Dawn Time Research Articles

DIY photometer in determining the beginning of dawn time in Cimahi City

DIY photometer in determining the beginning of dawn time in Cimahi City

Fajar Shodiq Dalam Pandangan Mufassir Modern-Kontemporer Telaah Waktu Shalat Subuh

The definition of dawn shodiq that has been understood so far is the scattering of light on the eastern horizon, starting to become bright towards morning when the sun is -20 degrees below the eastern horizon. Fajr shodiq is a sign of the beginning of the dawn prayer time. Fajr is one of the five daily obligatory prayers which is a spiritual obligation for Muslims. The discourse on dawn shadiq and the beginning of Fajr time has emerged in at least the last eight years. Especially when some Muslim communities driven by Qiblati began to observe the dawn of sadiq in a number of places in the provinces of East Java, Central Java and the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Qiblati publishes the results physically and electronically. Qiblati claims that the start of dawn time in Indonesia is too fast, namely between 12 and 24 minutes compared to when shadiq dawn begins to be observed. If this Qiblati opinion is correlated with the position of the Sun, it is found that the beginning of Fajr time according to Qiblati occurs when the height of the Sun is between minus 17° to minus 14°

The Spirit of Tolerance in Determining the Time of Dawn According to Indonesian Classical Scholars in Malay-Nusantara

This study traces the spirit of tolerance of 5 Malay-Nusantara scholars about conception or early standards of dawn (Subuh). The five figures are Ahmad Khatib Minangkabau (d. 1334 H/1915 AD), Muhammad Mukhtar bin 'Atharid Bogor (d. 1349 H/1930 AD), Hasan bin Yahya Jambi (d. 1940 AD), and Muhammad Thahir Jalaluddin (d. 1376 H/1956 AD). Of the 5 figures, four of them set the standard of the beginning of Subuh time 19 degrees, while one figure namely Sheikh Muhammad Thahir Jalaluddin set 20 degrees. This 20-degree standard is commonly used by Muslims in the Southeast Asian region today. Eventhough they disagreed in some aspects, but they aprreciated the different methods they used, but they had the same goal

The Determination of Dawn Time through Image Processing Camera

Determining the early time prayer is very fundamental for Muslims as it directly relates to the legal requirements of prayer. Prayers are not performed whenever we want, but rather there is a determination of the beginning and end of the prayer time as a guideline for Muslims to carry it out. The Indonesia government sets standards for Muslims to perform the dawn prayer service, by precisely determining the degree of the emergence of the dawn of Sadiq by -200. This study aims to compare the determination of the government's dawn time using different sensors, specifically drone cameras as image sensors. Drones were chosen due to their several advantages. The data generated by the drone is in the form of photos, which are subsequently processed using digital image processing software, called image-J. The data obtained are in the form of mean and standard deviation. All data collected in 1 day is recorded using Excel to form a graph of data which is then carried out by a polynomial approach to find out the cutoff point as the beginning of the dawn of Sadiq which indicates the start of dawn. The method used in this research is using the 4th order polynomial approach and the Sarrus method and the data obtained is the mean value and standard deviation. The conclusions obtained in the image analysis research are that the government's dawn time is 15 minutes too fast, the standard obtained in this study is -14.98° and unlike 2D SQM data, 3D drone data results in more accurate data analysis.

Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Profetik Melalui Program Semangat Subuh Di SMK Muhammadiyah Kajen

