Data Triangulation Research Articles

The Existence of Digital Literary Criticism and Its Contributions in Preparing Literary Criticism Teaching Materials Post Covid 19 Pandemic

Literary criticism teaching materials provided on campus only focus on theory and very few opportunities to appreciate literary texts directly through reading and understanding literary criticism published in various sources. Learning literary appreciation, including literary criticism, should not only be about memorizing literary theories, but also through practices such as reading and enjoying literary works directly, as well as appreciating the literary works read. The purpose of this research is to analyze the existence and contribution of digital literary criticism in the preparation of teaching materials for literary criticism. The design used in this research is qualitative. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative through data triangulation. The results of this study show that in the span of one year the average number of literary criticism published in digital media. The data shows that digital literary criticism still exists to provide color in the literary treasury regardless of the dynamics of the ups and downs of the number of literary criticisms published through digital media. Based on the information obtained through the distribution of questionnaires, it is known to contribute to the preparation of teaching materials for literary criticism. Regarding students' interest in digital literary criticism in literary criticism teaching materials, they successfully received a response with a high category. In conclusion, digital literary criticism enriches and expands the scope of teaching materials for literary criticism, making it more dynamic and adaptive to the latest developments in the world of literature and education.

Pemanfaatan Media Kartu Kata Bergambar dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca dan Kognitif pada Anak Usia Dini di RA Al Jannah Jakarta Utara

This study aims to examine the use of picture word card media which is carried out with several methods or ways of recognizing vocabulary in each theme in improving early childhood reading and cognitive skills in RA Al Jannah. This study uses a qualitative approach with literature study methods and in-depth interviews. The instruments used are interview and observation sheets as well as several studies that examine the theme. The data produced are primary and secondary data. The data analysis carried out was to review the literature and triangulation of data based on the results of interviews and observations. The introduction of word cards is carried out every day consistently and repeatedly, picture word cards are also used in the form of games and also singing, there are several models of word cards used in RA Al Jannah, namely theme word cards, harmony word cards, fishing word cards, bingo word cards, and reminder card cards. The strategy for improving early childhood reading skills carried out with the media of picture word cards is in a gradual way, namely through a phonetic approach, syllable recognition, whole language, interactive and fun activities. Cognitive improvement strategies carried out in Ra various games, namely by means of word grouping games and memory games, examples of memory games carried out are games with reminder word cards, bingo word cards, picture guessing games, and fishing games with syllables.

Improving Public Governance: The Relationship among Logistics Management, Transparency and Accountability in the Peruvian Public Sector

This research addressed deficiencies in logistics management and transparency in the Peruvian public sector, focusing specifically on the municipality studied. The research revealed critical problems in the supplier selection and contracting stages, as well as in the updating of the transparency portal, highlighting the erosion of integrity and fairness in public procurement. The study methodology combined quantitative approaches such as surveys and document analysis, which allowed for a comprehensive and nuanced understanding of the problem. Through data triangulation, detailed insights crucial to the development of effective interventions were obtained. The results highlight a significant correlation between effective logistics management practices and high levels of transparency and accountability. Specific practices within Group 3 are identified that could serve as a model for governance reform. This study not only addresses a gap in the existing literature, but also provides a solid foundation for the development of more effective and transparent public policies. By addressing the shortcomings of logistics management, the study contributed to the empowerment of the civil community and the creation of a more open and fair government, indirectly supporting the goals of environmental sustainability and conservation.

The Impact of Community-Based Micro-Hydroelectric Plants on Sustainable Development in the Gilgit–Baltistan Region of Pakistan

This paper reflects on Pakistan’s current energy scenario and focuses on the Gilgit–Baltistan (GB) region where electrification remains a critical issue, particularly for the rural and remote communities. Aiming to evaluate the viability of hydropower as a sustainable energy source, the study involves an empirical investigation into the social, economic, and environmental impacts of two community-based micro-hydroelectric plants (CBMHPs) in Ahmadabad village, Hunza district. Employing an ethnographic methodology, data was collected through interviews with 21 households and 8 community members, supplemented by a focus group discussion. However, photographic data supported thematic analysis for data triangulation. Findings indicate that CBMHPs provide notable benefits, including continuous electricity, improved education, enhanced income opportunities, and a boost in tourism. These plants also lessen firewood usage, thereby cutting carbon emissions and aiding environmental conservation. The study advocates for the expansion of CBMHPs both in Pakistan and internationally to replicate these positive outcomes.

