Davos Assessment Of Cognitive Biases Scale Research Articles

Reliability and Validity of the Turkish versions of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) and Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQp)

Reliability and Validity of the Turkish versions of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) and Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQp)

Validation of a modified Chinese-language version of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (MCL-DACOBS) in a sample of Chinese patients with schizophrenia.

The Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) is widely used to assess cognitive biases in patients who have schizophrenia. However, the lack of a modified Chinese-language version of the DACOBS (MCL-DACOBS) precludes Chinese schizophrenic patients from treatment aimed at normalizing cognitive biases, impacting their prognosis. Here, we aimed to produce a DACOBS for China and test the validity and reliability of the resultant MCL-DACOBS. Eighteen researchers collaborated to develop the MCL-DACOBS: A total of 15 researchers modified and translated the English version of the DACOBS, 1 native-English-speaking researcher back-translated the scale, and 2 Chinese sinologists localized and optimized the language of the MCL-DACOBS. Forty-two volunteers checked the scale items' comprehensibility, and the two sinologists performed further localization and optimization based on their feedback. The final version of the MCL-DACOBS used in this study was thus derived from the harmonized English-language version of the scale. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were used to examine the best latent structure of the MCL-DACOBS. Cronbach's α and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to check the reliability. The discriminative ability of the MCL-DACOBS was assessed according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The CFA showed that all items loaded onto factors with loadings >0.400. A two-factor structure showed a good model fit (root mean square error of approximation=.018, Tucker-Lewis index=.978, comparative fit index=.984). Promax rotation demonstrated that each item had a high factor load (0.432-0.774). Cronbach's α coefficient and ICC for the MCL-DOCABS were .965 and .957, respectively, indicating that the scale has ideal reliability. The MCL-DACOBS has good validity and good reliability, and its psychometric properties indicate that it is a valid tool for measuring cognitive biases in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.

Self-reported cognitive biases in psychosis: Validation of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) in a Spanish sample of psychotic patients and healthy controls

Cognitive biases have been demonstrated to be important in developing and maintaining psychosis. However, self-report measures for everyday clinical practice have been developed only recently. We aimed to study one of these instruments for assessing cognitive biases: the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS).In a Spanish sample of 84 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and 152 healthy controls, we examined a) the factor structure using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to test the original one-, three- and seven-factor solutions, b) the reliability (Cronbach's alpha), c) the discriminative power (Multivariate Analysis of Covariance - MANCOVA) and d) the relationships of cognitive biases with positive psychotic-like experiences (PPLEs) in healthy individuals and with psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia-spectrum patients.The CFA revealed that the seven-factor solution achieved the best fit. The DACOBS overall scale (Cronbach's alpha = .92) and subscales obtained good internal consistencies. MANCOVA, controlling for age and education, demonstrated that all subscales differentiated between healthy controls and psychotic patients (Wilks' Lambda = 0.87; F7, 226 = 4.70; p < .000; partial eta squared = 0.13). In addition, the DACOBS showed high correlations with PPLEs (controls) and moderate correlations with positive and general symptoms (patients), demonstrating its predictive validity.Concluding, the DACOBS proved to be a psychometrically suitable instrument for assessing cognitive biases in psychosis and adequately differentiated between patients and healthy individuals within the Spanish population. Norm scores are provided.

Validation of the Italian version of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) in a sample of schizophrenia spectrum disorder patients and healthy controls.

Recently two instruments were developed to address the study of the cognitive biases in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD): the Cognitive Biases Questionnaire for Psychosis (CBQ-P) and the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS). Aim of this study was to validate the Italian version of the DACOBS. We investigated factor structure, reliability, discriminative and convergent validity of the instrument by comparing to the CBQ-P in an Italian sample of 102 patients diagnosed with SSD and 330 healthy controls (HC), matched by age, education and gender. The second-order seven-factor solution provided the best results among the four models tested. Reliability proved to be very satisfactory, with ω coefficient ranged from 0.75 for Jumping to conclusions to 0.89 for Safety Behavior. The Italian version of DACOBS could discriminate psychosis from HC (Wilks' Lambda=0.64, F=34.284, p<0.001; h2=0.364). All seven DACOBS subscales were significantly correlated with the CBQ-P subscales (total sample: r=0.331-0.707; SSD group: r=0.424-0.735; HC group: r=0.177-0.460). The Italian version of DACOBS is a valid instrument for measuring cognitive biases for patients with psychosis, confirming previous results regarding the psychometric properties of the tool.

Development of the French version of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale in a non-clinical sample of young adults.

In accordance with continuum and cognitive behaviour models of psychosis, cognitive biases precede the onset and the maintenance of positive symptoms. The Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS), a self-report measure, was developed to explore the prevalence of specific cognitive biases. This study aims to validate the French version of this instrument. We first translated the English version of the DACOBS into French. Then, using a sample of 213 French speaking young adults (mean age=20.54, SD=1.65; 83% females), we examined the factor structure, internal consistency, concurrent, and convergent validities of the current version. We found an 18-item, four-factor version of the French DACOBS comprising external attribution bias (five items), social cognition problems (five items), subjective cognition problems (five items), and safety behaviours (five items), provided best fit-to-data. Internal consistency for the resulting subscales ranged from acceptable to excellent (Cronbach's α range=.62-.86). All subscales were significantly, positively associated with a measure of psychotic-like experiences and positively associated with established measures of theoretically relevant constructs, demonstrating concurrent and convergent validity of the French DACOBS. The French DACOBS is a reliable and valid and reliable instrument assessing cognitive biases, in a French-speaking youth population. Ultimately, the French DACOBS may be used to identify at-risk youth which may benefit from cognitive interventions targeting cognitive biases, safety behaviours and social cognition which could potentially prevent transition to psychosis in youth.