The purpose of Islamic education is the containment of certain values that view the Islamic religion which in its realization is realized by having an Islamic personality who believes and fears God Almighty, has a noble, healthy, and knowledgeable nature. This is contrary to the current reality of moral degradation so that educational institutions need to strive to live prophetic values through building a school culture based on these prophetic values. In the process of collecting data, the author made observations and interviews with related parties. This research uses qualitative methods as research methods. Based on the results of research conducted by researchers at SMK Muhammadiyah Kajen, that SMK Muhammadiyah Kajen has a school culture called the Spirit of Subuh. The Spirit of Subuh program at SMK Muhammadiyah Kajen is an implementation of prophetic values in everyday life. The congregational Fajr Spirit Movement has a noble goal, which is to get used to a healthy life spiritually and physically. The choice of dawn time was chosen because at that time we have the best energy. Through this program, the school wants to shape the Islamic character of its students. One of the methods chosen is through morning prayers performed in congregation. The Semangat Subuh program is also one of the efforts to realize the school's vision, which is to produce Islamic, competent, and outstanding graduates. This concept of example is found in the Qur'an Surah Al-Ahzab verse 21 Therefore, the teacher as the successor of the struggle of the Prophet should be an example for his students. Exemplary and habituation in education is one of the important factors that can determine success in prophetic values.

Utilization of the male dormitory's free time to recite the Koran at the Darul Kamal Islamic Boarding School

It is not surprising that the Arab community adorns the speed of time with the flash of a sword, al-waqt Ka al-saif fa in lam taqtha "hau gatha' aka (time is like a sword if you don't use it, it will cut you)." Meanwhile, quoting from a personal devotional book in the summary of 5000 Pearls that we must be vigilant and careful about the rotating wheel of time because if we are complacent it will be crushed. By seeing how important the value of time is and how great God's grace is hidden in it. The Qur'an pays great attention to the problem of time seen from various angles and various forms of personification. Allah swears at the beginning of certain chapters in the Qur'an by using certain phases of time such as wal laili wan nahari (by the night and day), wal fajr (by the time of dawn), wad dhuha (by the time of Duha), and walashr (by the time of dawn). asr time).

DEVELOPMENT OF ASTRO TIME ISLAMIC PRAYER SCHEDULE APPLICATION AND ALTITUDE CORRECTION TEST

The tool for calculating prayer times continues to develop. Likewise, there are several different formulas for calculating prayer times, both with the addition of altitude correction and without altitude correction. This article uses the prayer time formula which takes into account altitude corrections into an application called Islamic Astro Time which uses Matlab programming with solar data from the astronomical algorithms formula by Jean Meeus. This article is an experimental qualitative with descriptive analysis. This article finds that the calculation of prayer times in the Islamic Astro Time application using varying altitude levels results in different times. The difference in results starts from 2 minutes at a building height of 250 meters to more than 2 minutes depending on the level of height. The higher the position of the person praying, the greater the difference between the start of the prayer and the lower place. So that every Muslim who wants to pray must pay attention to the altitude correction factor with the sun's position approaching the horizon, namely the time of dawn, late dawn (ṭulū'), maghrib, and evening prayers.

Standardisation of Units for Assessment of Adult Disease Vector Density under Vector Control Programmes in India

Vector density is one of the most frequently used monitoring parameters of entomological surveillance under any vector control programme. Vector control applications are guided by the density of vectors or their abundance in different seasons and settings. The vectors of different common vector-borne diseases viz. malaria, filaria, kala-azar, dengue, chikungunya, Zika and Japanese Encephalitis (JE) have different bionomics. Scientists, researchers, and public health entomologists of various research institutes and programmes are engaged in studying vector bionomics through vector surveillance activities. The most common parameter used to estimate the density of vector and non-vector species of both mosquitoes and flies is the collection of species in a given unit of time. In the malaria control programme, it started as a collection of resting vector mosquitoes at a specified time of dawn and dusk. These are expressed in a number of forms viz. ‘per man hour’, ‘per ten man hour’ and ‘ten man hour’ to ascertain the level of vector population and its increasing or decreasing trend with climatic factors which may be correlated with the active transmission of the disease. The minimum level of density at which active transmission was evidenced has been termed as ‘critical density’. Various vector species have different critical densities. Many other parameters are used to estimate vector or non-vector populations but such different units may often lead to confusion among the field functionaries. This article describes the significance of ‘per man-hour density’, the methodology which has been in practice for ages and the statistical method for its calculation. To avoid misconception, it should be understood that the density expressed for a particular species is the ‘differential density’ and not the absolute density.