Policy Oversimplification in the First 100 Days Post-Regional Head Elections

The 100-day work period concept is often used to evaluate the initial performance of elected officials, including in Indonesia. While useful as an early indicator, this concept tends to oversimplify the complex policymaking process into campaign promises that must be fulfilled in a short timeframe. This study highlights the phenomenon of oversimplification during this period, where policies often focus on visible short-term outcomes at the expense of sustainability and long-term impact. Using semi-structured interviews, policy document analysis, and data triangulation, the research identifies that policy evaluations during the 100-day period frequently emphasize administrative and statistical achievements without considering deeper social changes. The study recommends a more sustainable approach to policy formulation and evidence-based evaluation involving various stakeholders. The findings suggest that policy success should be measured based on its ability to foster inclusive change, reduce social inequality, and improve community quality of life in the long term. Further research is needed to develop ongoing evaluation mechanisms to assess the impact of policies beyond the 100-day work period.

Ragam Budaya dan Kekayaan Ekologi sebagai Potensi Pengembangan Wellness Tourism di Kalimantan Timur; Studi Kelembagaan Masyarakat Kutai Adat Lawas Sumping Layang Kedang Ipil Kutai Kartanegara.

Post-pandemic COVID-19 has highlighted wellness tourism as a promising niche in Indonesia, driven by increased health awareness and supported by initiatives like the CHSE (Cleanliness, Health, Safety, and Environmental Sustainability) Protocols. East Kalimantan, with its unique cultural and natural heritage, offers significant potential for wellness tourism development. This study evaluates the cultural richness, ecological assets, and opportunities for wellness experiences in East Kalimantan, emphasizing the role of community engagement in economic empowerment, cultural preservation, and environmental management.Using a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, the research includes key informant interviews with cultural leaders of Kutai Adat Lawas Sumping Layang in Kedang Ipil, supplemented by direct observation and secondary data. Thematic analysis and data triangulation ensure validity and provide insights into the role of customary institutions in wellness tourism. The findings identify traditional practices, such as Belian Namang and Nutuk Beham, as unique wellness experiences. The ecological assets, including village and customary forests integral to local livelihoods, present holistic wellness opportunities. Customary community structures are crucial in preserving traditions and supporting wellness tourism as a sustainable product. The integration of cultural and ecological elements positions Kedang Ipil, Kutai Kartanegara, as a strategic site for wellness tourism, fostering sustainable development through cultural heritage and environmental

Uncovering the Secrets Behind Enumeration Rules: The Art of Combinatorics Thinking

This research aims to analyze students' combinatorial thinking skills after using learning worksheets on enumeration rules. This research aims to provide solutions by applying learning materials to improve students' combinatorial thinking skills in solving math problems. The research method used is qualitative research. The research technique in this case is to use data triangulation. The purpose of triangulation is to increase the validity and reliability of research findings by confirming or complementing findings from various sources or perspectives. The results in this study are the diversity of the fulfillment of indicators in the ability to think combinatorics, including students with the S-1 category can fulfill all indicators of combinatorics thinking ability. Students in the S-2 category only fulfill 1 indicator of combinatorics thinking ability. Students in the S-3 category could not fulfill all the indicators of combinatorics thinking ability.

Openness and Warmth in the Digital World: Examining Therapeutic Relationships in Online Counseling in Javanese Culture

The advancement of digital technology has significantly transformed counseling practices, including those in Indonesia. This study explores the therapeutic relationships in online counseling, particularly as the cultural values of togetherness and openness characteristic of Javanese society influence them. A qualitative approach, employing a phenomenological study design, was utilized for this research. The subjects included 15 participants, comprising eight counselors and seven clients, selected through purposive sampling techniques. Data collection involved in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and documentation. Techniques such as data triangulation and member checking were employed to ensure data validity. The findings reveal that while non-verbal communication barriers and limited personal interaction pose challenges, digital counseling expands access to services. Interestingly, in some cases, clients exhibit greater openness, benefiting from the anonymity and physical distance that digital platforms provide. This study emphasizes the significance of adopting a culturally informed counseling approach to enhance the quality of therapeutic relationships in the digital era.

ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN LUAS PERMUKAAN DAN VOLUME PRISMA

This study aims to identify and analyze the difficulties students face in solving problems related to the surface area and volume of prisms. The research employs a qualitative method, using data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and document analysis involving 32 eighth-grade students at a public junior high school in Tasikmalaya. The data analysis technique used in this study is data triangulation. The findings reveal that 71.9% of students experience difficulties in understanding the basic concept of prisms, 34.3% struggle with applying formulas, and 15.6% have difficulty visualizing the shape of prisms. The discussion in this study emphasizes conceptual and procedural issues. The implications of this research significantly impact curriculum development and mathematics teaching methods in schools. Additionally, the findings can serve as a benchmark for educators in designing more effective learning strategies that focus on concept comprehension, visualization, and accurate formula application, as well as the development of more interactive teaching materials

A bottom-up methodology for a national baseline data collection of the social enterprise sector: the experience of Ireland

