Day Of Post-treatment Research Articles

Evaluation of in vivo anthelmintic efficacy of certain indigenous plants against experimentally- induced Ascaridia galli infection in local birds (Gallus domesticus)

The present study was an attempt to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of certain indigenous plants against experimentally induced Ascaridia galli infection in local birds (Gallus domesticus). Two indigenous plants viz., Nyctanthes arbor-tristis and Butea monosperma were used based on indigenous technical knowledge (ITK) and ethno-medical uses. Three types of extracts, viz. ethanolic, hydro-ethanolic and aqueous extracts of each of the two plants were prepared and three doses at the rate of 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg were used for in vivo studies. Piperazine hydrate liquid was used as standard drug at 200 mg/kg body weight. All biochemical and haematological parameters showed a significant increase from 14th day post treatment in birds of all the groups treated with N. arbor-tristis extract at all the doses irrespective of the solvent used. However, the increase in biochemical and haematological parameters with B. monosperma was observed from 21st day of post treatment in all the groups at all the doses. Similarly, piperazine treated group also showed significant increase from 14th day of post treatment. There was significant reduction in egg output in the droppings of the birds treated with ethanolic, hydroethanolic and aqueous extracts of N. arbor-tristis and B. monosperma when compared with infected controls from 7th day onwards.

Evaluation of wound healing potential of Jatropha curcas leaf extracts ointment based on wound infection in Wistar rats model

This research study was conducted to evaluate the wound healing potential of ointment formulated with Jatropha curcas leaf extracts based on wistrar rat model. The therapeutic activities of the plant extracts were determined by topical application of the herbal ointment. Wound healing rate took place on the 16th day of post treatment with 1.0 g of J. curcas ointment formulation and 12th day with 2.0 g of the ointment, was similar compared with standard drug Gentamicin ointment (12 days). The control untreated group (62.3±0.51%) rate of wound closure observed persisted beyond the 19th day of post-wounding. The haematological parameters of the infected rats treated with herbal ointment and the control group untreated were not significant different (p>0.05). Significant increase in white blood cell (WBC) count in untreated group was recorded when compared with the treated group. However, treatment with the formulated ointments significantly increase the elevated WBC count in the treated group. The toxicological parameters in the serum of the rats are useful makers for the assessment of tissue damage. The serum Aspartate Transaminase (AST) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT) activities in the treated and untreated experimental groups were not significantly (p>0.05) different. The phytochemical components found in J. curcas leaves contain some useful potential antimicrobial agents that possess wound healing properties when formulated into a topical ointment for topical application.

Abstract 2782: Machine learning algorithm identifies key serum cytokines associated with evidence of clinical activity in patients treated with personalized immunotherapeutic platform (IGV-00)

Abstract Background: IGV-001 is a novel immunotherapy that combines irradiated, patient-derived glioblastoma tumor cells and an antisense oligonucleotide against insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IMV-001) in biodiffusion chambers (BDC). We recently reported IGV-001-treated newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients had a median progression free survival of 38.4 months compared with 8.3 months in historical standard-of-care-treated patients (P=0.0008). We have now identified key cytokines and other clinical measures that are predictive of patient outcome via serum profiling and machine learning classification. Methodology: Cytokines in sera were assayed from the day of treatment (0d), 14, 28, 42, and 150d post-treatment. Cytokines quantified included IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-17F, IFNγ, and TNFα. An overall survival cut point of 21.9 months was used to dichotomize ‘good’ vs. ‘poor’ outcomes. MATLAB® Classification Learner was used to train an “optimized tree” predictive model with a sub-population of samples. The trained model was subsequently used to predict survival classification for all patients based on cytokine and clinical data inputs Results: IL-8 showed predictive potential discerning good vs. poor outcomes. Median IL-8 sera concentrations from good (n=10) vs. poor (n=15) responders showed significant differences on 28d (good=7.42 pg/ml, poor=14.73 pg/ml, p=0.027) and 42d (good=4.56 pg/ml, poor=19.87 pg/ml, p=0.0025) compared to 0d (good=8.17 pg/ml, poor=7.42 pg/ml, p=0.8). Training the classification model, a maximum of 4 splits (“Gini’s diversity index” criterion) were possible while achieving 100% correct classification of the training dataset (n=8, good=4, poor=4). Applying the trained model on the full dataset (n=25, good=10, poor=15), resulted in 100% correct classification of patient’s actual clinical outcomes. Analysis of data distributions used by the trained model indicated key cytokine were IL-8, IL-6, and IL-17A. Conclusions: A classification model has been developed to predict long-term “good” vs. short-term “poor” outcomes of IGV-001-treated patients. In particular, we identified IL-8, IL-6 and IL-17A as key immune correlates of patient outcome as early as d14 post-treatment and sustained beyond standard of care treatment. These cytokines are known to correlate with tumor burden, validating the utility of our model. Further inclusion of data from new patients from an upcoming Phase IIb (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04485949) will be utilized to strengthen the model’s predictive capabilities and the potential identification of patient populations most likely to benefit from IGV-001 immunotherapy. Citation Format: Christopher Uhl, Jenny Zilberberg, Charles B. Scott, David W. Andrews, Mark Exley. Machine learning algorithm identifies key serum cytokines associated with evidence of clinical activity in patients treated with personalized immunotherapeutic platform (IGV-00) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2782.