Preferensi Perubahan Awal Waktu Subuh pada Komunitas Masjid

The Qur'an and Sunnah do not provide digital time specifications other than providing natural signs such as sunset as the beginning of the Maghrib prayer time and sunrise as the beginning of the Fajr prayer time. In modern times, the determination of prayer has used a digital system, so that prayer times are determined based on the rotation of time in a 24-hour circle. For example, the Fajr time for the Padang City area as of January 2021 and the previous year, the majority is at 05.00 WIB. Meanwhile, the results of the latest research found that at 05.00 it was not yet dawn so that Muslims prayed Fajr outside the specified time. This study uses the Falakiah approach, which aims to explore the response of the community and mosque community in the city of Padang to the change in the dawn time which has been going on since March 2021. The research data will be analyzed through reduction, display, and verification techniques. The results of the study show that there are those who accept that there is a fatwa from MUI and the government and there are still doubts because they follow the Muhammadiyah calendar of West Sumatra.

Penentuan Awal Waktu Subuh Menggunakan Kamera DSLR dan Metode Moving Average

The existence of technology, especially optics and digital, that can be used with similar settings anywhere so it can be implemented by anyone and become a new standard for the determination and visual view of early dawn time seen in the field. Digital cameras could take periodically so that they can produce a series of images according to time and show the difference in the sky when the transition of dawn time and be an option for the beginning of dawn time in the world evidentiary. The results of this study showed that there was a difference at the beginning of dawn time according to the Ministry of Religion with the results of processed imagery using the MA method. The results of the imagery successfully showed the beginning of the change in the sky at dawn with the appearance of a significant change in pixel value. This study found that the initial results of dawn time on the observation date were at the time of the sun at a dip of -17° 07' 12". The observations using SQM with data processing using the MA method also gave the same results as image processing from DSLR cameras

Disclosure of Ijtihad: The Changes of the Early Time of Dawn as a Sharia and Science Integration Effort

This article elaborates how ijtihad to changes in the dawn as an effort to integrate sharia and science. With a bibliographic qualitative research method, the author wants to describe how the early dawn changes have been used as guidelines for Muslims. Fajr's schedule has been considered too fast so that it is not in line with the provisions of the texts and the findings of modern science. Muhammadiyah, in its ijtihad, responded openly by making changes to the previous decision compared to the Ministry of Religion and Nadhatul Ulama, which remained in the previous formulation. The study results concluded that reviewing the dawn error at Muhammadiyah had begun in 2016 until it reached maturity in 2020. The results were confirmed at the 31st Tarjih National Conference in 2021 and by the Muhammadiyah Central Executive on March 20, 2021. Effective starting from January 2021, together with the publication of the Muhammadiyah calendar. The Sun's height is the initial criterion for the dawn of time from the original -200. After review, it becomes -180. This change in criteria implies a delay of the early dawn of about eight minutes from the previous one. This change was made to combine aspects of sharia and science with an integrated approach of Bayani, Irfani, and Burhani, considering the benefit of the community.

Effects of different photoperiods on flower opening, flower closing and circadian expression of clock-related genes in Iris domestica and I. dichotoma.

