Participation In Day Care Research Articles

Valuing and sustaining older peoples' day care services.

Unprecedented ageing and growth of the global population of older people is predicted. Between independent and residential care, day care is an essential part of a population-based strategy to support ageing well in place. To describe experiences of older people attending day care services. Using the qualitative method, two focus groups were completed in 2018 in a region of Ireland with 12 participants. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed; grounded theory guided the subsequent analysis. Older people valued their participation in day care, describing the 'home from home' experience positively. Community nurses from the local public health nursing service played a key role in fostering and sustaining participation. National commitment to population-based age friendly environments is required to facilitate the wellbeing of a growing older demographic.

Adult Day Center Use among Older Mexican Americans with Dementia in California and Texas

Background. Dementia is one of the most common causes of disability and dependence in the world and is a frequent reason that older people require supportive living arrangements. Providing such arrangements on a broad scale will require a broad public dialogue and insights from social science, especially with respect to the neediest, who suffer from a profound gap in access to care. New and innovative social policy, in line with Recommendation #10 of the European Society of Medicine Policy Framework Reducing the Burden of Neurodegenerative Diseases in Europe and Beyond, is vital. The current study offers insights based on dementia care for Latinos in California and Texas, a population with a high incidence of the disease and few low access to resources. Objective. This study investigates how a growing number of Latino families use adult day care services. We focus on California and Texas, the two states with the largest Latino populations of Mexican origin with dual-eligible (Medicare and Medicaid) beneficiaries. Methods. We employ the 2015 Hispanic Established Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly to compare the socioeconomic characteristics of Mexican Americans 80 and over who are day care service users living with and without dementia in both states (n = 406). Logistic regressions are used to determine the likelihood of participation in adult day care programs in both states by insurance status. Results. Compared to California, restrictive income eligibility requirements in Texas limit participation in adult day care despite a higher need for care. Multivariate analyses reveal that foreign-born dual-eligibles in Texas are particularly dependent on family, to provide dementia caregiving in comparison to the native born; they do not report using adult day health services. Conclusion. The paper ends with a discussion of viable policy options for promoting equity in access to affordable and sustainable adult day health centers as well as other community-based long-term care services in Texas and California. A multi-faceted approach is necessary and must involve all levels of government, as well as private and charitable organizations.

Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on the Social-Emotional Wellbeing of Preschool Children and Their Families

In the spring of 2020, as a result of the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, many children dropped out of daycare and early education in Finland, and parents had to balance work and childcare for months. The wellbeing of families during the lockdown has been studied to some extent, but few studies have focused on children under school age. In May 2020, we sent a survey to the 82 families originally recruited in our study on supporting social-emotional development in early childhood education units, which had been interrupted by the pandemic. Twenty families responded to questionnaires about the impacts of the lockdown on the wellbeing of the children and their parents. Parents reported a decline in children’s prosocial behavior compared to the time before the pandemic and assessed that the children who stayed at home were lonelier than children who remained in daycare. Otherwise, being at home or in care was not associated with children’s physical or mental wellbeing. Parents had experienced increased mental strain and increased problems in marital relationships and the disruption of children’s participation in daycare was associated with deterioration in the parent–child relationship. Due to the small sample size, these results should be interpreted with caution.

Participation in employment and day care for adults with intellectual disabilities: Equal access for all?

The employment rate for people with intellectual disabilities is low. This study aims to increase the knowledge about the association between age, gender, diagnosis, functional level, educational level, and daily activities for adults with intellectual disabilities. A multinomial logistic analysis was applied to registry data on 12,735 adults with intellectual disabilities from the Norwegian Information System for the Nursing and Care Sector (IPLOS) and Statistics Norway (SSB). Higher likelihood of employment and day care participation were associated with younger age but differed between genders and diagnoses. High functional level and lack of a registered functional level decreased the likelihood for employment. Educational level was not associated with employment. The systematic differences in employment and day care participation among people with intellectual disabilities indicate that actions are needed to prevent inequalities. Improved individual assessment of personal resources and wishes might promote participation in employment and day care.

Parental labour supply responses to the abolition of day care fees

Abstract This paper provides evidence that low private contributions to highly subsidised day care constrain mothers from working longer hours. We study the effects of reforms that abolished day care fees in Germany on parental labour supply. The reforms removed private contributions to highly subsidised day care in the year before children enter primary school. We exploit the staggered reform across states with a difference-in-differences approach and event studies. Although participation in day care is almost universal for preschoolers, we provide evidence that the reforms increase the intensity of day care use and the working time of mothers by about 7.1 percent. Single mothers, mothers with no younger children, mothers in denser local labour markets, and highly educated mothers react most strongly. We find no evidence for labour supply responses at the extensive margin and no evidence of responses in paternal labour supply. The effects on maternal labour supply fade away by the end of primary school as mothers in the control group also gradually increase their labour supply as their children grow older.