The launch of Ireland’s National Social Enterprise Policy in 2019 represented a milestone for social enterprises in Ireland. However, the policy and previous reports stress the limited data about social enterprises at national level; against this background, the Irish Government commissioned in 2022 a research project to fill this gap. The aim of this paper is to discuss the process for establishing a methodology towards a baseline data collection exercise of social enterprises in Ireland, where official statistics do not account for this type of organisations. The methodology draws from conceptual frameworks and international experiences for building statistics of social and solidarity economy organisations, including social enterprises census and baseline exercises. Moreover, the methodology is informed by a consultation process with Irish stakeholders consisting of four focus groups (87 participants), 15 semi-structured interviews and three meetings with experts’ committees. The methodology shows how baseline information on social enterprises in Ireland was built through intermediaries lists and an ad-hoc survey. The dependence on intermediaries and the lack of publicly available financial data on social enterprises in Ireland poses challenges, especially in terms of validity. However, using an official definition, data triangulation from different intermediaries, trust and engagement developed through the consultation process partially address the challenges. The methodology developed is context-sensitive, focusing on Ireland; however, it allows for some degree of international comparability and offers guidelines for building baseline information of social enterprises, especially in countries where these organisations are not captured by official statistics.

Pengembangan Potensi Desa Wisata Pasirnanjung Geulis

The management of Pasirnanjung Geulis tourism village has not been optimal, such as the lack of attractions, lack of visitor management and ticket management. The purpose of this research is to discover the description and potential of Pasirnanjung Geulis Tourism Village, as well as the steps that have been taken or are needed to develop it. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study design. This research was taken in three stages using data triangulation, namely interviews, observation, and documentation research, and there were ten participants or sources used to analyze the data. To analyze the data, this research collects data, presents data, reduces data using NVivo, and draws conclusions. Pasirnanjung Geulis Tourism Village has great potential as a tourist destination because of its natural beauty and cultural wealth. However, the development of tour packages, ticketing systems, social media management, and the provision of basic facilities are all still needed. The village has yet to generate equitable financial benefits for the entire local population, despite many people contributing.

Teacher Professionalism: Opportunities and Challenges in the Education Delivery System

The study set out to characterize the professionalism of teacher preparation programs offered by islamic schools and institutions. This kind of research combines a review of the literature with qualitative methods. They gather data by locating and compiling information from various sources, including books, journals, and previous studies. Meanwhile, data analysis was done using data triangulation techniques, member checking, and auditing, as well as Miles & Huberman's data analysis methodologies, which include data reduction, data display, and conclusions. The professionalism of teachers is a good indicator of the quality of education, according to research findings. Several activities are conducted to enhance teacher professionalism, such as workshops, seminars, M.G.M.P., and training. They are improving the calibre of teachers by organizing, carrying out, and monitoring changes. Professional teachers in schools are beneficial in improving the quality of education, one of which is by conducting training related to experienced teachers in schools. Skilled teachers are applied by meeting the tools of teaching needs, attendance, making academic calendars, and having work meetings with other teachers. They are also proven by attending professional teacher improvement training in schools. Teachers must be competent to carry out the learning process utilizing the current I.T. systems since teacher professional education presents both opportunities and obstacles. Teacher quality is achieved by mastering learning supported by understanding their duties and responsibilities.

Development Of Cultural And Religious Tourism Villages In Enhancing Rural Community Welfare

The improvement of rural community welfare is not solely dependent on successful agricultural development but can also be driven by the potential and uniqueness of natural and cultural tourism within rural communities. Thus, it is essential to study cultural and religious tourism villages that can be developed to enhance rural community welfare. This research was conducted in Kalisalak Village, Kebasen District, Banyumas Regency, which serves as a cultural and religious tourism village. The research utilized a case study approach to construct factual realities by collecting data through direct observation, interviews, and focus group discussions. The analysis involved data reduction, confirmation, and triangulation. The findings indicate that the Curug Song and Telaga Anteng tourist sites have the potential to be developed into eco-tourism attractions, maintaining their natural beauty and environmental preservation. The historical site and sacred keris bathing sites offer the potential for educational tourism, providing historical literacy, philosophy, and the preservation of local wisdom, which is passed down across generations to foster harmony, peace, solidarity, and wisdom. These two tourism potentials can be developed through community empowerment programs designed to manage and sustain eco-tourism and educational tourism that is green, environmentally friendly, and sustainable.

Sociocultural experiences of first year students: A case study of a selected university in South Africa

The transition into higher education institutions is a perilous life stage for every first-year university student around the world. The aim of the study is to explore the sociocultural and lived experiences of first year students in one of the universities in South Africa. This study adopted qualitative approach which involved the use of focus group discussion and questionnaire for data triangulation. The diffusion of innovation theory of learning was used to frame the study. Convenient and purposive sampling were employed to select the sample population of 93 students who are coming from different provinces of South Africa, and registered for the first time at selected university to pursue their Bachelor Degrees in the faculty of Education. Findings revealed positive and negative experiences, and the study suggests the construction of knowledge through active engagement and involvement of these students as to help them to embrace both learning opportunities and challenges while studying at the university.

