Days Of Secretion Research Articles

Incisional negative pressure wound therapy after hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures - reduction of wound complications.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) in wound healing after femoral neck fracture (FNF) treated with hip hemiarthroplasty (HA) and its influence on postoperative seromas, wound secretion, as well as time and material consumption for dressing changes. The study is a prospective randomised evaluation of iNPWT in patients with large surgical wounds after FNF. Patients were randomised either to be treated by iNPWT (group A) or a standard wound dressing (group B). Follow-up included ultrasound measurements of seroma volumes on postoperative days 5 and 10, duration of wound secretion, and time and material spent for wound dressing changes. For comparison of the means, we used the t-test for independent samples, P > 0·05 was considered significant. There were 21 patients randomised in this study. Group A (11 patients, 81·6 ± 5·2 years of age) developed a seroma of 0·257 ± 0·75 cm(3) after 5 days and had a secretion of 0·9 ± 1·0 days, and the total time for dressing changes was 14·8 ± 3·9 minutes, whereas group B (ten patients, 82·6 ± 8·6 years of age) developed a seroma of 3·995 ± 5·01 cm(3) after 5 days and had a secretion of 4·3 ± 2·45 days, and the total time for dressing changes was 42·9 ± 11·0 minutes. All mentioned differences were significant. iNPWT has been used on many different types of traumatic and non-traumatic wounds. This prospective, randomised study has demonstrated decreased development of postoperative seromas, reduction of total wound secretion days and reduction of needed time for dressing changes.

Gingival Inflammation and Interleukin‐1 β and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Alpha Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid During the Menstrual Cycle

Hormonal changes during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause may impact periodontal tissues by altering the host response. There are only a few studies that examined gingival changes during the menstrual cycle. This longitudinal and prospective study aims to investigate clinical and laboratory markers of gingival inflammation in women at different phases during their menstrual cycles. Twenty-seven females were included in this study. Subjects were given oral hygiene instructions before the study, and their plaque index scores were recorded once a week for 2 months. The duration and regularity of the menstrual cycle were also checked at the same time. The gingival index and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Probing depths were measured to assess the periodontal condition of the subjects. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected to analyze the levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on the first menstruation day (MD), estimated ovulation day (OD), and estimated predominant progesterone secretion day (PgD). These exact menstrual cycle days were determined according to serum progesterone and estradiol levels. BOP and IL-1beta levels in GCF showed significant increases from the MD to PgD under optimal plaque control. Among the 12 subjects that had premenstrual symptoms, six subjects reported oral complaints during the premenstrual period, whereas apthous lesions were more frequent during the menstruation period. These results demonstrate that the fluctuation of sex steroid hormones impact gingival inflammation during menstruation.

Pollination Drop in Juniperus communis: Response to Deposited Material

The pollination drop is a liquid secretion produced by the ovule and exposed outside the micropyle. In many gymnosperms, pollen lands on the surface of the pollination drop, rehydrates and enters the ovule as the drop retracts. The objective of this work was to study the formation of the pollination drop in Juniperus communis, its carbohydrate composition and the response to deposition of conspecific pollen, foreign pollen and other particulate material, in an attempt to clarify the mechanism of pollination drop retraction. Branches with female cones close to pollination drop secretion were collected. On the first day of pollination drop exposure, an eyelash mounted on a wooden stick with paraffin was used to collect pollen or silica gel particles, which were then deposited by contact with the drop. Volume changes in pollination drops were measured by using a stereomicroscope with a micrometer eyepiece 3 h after deposition. The volume of non-pollinated control drops was also recorded. On the first day of secretion, drops were also collected for sugar analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. The pollination drop persisted for about 12 d if not pollinated, and formed again after removal for up to four consecutive days. After pollination with viable conspecific pollen, the drop retracted quickly and did not form again. Partial withdrawal occurred after deposition of other biological and non-biological material. Fructose was the dominant sugar; glucose was also present but at a much lower percentage. Sugar analysis confirmed the general trend of fructose dominance in gymnosperm pollination drops. Complete pollination drop withdrawal appears to be triggered by a biochemical mechanism resulting from interaction between pollen and drop constituents. The results of particle deposition suggest the existence of a non-specific, particle-size-dependent mechanism that induces partial pollination drop withdrawal. These results suggest that the non-specific response may decrease the probability of pollen landing on the drop, reducing pollination efficiency.

Biochemical Differences Between Crop Tissue and Crop Milk of Pigeons (Columba livia)

Biochemical differences between crop tissue (CT) and crop milk (CM) of pigeons were evaluated in terms of activity of certain enzymes, content of protein and nucleic acids and mitogenisity in vitro. Whereas the activities of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, maltase, trehalase and cellobiase were significantly higher in CT, those of alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, acid phosphatase and lactase were greater in CM. The CM also showed significantly higher levels of protein, DNA and RNA than CT. In contrast, the in vitro mitogenic effect of CT was greater than that of CM, and this property was enhanced during the breeding period. The biochemical composition of crop milk did not differ significantly in the first 4 days of secretion. It appears that certain factors responsible for growth stimulation accumulate in the crop tissue of pigeons during incubation.