Employment and attendance in day care centres for people with mild intellectual disabilities - do age, gender, functional level or hospital admissions matter?

Workforce inclusion is an important political goal in many countries. However, nearly 70% of Norwegians registered with mild intellectual disabilities (IDs) are not registered employed or attending in day care centres. This study investigates the association between age, gender, functional level and hospital admissions with employment or attendance in public financed, community-based day care centres for adults with mild IDs in Norway. This study is based on data from a linkage of the national population-based registries from 2013 to 2015: Statistics Norway (SSB), the Norwegian Information System for the Nursing and Care Sector (IPLOS) and the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR). The sample consisted of 2370 adults registered with a mild ID, receiving disability pension in Norway, aged 18-67years. Binary and multinomial logistic analyses, adjusted for age, gender, functional level and hospital admissions, were performed. In 2015, 45.7% and 19.6% of the samples aged 20-31 and 52-63years, respectively, were registered as employed or in day care centres. Participation in day care is a public service registered in IPLOS, which requires registration of functional level, while attendance in employment support is registered in SSB, where functional level is not registered. Compared with people registered with a high functional level, the probability of being employed or in day care centres was lower for people without registration of functional level. People with hospital admissions were less likely to be employed, especially if they had both psychiatric and somatic hospital admissions. People were less likely to attend day care and open employment only if they had a combination of both types of hospital admissions. Attendance in day care centres was less likely for men than women. Older people with mild ID, without registered functional level (meaning not receiving public community-based services) and with a history of hospital admissions were significantly less likely to be employed or participate in day care centres. The clear association between not being employed or attending day care centres and not having one's functional level registered implies there is a need for increased focus on how to enhance work participation among people with mild IDs who are not within the system of receiving public services.

Parental Labour Supply Responses to the Abolition of Day Care Fees

This paper provides evidence that low private contributions to highly subsidised day care constrain mothers from working longer hours. We study the effects of a reform that abolished day care fees in Germany on parental labour supply. The reform removed private contributions to highly subsidised day care in the year before children enter primary school. We exploit the staggered reform across states with a difference-in-differences approach and event studies. Although participation in day care is almost universal for preschoolers, we provide evidence that the reform increases the intensity of day care use and the working time of mothers by about 7.1 percent. Single mothers, mothers with no younger children, mothers in denser local labour markets, and highly educated mothers react strongest. We find no evidence for labour supply responses at the extensive margin, and no evidence of responses in paternal labour supply. The effects on maternal labour supply fade-away by the end of primary school as mothers in the control group also gradually increase their labour supply as their children grow older.

Long-Term Educational Outcomes of Child Care Arrangements in Finland

This study asks how Finnish 6-year-olds who stay at home before school start compare in educational outcomes with children who attend public day care. Earlier studies have shown that participation in public day care can enhance school performance especially among disadvantaged children. In Finland, the child home care allowance scheme supports the home care of 6-year-olds if they have a younger sibling under the age of 3 who is also not attending public day care. We used as outcome variables grade point average after compulsory school at age 15 to 16 and dichotomous variable measuring completion of further education by age 25. The study utilized data of the birth cohort 1987 ( N = 4,928). The results show that staying at home before school start is associated with poorer school performance but not with completion of further education.

Grammaticality of Preschoolers in Narratives: Considering the Influences of Bilingualism and Daycare Participation: A Retrospective and Exploratory Study

Purpose: The current retrospective and exploratory study aimed to identify the role of language experience for monolingual and bilingual preschool age children who did and did not attend daycare on...

Breastfeeding Rates in the United States by Characteristics of the Child, Mother, or Family: The 2002 National Immunization Survey

