rhombencephalon. The rate of development of the corpus amygdaloideum near the half-value time is significantly faster than that of the rhombencephalon.

The effect of various microelements on changes in the activity of certain enzymes in hydroponically cultivated barley during the first period of growth

The paper deals with the effect of the application of certain ions (Zn2+, B4O7 2- Mn2+, Cu2+, MoO4 2-,) on the development of the activity displayed by amylase, urease, and glutamate-oxalacetate (GOT) in hydroponically cultivated barley during the first seven days of ontogenesis. The enzymes were studied separately in the overground and root parts of the plants. The following main conclusions can be drawn from the findings made: The amylase activity of the control plants in connection with their development diminished slightly in the overground part, while it was relatively constant in the roots. Due to the effect of certain elements tested, this activity increased pronouncedly (significant differences were confirmed in variants containing MoO4 2-, Zn2+, and Co2+). The urease level in the overground part of the control plants remained low throughout the entire experimental period and was only little influenced by the individual microelements under study (with the exception of B4O7 2-). On the other hand, the urease activity in the root system increased markedly, the B4O7 2- ions exhibiting a significantly stimulating effect. The activity of glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase (GOT) in the overground part of the control plants increased only slightly in the course of the initial development, while in the root system it grew relatively more pronouncedly. In the overground part of the plants all the microelements administered displayed a significantly depressive effect on the development of this enzyme activity; in the roots, the inhibitory action was maintained only in the last experimental period in variants with Zn2+ ions.