Association between schizotypal personality traits and emotional instability: mediation and moderation analysis among Chinese college students

BackgroundPrevious studies identified an association between schizophrenia and emotional instability. However, the relationship between schizotypal personality traits and emotional instability has not been explored to date. Furthermore, both mediating and moderating factors need to be identified. MethodsA total of 2936 students completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), the Affective Lability Scale-Short Form (ALS-SF), and the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS). Results1) The total scores of DACOBS (and all dimensions) and ALS-SF (and all dimensions) in the high schizotypal personality trait group were higher than in the low schizotypal personality trait group (all P < 0.05). 2) SPQ score and DACOBS social cognition problems, subjective cognitive problems, jumping to conclusions bias, and external attribution bias subscale scores positively predicted the total score of ALS-SF (or the dimensions of ALS-SF) in both male and female populations (all P < 0.05). 3) In the male population, DACOBS social cognition problems, subjective cognitive problems, jumping to conclusions bias, and external attribution bias subscale scores mediated the relationship between SPQ score and ALS-SF total score (or its subscales). In the female population, DACOBS attention for threat bias, external attribution bias, jumping to conclusions bias, social cognition problems, and subjective cognitive problems subscale scores mediated the relationship between SPQ score and ALS-SF total score (or its subscales). 4) Gender exerted a moderating effect on this relationship between SPQ score and ALS-SF total/anxiety-depression score (all P < 0.05). ConclusionsSchizotypal personality traits might influence emotional instability through cognitive biases, and the degree of this influence varies depending on gender.

Mental Well-Being During Pandemic: The Role of Cognitive Biases and Emotion Regulation Strategies in Risk Perception and Affective Response to COVID-19.

Both cognitive appraisals of risks associated with the specific disease and affective response to crisis situations have been shown to shape an individual response to pandemics. COVID-19 pandemic and measures introduced to contain it present an unparalleled challenge to mental well-being worldwide. Here, we examine the relationship between self-reported cognitive biases (CB) and emotion regulation skills (ER), COVID-19 risk perception and affective response, and mental well-being (MWB). Five Hundred and Eleven individuals completed General Health Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) as well as scales measuring COVID-19 risk perception and affective response during the initial days of the epidemic in Poland. We used path and bootstrapping analyses to examine the hypothesis that CB may shape MWB during COVID-19 pandemic both directly and indirectly by (i) decreasing ER capacity and (ii) by increasing COVID-19 risk perception and affective response. Negative effect of CB and positive effect of ER via cognitive reappraisal on MWB were observed in participants. Furthermore, in line with our hypothesis, we observed indirect effects of CB via increased COVID-19 risk perception and affective response and decreased use of reappraisal strategy, which all, in turn, were related to MWB. Finally, we found an indirect effect of CB on MWB through double mediation of suppression strategies and COVID-19 affective response. Results of the current study suggest that CB, which have been shown to be linked to a variety of mental health symptoms in non-clinical populations, may exacerbate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health outcomes.

A combination of self-disturbances and psychotic-like experiences. A cluster analysis study on a non-clinical sample in Poland

We aimed to perform a cluster analysis to investigate the group structure of a combination of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and self-disturbances in a non-clinical sample. Non-clinical adults (n = 677) were assessed with the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE), the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS) and the Inventory of Psychotic-Like Anomalous Self-Experiences (IPASE). Cluster analysis was conducted based on the positive and negative dimension of CAPE and a total score of IPASE. Four distinct groups were revealed by the cluster analysis. The High Profile group had the highest means, and the Low Profile had the lowest scores of positive and negative subscales of the CAPE and IPASE. The Positive Profile group had a significantly higher level of self-disturbances (in ‘Cognition’, ‘Consciousnesses and ‘Somatization’ dimensions) from participants with the ‘Negative Profile’. The High Profile group had more cognitive biases (i.e., inadequate cognitive inference about internal and external events) related to psychosis as assessed with DACOBS, had the highest means on each IPASE subscale and had a higher level of emotional distress. A combination of high level of PLEs and self-disturbances may capture the highest risk of psychosis in the general population associated with cognitive biases characteristic for psychosis.

Self-reported cognitive distortions in the psychosis continuum: A Polish 18-item version of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS-18)

AimThe aim of this study was to provide a short version of the Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS), which is a self-report tool to assess cognitive distortions related to psychosis. MethodsA principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted on a large non-clinical sample (n=1207) and cross-validated with a confirmatory factor analysis on an independent non-clinical sample (n=653). Discriminative validity was performed by contrasting the high risk for psychosis non-clinical sample (n=63), low risk for psychosis non-clinical sample (n=152), patients with schizophrenia (n=105), and patients with depression (n=56). Correlations between symptoms, cognitive functions, source monitoring deficits, and jumping to conclusions were performed among a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia. ResultsAn 18-item scale (DACOBS-18) with a four-factor solution was established. Internal consistency (α=0.84) and test-retest reliability (r=0.84, p<0.001) were good. The DACOBS-18 has satisfactory discriminative power, with 99.1% sensitivity and 74.3% specificity in discriminating low risk for psychosis from schizophrenia patients. The DACOBS-18 subscales correlate significantly with psychotic symptoms and psychotic-like experiences. After Bonferroni correction, significant correlations between Safety Behaviors and neuropsychological functioning were found. ConclusionsThe DACOBS-18 is a reliable scale with satisfactory discriminative power and thus may be a valuable self-report screening tool for use in everyday clinical practice with psychotic patients and with people at risk for psychosis. Further research on its relationship to objective cognitive measures is needed.