Efficacy of ivermectin, fipronil and their combination against ectoparasites in the Felis catus (Cats)

Various skin diseases, allergic and hypersensitivity disorders are caused by ectoparasites. A variety of diseases causing agents are transmitted through ectoparasites. For the control and prevention of ectoparasitic infestations, different antiparasitic agents are used. The present study was designed to analyze the efficacy of ivermectin and fipronil in cats. For this purpose, 40 cats of different age and both sexes infested with ectoparasites were divided into four groups viz A, B, C and D. Cats of groups A, B and C were treated with ivermectin, fipronil, combination of ivermectin and fipronil, respectively, while group D served as control. At 7th and 15th day of post treatment, cats were examined for the presence of ectoparasites. Three milliliter of blood sample was collected before and post treatment at day 0, 7 and 15 aseptically from the jugular vein of each cat in EDTA coated vacutainers and were subjected to hematological analysis. The efficacy of insecticides was statistically analyzed and data obtained from the results. The efficacy percentage of Ivermectin was 60 and 90, fipronil, 80 and 100 while their combination showed 90 and 100 percent efficacy at the day 7th and 15th respectively. WBCs and RBCs were significantly higher at day 15th for group C. While PCV and Hb concentration were higher for group B at 15th day of study. In case of weight gain group A and C showed significant improvement over group B. It is concluded that in case of efficacy and hematology Fipronil and combination form is more effective. Keywords: EDTA; Felis catus; Hematology; Insecticides http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2019.80097

Isolation and characterization of Bacillus megaterium isolates from dead pentatomids and their insecticidal activity to Palomena prasina nymphs

Bacillus megaterium isolates, were demonstrated to be efficient biocontrol agents against the green shield bug ( Palomena prasina L., Heteroptera : Pentatomidae ). Firstly hazelnut orchards were surveyed and four B. megaterium isolates were obtained from P. prasina . The morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics of B. megaterium isolates were determined according to the standardized methodology. Additionally 16S rRNA gene sequence analyse was performed to determine the isolates. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene confirmed that isolates Sa-1, Sa-5, SAk-2 and SAkc-19 are B. megaterium , with 100% sequence homology to the type strains of B. megaterium . Effectiveness of these isolates was tested against P. prasina nymphs in laboratory, at 25±1°C and 70±5 RH. Isolates were bioassayed against nymphs and dead individuals were counted daily, following a 12 days lasting treatment. Lethal time (LT 50 and LT 90 ) values of B. megaterium isolates were calculated. LT 50 values of the two most active isolates were 1.91 and 11.18 days. The highest mortality rate was 98% obtained with the treatment of SAkc-2 isolates at concentrations of 10 8 cfu ml -1 on the 12 th day of post treatment.

Effects of commonly used chemical fertilizers on development of free-living stages of Haemonchus contortus in experimentally infected pasture.