The circadian clock can entrain to forced light-dark cycles by adjusting the phases and periods of flower opening and closing in ephemeral flowers. The responses of circadian rhythms to the same light conditions differ from species. However, the differences in internal genetic mechanisms underlying the different responses between species remain unclear. Iris domestica and I. dichotoma have ephemeral flowers and significantly divergent flower opening and closing times. The effects of different photoperiods (continuous darkness, 4L20D, 8L16D, 12L12D, 16L8D, 20L4D and continuous white light) on flower opening and closing, and expression patterns of seven genes (CRYPTOCHROME 1, PHYTOCHROME B, LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL, PSEUDO RESPONSE REGULATOR 95, PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4-like, SMUX AUXIN UP RNA 64-like and senescence-associated gene 39-like) involved in the circadian regulation of flower opening and closing were compared between I. domestica and I. dichotoma. Flower opening and closing in the two species exhibited circadian rhythms under continuous darkness (DD), but showed arrhythmia in continuous white light (LL). In the two species, keeping robust rhythms, strong synchronicity, rapid progressions of flower opening and closing and reaching full opening stage required a dark period longer than 4h. In light-dark cycles with dark periods longer than 4h, flower opening and closing times of the two species delayed with the delay of dawn, and the degree to which flower opening time varies with the time of dawn was greater in I. dichotoma than in I. domestica. The arrhythmia of flower opening and closing under 20L4D and LL would result from the arrhythmic output signals rather than arrhythmia of oscillators and photoreceptors. The different responses of the two species to the change of photoperiods would be caused by the transcriptional differences of genes in the output pathway of circadian clock system rather than in the input pathway or oscillators.

A dominant mutation in β-AMYLASE1 disrupts nighttime control of starch degradation in Arabidopsis leaves.

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves possess a mechanism that couples the rate of nighttime starch degradation to the anticipated time of dawn, thus preventing premature exhaustion of starch and nighttime starvation. To shed light on the mechanism, we screened a mutagenized population of a starvation reporter line and isolated a mutant that starved prior to dawn. The mutant had accelerated starch degradation, and the rate was not adjusted to time of dawn. The mutation responsible led to a single amino acid change (S132N) in the starch degradation enzyme BETA-AMYLASE1 (BAM1; mutant allele named bam1-2D), resulting in a dominant, gain-of-function phenotype. Complete loss of BAM1 (in bam1-1) did not affect rates of starch degradation, while expression of BAM1(S132N) in bam1-1 recapitulated the accelerated starch degradation phenotype of bam1-2D. In vitro analysis of recombinant BAM1 and BAM1(S132N) proteins revealed no differences in kinetic or stability properties, but in leaf extracts, BAM1(S132N) apparently had a higher affinity than BAM1 for an established binding partner required for normal rates of starch degradation, LIKE SEX FOUR1 (LSF1). Genetic approaches showed that BAM1(S132N) itself is likely responsible for accelerated starch degradation in bam1-2D and that this activity requires LSF1. Analysis of plants expressing BAM1 with alanine or aspartate rather than serine at position 132 indicated that the gain-of-function phenotype is not related to phosphorylation status at this position. Our results strengthen the view that control of starch degradation in wild-type plants involves dynamic physical interactions of degradative enzymes and related proteins with a central role for complexes containing LSF1.

Image processing analysis to determine fajr time using the imagej application

The issue of determining the time of prayer is very fundamental because it is one of the pillars so that the worship of a Muslim is accepted. The government has set a standard for carrying out the dawn prayer, namely by determining the degree of appearance of the dawn of shodiq at -20 degrees. This study aims to compare the initial determination of the government's dawn time using different sensors, namely drones as image sensors, drones were chosen because they have several advantages. The resulting data is in the form of photos and then the photo data is processed using digital image processing software, namely imagej. The data from imagej processing are in the form of mean and standard deviation, all data are then recapitulated using Microsoft excel and plotted so as to form data which is then carried out by a polynomial approach to determine the cutoff point as an early indicator of the entry of dawn. The method used in this study is using a qualitative analysis method with a polynomial 5 approach. The conclusion obtained in this study is that the government's dawn time is 21 minutes faster, the standard used in this study is a DIP of -13.95 degrees and unlike the 2D SQM. 3D drone data results in more accurate data analysis and is not easy to manipulate because it can be verified with photo data.