Changes in lipids of pigeon “milk” in the first week of its secretion

AbstractPigeon “milk” (PM) collected from the crop of 1‐ to 5‐day‐old squabs was analyzed to examine whether there were changes in lipid composition during the first week of secretion. The high PM fat content (9–11%) remained fairly constant in the first 5 days of secretion. The mean percentage of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids was 80, 12 and 8%, respectively. Unlike the content of neutral lipids, glycolipid and phospholipid levels increased significantly between day 1 and day 5 of secretion. Triglycerides, the major neutral lipids, decreased by 24% between day 1 and day 5, while free sterols, monoglycerides and hydrocarbons increased by 8%, 11% and 2.5%, respectively, during the same period; diglycerides and sterol esters, however, remained unchanged. The ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids was 0.27 and it remained unchanged. Medium‐chain (C10, C12 and C14) and oddchain (C15 and C17) fatty acid contents were low. Fatty acids longer than C20 were absent. Palmitic acid, the major saturated fatty acid, increased by 42% from day 1 to day 5, whereas stearic acid decreased by 48% during the same period. Oleic acid, the predominant unsaturated fatty acid, also decreased from 51 to 45% between the first and fifth day of PM secretion. Polyunsaturated acids (18∶2, 18∶3 and 20∶4) accounted for 26% and 30% of the total fatty acids on day 1 and day 5, respectively. Although lipid changes in the crop of squabs prior to collection of samples cannot totally be ruled out, the nature of lipid changes is likely to reflect cellular breakdown that precedes PM secretion by parent pigeons.

Gel electrophoretic analysis of proteins in human milk and colostrum

1. 1. Protein patterns of skim milk and fat globule phases were relatively unchanging throughout 9 months lactation, the only notable differences being a rise in lysozyme and a decline up to 6 months with increase thereafter in lactoferrin. 2. 2. Profound changes in protein patterns of the breast secretion were observed during the first week postpartum. 3. 3. True colostrum, in which peptides of sIgA dominate the protein patterns, exists for at most the 2 initial days of secretion. 4. 4. Proteins of mature milk are not coordinated to appear in the colostral secretion simultaneously. A band corresponding to α-lactalbumin is present from the initial secretion; that for β-casein emerges approximately 2 days layer.

Site of Action of Prolactin in the Suppression of Gonadotropin Secretion During Lactation in the Rat: Effect on Pituitary Responsiveness to LHRH1

The elevated levels of prolactin associated with lactation contribute significantly to the suppression of the postcastration increase in gonadotropin secretion during lactation. This study determines the effects of prolactin on pituitary responsiveness to LHRH in the rat. Blood samples were collected before administration of LHRH (100 or 500 ng) and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 mm after treatment with LHRFI. Administration of exogenous prolactin on Days 10 and 11 postpartum to females nursing two pups had no effect on basal LH or FSH secretion Day 11 or on the LH or FSH responses after LHRH administration. Whereas ovariectomy on Day 10 resulted in a significant increase in LH secretion on Day 1 1, administration of exogenous prolactin to ovariectomized lactating females significantly decreased the postcastration rise in LH without having an effect on the LH response to LHRH. The effect of endogenous prolactin secretion was studied on Day 10 postpartum in females nursing eight pups by inhibiting suckling-induced prolactin with CB-154 for 24 h before LHRH administration. The LH response after LHRH was similar in the presence or absence of elevated levels of prolactin. However, if the pups were removed for 24 h before administration of LHRH, both basal LH secretion and the response after LHRH increased to levels observed during diestrus of the estrous cycle. The effect of endogenous prolactin secretion on the postcastration rise in LH and FSH was studied on Day 8 or 17 postpartum (5 days after ovariectomy) in females nursing eight pups. The results showed that whereas suckling plus endogenous prolactin secretion almost completely blocked any postcastration rise in LH or FSH, suppression of prolactin in the presence of suckling led to a very large increase in LH and FSH. In spite of large differences in the basal rate of LH and FSH secretion, LHRH-induced LH secretion was similar in the presence or absence of prolactin. These results indicate that in intact lactating females, prolactin has no effect acutely to suppress the basal rate of gonadotropin secretion or LHRH-induced gonadotropin secretion. In ovariectomized lactating females, the elevated levels of prolactin associated with lactation suppress gonadotropin secretion but do not appear to be acting at the level of the pituitary to decrease responsiveness to LHRH, and therefore must be acting at the level of the hypothalamus.

Observations on Moulting of Fourth-Stage Larvae of Paratylenchus Nanus

Moulting of fourth-stage larvae of ParatylenchuB nanus was stimulated by apricot root secretion but the activity was lost on boiling. Dormant apricot seedlings did not produce an active secretion. The effect was on the anterior part of the nematode and 1 day in secretion was sufficient to initiate the moult. Five to 10 days after stimulation the larvae became motionless and the moult was complete bout 3 days later. Moulting took place most rapidly at about 20�0 and was not affected by pH between 4 and 7. Moulting but not stimulation was inhibited at temperatures of 25 and 30�0. Shedding of the cuticle differed from exsheathment of trichostrongyle larvae in that no refractile ring formed in the anterior part of the cuticle.