Aim:The effects of N-P-K fertilizers in the form of urea, single super phosphate and muriate of potash on development of free-living stages of Haemonchus contortus were studied.Materials and Methods:Five parasite free experimental plots of 1 m×1 m area, each of paddy leaves (15-day-old) and an equal number of Cynodon dactylon grass were infested with about 10×104 eggs/ml phosphate buffer saline along with the application of the calculated amount of fertilizers solution. On the 10th day of posttreatment, the pasture was cut, processed, larvae recovered by Baermann method and counted, which was expressed as number of L3 per kg dry matter (DM) of pasture.Results:The average recovered population of L3 of H. contortus per kg DM varied significantly (p<0.05) between the paddy leaves (5933.57±22.718) and Cynodon grass (4861.00±22.718). When different doses of chemical fertilizer and their impact on different pasture were analyzed for control (T-1, 0-0-0 kg/ha N-P-K), the mean L3 recovery per kg DM of paddy (19512.7±50.80) was more than that of Cynodon grass (16540.9±50.80). Larvae recovery per kg DM for different pastures under treatment were in decreasing order as follows: T-2 of paddy (6981.33±50.80, 35.77%), T-2 of Cynodon (5545.38±50.80, 33.52%), T-3 of paddy (317378±50.80, 16.26%), and T-3 of Cynodon (2218.72±50.80, 13.41%) which showed significant difference (p<0.05) among the treatments. In T-4 (paddy) and T-5 (Cynodon), the average number of recovery of larvae was nil implying no significant variation (p>0.05).Conclusion:This study shown that when N-P-K fertilizers administered at recommended level, significantly reduced larval translation of H. contortus minimizing pasture infectivity for the free range grazing animals.

Pilot Study of Alternative Therapy with Minerals in Patients of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine system disorder among women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS may have enlarged ovaries that contain small collections of fluid (Follicles). Alternative therapy including natural minerals has been emerging in addition to established medical and surgical treatment for PCOS. In present non-randomized, open label pilot study, we have studied safety and effectiveness of exclusive natural mineral solution with use of reserve wellness wrapping technique in PCOS patients. Methods: A total of 20 females (10 married and 10 unmarried) who had with PCOS were enrolled in present study. Natural Mineral powder used for study consist of mixture of Bentonite Clay, Magnesium Chloride, Magnesium Sulphate, Sodium Chloride and Zinc Oxide 2%. Patients were underwent standard study procedure. Changes in hormonal level (AMH, LH, FSH, Prolactin, TSH, Insulin resistance) measured on 3rd day of menstrual cycle pre-treatment and post treatment was evaluated to assess the efficacy of study treatment. Safety was evaluated throughout study procedure by observing adverse events. Compliance to study treatment was documented on individual case report form of the patient. Results: Study results revealed that majority of hormonal level significantly changed post treatment compared to pre-treatment. LH/FSH Ratio at pre-treatment was 2.76:1, which was reduced to 1.21:1 at posttreatment (p< 0.001). Study results shown that there was statistically significant improvement in Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Prolactin, AMH, Fasting Insulin, SGPT, post treatment from the preoperative values (P < 0.05). No adverse event was reported during conduct of present study. Conclusions: Present study procedure for PCOS treatment is found safe and efficacious without any incidence of adverse events.

Clinicopathological studies of experimentally induced Nickel Chloride in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)

The present work was carried out to study the clinicopathological changes induced by nickel chloride toxicity in rats. Forty adult Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups viz. Group I, Group II, Group III and Group IV. Group I rats received only deionized water and served as control. Group II, Group III and Group IV rats were orally administered daily with nickel chloride at the dose of 5.25 mg/kg (low dose), 10.5 mg/kg (mid dose) and 21 mg/kg (high dose), respectively, for a period of 28 days. Clinical signs in rats included dullness and depression in rats of Group IV receiving high dose (21 mg/kg) of nickel chloride from 21st day of post treatment through drinking. The significant (P < 0.05) decrease in body weight was observed in rats of Group IV from day 21 onwards as compared with the control group. The relative weight of testes and kidney was significantly decreased in male rats, also relative weight of kidney was significantly decreased in female rats. All the rats exposed to nickel chloride at three different dose levels revealed dose dependant pathological changes. The pathomorphological changes comprised of varying degrees of degenerative and vascular changes in various visceral organs. The severity and distribution of such lesions were found higher in rats of group III and IV as compared to group II and control (group I) rats.

Lousicidal effect of deltamethrin in domestic pigeons.

Present study reports the effect of deltamethrin against louse infestation in domestic pigeons. In this study, twelve pigeons infested with Columbicola columbae louse were sprayed with deltamethrin (12.5%) and another twelve pigeons were kept as controlgroup. The lice intensity was reduced 89%, 98% and 100% on 1st, 7th and 14th day of post treatment in treatment group. Out of twelve pigeons, four pigeons showed sneezing and temporary ocular inflammations after spraying.