The Analysis of Mental and Physical Structure of Dawn Poetry: “Time Celebrated Rooster’s Crowing”

The purpose of this study is to describe the inner and physical structure of the poem "Fajr: Time Celebrated by Chicken crowing" by Ahmad Nasrullah using structural studies. This poem is thick with social, moral, and religious values that need to be understood and implemented in everyday life. The method used in this study uses descriptive qualitative. The data source used is every diction which contains structural and mental elements and physical poem "Dawn: Time Celebrated Chicken crowing". Data collection techniques used are library studies with interactive analysis techniques, which include data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of the analysis of the poem entitled "Fajr: Time Celebrated by Chicken crowing" it was found that the inner element was the theme of excess dawn time. The poet is concerned about those who do not take advantage of the dawn, while the message is to make good use of the dawn time. Then, the physical element of the poem is the choice diction which is to make good use of the dawn time. Then, the physical element of the poem is the choice diction which is able to tag the reader. The imagery contained in the poem is the image of motion, temperature, vision, while the majes found are personification and hyperbole with rhythm and rhythm in the form of internal sound patterns that are elements of repetition and equality of sound, be it consonants or vowels. In addition, the typography used is modern poetry.

The sound of logging: Tropical forest soundscape before, during, and after selective timber extraction

Over half of the world's tropical forests are used for timber extraction by selective logging. Even though these forests are degraded to a variable degree, they are still important for tropical forest biodiversity. It is not yet known how biodiversity is impacted during and immediately after logging, and how fast it recovers. Here, we use ecoacoustics, and specifically the recording and analysis of soundscape dawn time series, to monitor the immediate impact and early recovery of biodiversity after selective logging. We describe the results of capturing a dawn time series of soundscapes in a Bornean tropical lowland forest before, during, and after selective logging. Soundscape saturation, which is correlated with the number of different calls that make up the soundscape, dropped significantly immediately after selective logging was carried out. The reduced saturation was mostly due to the loss of bird vocalizations, whereas insects did not seem to be impacted. In a space-for-time recording from the same area, soundscape saturation during the equivalent time of day recovered after one year, however began to drop again in years 2 and 3 after logging. Our results are suggestive of a strong effect of logging and seasonality on tropical forest soundscapes. Being able to track biodiversity changes and recovery over time in tropical forests managed for timber production can ultimately improve our odds of avoiding more species extinctions, by providing evidence-based recommendations on how much time forests need to recover biodiversity.

Filling a longstanding knowledge gap: Population size and conservation status of the Endangered Gaoligong hoolock Gibbon (Hoolock tianxing) in Houqiao Town, Yunnan

We presented the result of a systematic survey on the population size and distribution of the Endangered Gaoligong hoolock gibbon (Hoolock tianxing) in Houqiao Town, Tengchong City, Yunnan Province of China. A total of 15–18 individuals of H. tianxing in 5–6 gibbon groups and one solitary gibbon were recorded during the survey conducted in November 2019. The mean group size was 2.8 individuals (range 2–4) with a population density of 0.32–0.39 groups/km2. All groups contained an adult pair, and one or two immatures were observed in all but two. Mean dawn time was 07:21 h during the survey, and most vocalizations were produced between 1.0 and 2.5 h after dawn (75% of total song bouts), with an average song bout duration of 22.5 min (n = 12). Our result revealed that the Houqiao subpopulation of H. tianxing is of high conservation significance, since it is one of the largest subpopulations for the species in China and occurs in an unprotected area. The Houqiao forest is subjected to frequent human disturbance and the thriving agroforestry activity is degrading the forest integrity. Immediate conservation interventions are needed to safeguard the future of this important gibbon subpopulation. Discussions on the major threats to the species and relevant conservation recommendations are provided.