In the third quarter of 2001, the National Immunization Survey (NIS) began collecting data on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding and whether it was the exclusive method of infant feeding. Using the data from the 2002 NIS, this study estimates breastfeeding rates in the United States by characteristics of the child, mother, or family. The NIS uses random-digit dialing to survey households nationwide with children 19 to 35 months old about vaccinations and then validates the information through a mail survey of the health care providers who gave the vaccinations. In 2002, approximately 3500 households from the NIS were randomized to 1 of the 3 rotating topical modules that covered breastfeeding. More than two thirds (71.4%) of the children had ever been breastfed. At 3 months, 42.5% of infants were exclusively breastfed, and 51.5% were breastfed to some extent. At 6 months, these rates dropped to 13.3% and 35.1%, respectively. At 1 year, 16.1% of infants were receiving some breast milk. Non-Hispanic black children had the lowest breastfeeding rates. Breastfeeding rates also varied by participation in day care or the Women, Infants, and Children program, socioeconomic status, and geographic area of residence. Although the rate of breastfeeding initiation in the United States is near the national goal of 75%, at 6 and 12 months postpartum the rates of breastfeeding duration are still considerably below the national goals of 50% and 25%, respectively. In addition, rates of exclusive breastfeeding are low. Strenuous public health efforts are needed to improve breastfeeding behaviors, particularly among non-Hispanic black women and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.

Correlates of participation in adult day care and quality of life in ambulatory frail elderly in Japan.

The purpose of this study was to explore the correlates of participation in adult day care programs and the quality of life (QOL) of ambulatory frail elderly in Japan. The study was conducted through questionnaires administered to 95 elderly participants at two adult day care centers in a prefecture in Japan. Participation in adult day care had positive correlations with QOL for female participants. However, for male elderly subjects, there was no significant correlation between participation and QOL. Results imply the need for additional research on factors influencing negative self-esteem in the male elderly, including an identification of the mechanisms by which their self-esteem was affected. The reliability of the Graham Global Well-Being Scale was supported for the first time in a domestic study in Japan.

Day-Care Participation as a Protective Factor in the Cognitive Development of Low-Income Children

The impact of day-care participation during the first 3 years of life on the cognitive functioning of school age children was examined. 867 5- and 6-year-old children from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth who completed the 1986 assessment were included in the sample. The dependent measures were scores on the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) subtests of mathematics and reading recognition. In addition to day-care participation, the impact of the pattern of day-care was examined by analyzing the effect of the number of years in day-care, the timing of initiation of day-care, and type of day-care arrangement. After controlling for confounding factors, there were significant interactions between all 3 measures of day-care patterning and family income for reading recognition performance. This association was further examined by exploring the interaction between the pattern of day-care participation and the quality of the home environment. Initiation of day-care attendance before the first birthday was associated with higher reading recognition scores for children from impoverished home environments and with lower scores for children from more optimal environments. In addition, a significant interaction between the type of day-care arrangement and the quality of the home environment emerged for mathematics performance. Center-based care in particular was associated with higher mathematics scores for impoverished children and with lower mathematics scores for children from more stimulating home environments. These findings are discussed in the context of developmental risk.

Day-Care Participation as a Protective Factor in the Cognitive Development of Low-Income Children

Day-Care Participation as a Protective Factor in the Cognitive Development of Low-Income Children

Fathers' participation in day care

Day care researchers have primarily examined the roles and responsibilities of women. As a result, information about the experiences of fathers in day care is limited and less well focused. Four aspects of child care, including the location of care, fathers' type and level of involvement, and family structure, were used to organize a review of research concerning fathers' roles and involvement in day care. The following questions were considered. Where and how do fathers participate in day care? What factors encourage or discourage their participation, commitment and involvement? What effect does fathers' increased involvement in the care of children within the family have on their participation in day care? How might increased father participation in day care affect other members of the day care system? Questions such as these must be addressed before fathers’, as well as mothers’, roles and responsibilities in day care can be understood and evaluated.

Impact of Day Care on Dementia Patients–Costs, Well-being and Relatives′ Views

Forty-seven patients in psychogeriatric day centre were analysed regarding use of resources, costs and well-being. The level of well-being was based on interviews with staff and relatives and related to the economic outcome--a cost utility analysis. A 6 month period prior to day care was compared with the first 6 months in such care. The use of resources at home increased by 20% while the use of institutional care was reduced by 22%. Fifty-three percent of the patients improved in their well-being after participation in day care. When the cost of utility analysis was applied, the cost for a well-year was 4293 pounds.

Adult day care and the nursing home. The appropriateness of care in alternative settings.

Adult day-care clients are compared with nursing home applicants who were reviewed and recommended for community or institution-based care. Social, health, and service-use characteristics are contrasted in order to identify factors that distinguish adult day care from nursing home care as an appropriate placement. Socioeconomic status, severity of physical disability, living arrangement, sensory impairment, use of in-home services, and days in the hospital tend to distinguish the groups. The groups are quite similar in demographic characteristics, mental status, frequency of out-patient physician visits, and number and types of diseases. The authors outline criteria that might be used to determine appropriate placement. They also point out the need for future research in order to draw comparisons among different types of adult day-care programs and to develop predictive models for service use and continuity of participation in adult day care.