Neurobehavioral alterations and histopathological changes in brain and spinal cord of rats intoxicated with acrylamide

The aim of this project was to study the clinical manifestations, neurobehavioral, hematobiochemical, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and histopathological changes during acrylamide toxicity in rats. A total of 30 adult male Wistar rats were divided in 5 equal groups and received 0, 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg body weight acrylamide as oral gavage, while group 5 was micronucleus (MN) control. Functional observational battery (FOB) parameters were studied at the 28th day of post treatment. Toxicological manifestations were evident in acrylamide-treated rats from 14th day onward. FOB revealed a significant change in central nervous system, neuromuscular, and autonomic domains. The hematological changes include significant decrease in concentration of hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, and mean corpuscular volume. The biochemical parameters aspartate aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, and albumin showed significant increase, while the levels of serum globulin and glucose were found to decrease significantly. The MN assay revealed the significant increase in frequencies of micronuclei and number of polychromatic erythrocytes. The oxidative stress parameters revealed no significant difference as compared to control rats. Histopathological changes observed in brain include neuronal degeneration, edema, and congestion, while spinal cord revealed demyelination in low-dose group and bilateral necrosis with malacia, liquefaction of white matter, and loss of myelin from gray matter in high-dose groups. The result indicates pathological alterations in brain and spinal cord and is responsible for neurobehavioral changes in rats. The FOB changes and histopathological alterations in spinal cord are in dose dependent to acrylamide intoxication. Various toxicological effects observed in experiment direct us to focus on a deep study and evaluate the possible causes pertaining to toxicity of this chemical. It would furnish the scientists with better options that would help them to search for a median path regarding the use of this chemical and take preventive measures to save the living beings from the hidden disasters of this chemical.

Implication of C-reactive protein in development and prognosis of acute lower limb deep venous thrombosis complicated by malignant tumor

Objective To investigate the implication of C-reactive protein in development and prognosis of acute lower limb deep venous thrombosis (DVT) complicated by malignant tumor.Methods 34patients with acute lower limb DVT complicated by malignant tumor (observation group),34 patients with acute lower limb DVT complicated by operation or wound (case control group) and 34 normal volunteers (normal control group) were included in this study.The observation group and case control group were treated with conventional therapy such as thrombolysis and anticoagulation.The serum concentrations of CRP before treatment and 14 days after treatment were detected. Recanalization of lower limb DVT and therapeutic efficacy were compared between observation group and case control group.Results The serum concentrations of CRP in observation group before treatment were significantly higher than those in case control group and normal control group [(47.72±29.88) mg/L vs (30.04±15.84) mg/L and (6.19±2.99) mg/L,F =38.444,P ＜ 0.01].At the 14th day of post-treatment,the serum CRP concentrations in observation group and case control group were significantly lower than those before treatment (P ＜0.05).At the 14th day of post-treatment,the CRP concentrations of observation group and case control groups were significantly decreased,although those of observation group were still significantly higher than those of case control group and normal control [(32.77±19.68) mg/L vs (7.76±7.52) mg/L and (6.19±2.99) mg/L,F =50.087,P ＜ 0.01].However,there was no significant difference between case control group and normal control group on the 14th day of post-treatment (F =1.277,P =0.263).The recanalization rate of observation group at the 14th day of post-treatruent were significantly lower than those in case control group (x2 =7.731,P =0.021).The therapeutic effect rate of observation group at the 14th day of post-treatment were also significantly lower than those in case control group (x2 =6.969,P =0.031).Conclusion CRP may play important roles in occurrence,development and therapeutic effect of acute lower limb DVT complicated by malignant tumor. Key words: C-reactive protein; Venous thrombosis; Treatment outcome

Acute MDMA administration alters the distribution and circadian rhythm of wheel running activity in the rat