اثری بر علیه خواب: نوای خروس همهدانی

عبد الوهاب همدانی از جمله منقبه نویسندگان مولوی است. در منابع کلاسیک ، علاوه بر اثر وی به نام ثواقب المناقب، ذکر شده است که آثار دیگری نیز وجود دارد. در بین این آثار ، اثر منثور به نام نوای خروس برای محتوای آن دارای اهمیت است. طبق روایت موجود در کار؛ این شاعر که شاهد صحبت یک مؤذن و خروس بود ، آنچه شنید و می خواست نمونه ای از یک درس را به دوستان خود ارائه دهد. گفتگویی که مؤذن و خروس با یکدیگر برای بیدار کردن افراد خوابیده داشتند با استفاده از اشعار همدانی و همچنین اشعار منتقل شده از شاعران مختلف غنی می شود. این قابل درک است که این گفتگو از زمان امساك تا طلوع آفتاب ادامه داشته است. شاعر احتمالاً تصمیم به نوشتن چنین اثری برای تشویق اخوان برای نماز صبح گرفت. این مقاله برای بررسی محتوای نوای خروس و معرفی متن اثر با یادداشت ها به دنیای دانش نوشته شده است.

Brief light exposure at dawn and dusk can encode day-length in the neuronal network of the mammalian circadian pacemaker.

The central circadian pacemaker in mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), is important for daily as well as seasonal rhythms. The SCN encodes seasonal changes in day length by adjusting phase distribution among oscillating neurons thereby shaping the output signal used for adaptation of physiology and behavior. It is well-established that brief light exposure at the beginning and end of the day, also referred to as "skeleton" light pulses, are sufficient to evoke the seasonal behavioral phenotype. However, the effect of skeleton light exposure on SCN network reorganization remains unknown. Therefore, we exposed mice to brief morning and evening light pulses that mark the time of dawn and dusk in a short winter- or a long summer day. Single-cell PER2::LUC recordings, electrophysiological recordings of SCN activity, and measurements of GABA response polarity revealed that skeleton light-regimes affected the SCN network to the same degree as full photoperiod. These results indicate the powerful, yet potentially harmful effects of even relatively short light exposures during the evening or night for nocturnal animals.

Tinjauan Filologi Kritis Manuskrip Al-Minhaj Al-Qowim Syarh Al-Muqadimah Al-Hadramiyyah Fasl Fi mawaqiti as-salati

This paper aims to examine the book titled al-Minhaj al-Qowim Syarh al-Muqadimah al-Hadramiyyah in the article of fi mawaqiti as-salah on the basis of philological work which includes edits, transliteration, and translation of texts. This paper also aims to explore the meaning of the text using the speech act theory. In studying the text in philology, researchers use the standard edition single manuscript method. The translation method used is the literal method and the free method. In reviewing the meaning of the text, the researcher uses the speech act theory formulated by J. L. Austin including locution, illocution and perlocution. The results of this study are (1) In editing the text, the researcher found several errors in grammatical level, especially morphologically and the vowel error. (2) The text gives messages about the importance of praying at the beginning of time, some strict requirements about being allowed to end the time of prayer, (3) Prompts to pray at the beginning of time, both salat al-zuhr: midday, salat al-'asr: the late part of the afternoon, salat al-maghrib: just after sunset, salat al-'isha: between sunset and midnight (with notes), and salat al-fajr: dawn, (4) Invitations to hasten the implementation of salat al-maghrib, bearing in mind that the time interval between salat al-maghrib and salat al-'isha is very close together, especially in his explanation he also explained about the time that is forbidden in carrying out salat al-maghrib. (5) Regarding the salat al-'isha, he (Abdul Malik) invites Muslims to make two choices that are equally good, first: performing the evening prayer at the beginning of time, bearing in mind that the best practice is the prayer at the beginning of time, and second: carrying out the evening prayer in one-third of the night as described in a hadith, and (6) Inviting the audience / Muslims to perform the Fajr prayer at the beginning of time, given that the end of the salat al-fajr time is not the arrival of the salat al-zuhr but from the sunrise, and the dawn time is very short.