Ecstasy users report a number of adverse events following use including disturbed sleep. Previous research has suggested that MDMA affects the circadian system, however, the acute effects following a single, moderate dose have not been well characterised. The current study investigated how MDMA affected the circadian system, as measured by the amount and temporal distribution of wheel-running activity in male rats ( n = 90), housed individually under a 12–12 h light–dark (LD) cycle prior to treatment. MDMA (5 or 10 mg/kg) or saline was administered in a single i.p. injection during the light phase of the LD cycle and post-treatment activity was monitored during subsequent LD cycles (Experiment 1), or under constant darkness (Experiment 2). MDMA treatment disrupted wheel running activity in both experimental paradigms. In Experiment 1, 10 mg/kg MDMA significantly increased the amount of activity during the rest phase on the day of treatment and 1-day post treatment. This was accompanied by a change in the distribution of activity across the LD cycle during the first 24 h period after treatment, without a change in the overall daily activity level. Experiment 2 found that MDMA affected the circadian system as reflected by changes in the duration of the active phase, tau and activity offset. As a single dose of MDMA was able to disrupt the circadian rhythmicity of locomotor activity, this finding has implications for other behaviours that are under circadian control including the sleep/wake cycle.

Role of Polyherbal formulation in modulating rumen biochemical and growth performance parameters in Calves

The present study was conducted at Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, PGIVAS, Akola, Livestock Instructional Farm, with an objective to study the comparative efficacy of the herbal rumen ecology modulator Ruchamax and AV/RMF/16 (supplied by Ayurvet Limited, Baddi, India) on rumen biochemical and growth related parameter in calves. Total twenty one healthy calves were selected randomly divided into three treatments (T1, T2 and T3) comprised of seven calves in each group (n=7). T1 served as control, T2 calves treated with AV/RMF/17@ 1.5 kg/ tone of feed for 45 days and T3 calves treated with Ruchamax @1 kg/ tone of feed for 45 days. The rumen biochemical, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio parameters were done on 0, 15, 30and 45 day of post treatment. It was observed that supplementation of polyherbal formulation significantly improved rumen liquor profile, physical properties of rumen liquor and rumen biochemical parameters. However, growth performance data revealed significantly better efficacy of AV/RMF/17 than Ruchamax.

The effect of PMSG on ovarian function in ovarian quiescent heifers.

Twenty Holstein heifers with ovarian quiescence were assigned to 4 treatment groups. Heifers of Groups I (n=6), II (n=6), III (n=5) and IV (n=3) were treated with a single intramuscular injection of 500, 1, 000, 2, 000 and 4, 000 IU of PMSG, respectively. Ovarian changes were inspected by rectal palpation after the treatment. Changes of plasma estradiol-17β(E2) and progesterone (P) levels in the peripheral blood plasma were examined by radioimmunoassay in 5 of the heifers. E2 level increased sharply and reached a peak 2 days after the treatment. 0vulation was induced 2-4 days after the treatment in 18 heifers (90%) except in 2 heifers of Group I. Three types of corpus luteum (CL) developed after the induced ovulation: hypoplastic and short-lived, well developed but short-lived, and well developed and normal life-spanned. The CL were accompanied by an obvious elevation of blood P level. Second ovulation occurred spontaneously in 6 heifers (30%) 8-22 days after the induced ovulation. Many follicles grew in some heifers of Group II and most heifers of Groups III and IV, accompanied by high E2 peak on the 7th day of posttreatment. It was indicated that PMSG stimulated the growth, maturation and active E2 secretion of follicle and induced the ovulation in ovarian quiescent heifers. It was suspected too that the increased E2 triggered the ovulatory luteinizing hormone surge so that ovulation occurred subsequently.

Comparative efficacy of Neem leaves and Ivermectin (Ivomec®) against ectoparasites in calves

The experiment was carried out for 28 days from August to September 2007 to investigate the efficacy of Ivermectin and Neem plants against ectoparasites in calves. Effect of Ivermectin and Neem plants on certain blood parameters hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TEC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were studied in calves. A total of 15 calves were examined for the presence of ticks by physical examination and were divided into three equal groups as, Group A (infected control group), Group B (treated with Neem) and Group C (treated with Ivermectin). The therapeutic efficacy of Ivermectin was 100% against ectoparasites in calves on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 after the treatment of Ivermectin. Ivermectin and Neem showed significant effectiveness at 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of post treatment. The effects on TEC, Hb level was increased significantly at 7th, 14th and 28th day of treatment and PCV level was increased significantly on 28th day of treatment. On the other hand indigenous medicinal plant Neem leaves shown the efficacy of 68% at day 28 and body weight of Ivermectin and Neem treated calves also increased. All the calves after Ivermectin injection and Neem spray remained healthy, no adverse effect and calves appetite increased, growth and coat color improved rapidly. Keywords: Ivermectin; Neem; Ectoparasites; Haemoglobin DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4802 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 73-78, 2009