Kindergarten Teachers' Responses to Career Parents Seen from the Social Emotional Aspects of Children Aged 5-6 Years

This study aims to investigate the response of kindergarten teachers to career parents from the social-emotional perspective of 5-6 year old children. The respondents to the study were six kindergarten teachers in Semarang City. The research method used in the study is a type of qualitative approach with a case study research design, data collection using interview measurement instruments, observation and documentation. Data analysis was carried out by data reduction and triangulation to validate the research results. The results of the study show that career parents have an impact on children's social-emotional behavior. Positive Impact Children with career parents tend to be independent, adaptive, have good social interaction, and quickly adapt to a new environment. As a negative impact, children often experience a lack of affection, difficulty in managing emotions, and lack of self-regulation. The implications of this study include the need to increase cooperation between teachers and parents to create communication of children's needs, parents provide quality time and choose caregivers who are competent in the field of children, in order to optimize child development.

Strategic Management Practices on the Performance of Non-Government Organizations in Kisii County, Kenya

Running Non-Governmental organizations still has its fair share of challenges. Managerial efficiency is still wanting, its performance is very low with most of them witnessing increased corruption cases. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the influence of strategic management practices on the performance of NGOs in Kisii County, Kenya. The target population was 906 respondents comprising 16 Presidents, 16 Treasurers and 804 members of the board. The sample size for the study was 112 respondents comprised of 16 presidents and 16 treasurers who were sampled purposively while 80 board members were sampled randomly, 5 of them per NGO. Questionnaires were used to collect data from the board members whereas interviews were used to collect data from presidents and treasurers. Piloting of research instruments was conducted amongst 10.0% of the sample size of the respondents in the neighbouring Kisii County to establish validity, reliability, credibility, and dependability. Validity was ascertained through expert judgment. The reliability of the instruments was determined using the test-retest technique. The correlation coefficient was obtained using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Method. If a coefficient of r≥0.7 is obtained, then it indicates the high internal reliability of the instruments. Credibility was established by data triangulation through multiple analysts whereas dependability was established through detailed reporting. Data analysis began by identifying common themes from the respondents’ descriptions of their experiences. Frequency counts of the responses were then obtained to generate information about the respondents and to illustrate the general trend of findings on the various variables that were under investigation. Qualitative data was analysed thematically along the objectives and presented in narrative forms whereas quantitative data was analysed descriptively using frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation and inferentially using correlation and linear regression with the help of Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS Version 23). The study had a response rate of 87% which was considered to be very good, and 32 respondents were interviewed. The findings of the study were presented using tables and charts. After the analysis was conducted, it was evident that the majority of the NGOs did not engage in the expected procedures of strategic management, specifically planning, implementation and evaluation. Though there was some level of agreement in understanding the external environment in a firm operated, the majority of the respondents were not aware of how dynamic their work environment can change thus affecting their firm’s objectives. Ensuring that firms conducted an internal analysis to identify their strengths and weaknesses, ensuring firms had crisis management plans, well-defined objectives that would enable the achievement of long-term goals, and practical milestones that could be used to gauge the accomplishment of the set goals were among the significant predictors are detailed in the inferential statistics sections.

Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Tanpa Akuntabilitas Publik (SAK ETAP) Terhadap Laporan Keuangan (Studi Kasus CV. Finopi Indonesia)

This study aims to evaluate the implementation of SAK ETAP in the financial statements of CV. Finopi Indonesia and identify the challenges faced by the company in the process. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method using a case study approach. Data collection techniques through data triangulation, namely interviews, documentation, and observation. The results of the study in indicate that CV. Finopi Indonesia has not fully implemented SAK ETAP, by only preparing basic financial statements such as general ledgers and cash flow statements. Significant obstacles faced are the absence of SOPs regarding the writing of financial statements, the company has not paid attention to the accounting cycle, limited human resources, early readiness, the need for external support, and considerations of costs and impacts. This study is limited to one entity, so the result cannot be generalized to other entities. The implications of this study are important for small and medium-sized companies in Indonesia to improve transparency and accountability by complying with applicable accounting standards, and providing insight into the development of accounting policies the small and medium-sized company sector.

Mediating Effect of Delivery Capability on Public-Private Partnership Financing Structure and Geothermal Energy Development Project Completion in Kenya

Investments in Geothermal Energy Development Projects (GEPs) are still considered high-risk and capital-intensive with unpredictable completion even amidst the adoption of Public Private Partnership (PPP) financing models particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Numerous GEP completion bottlenecks affecting timely project completion have been documented lately; these challenges have caused delayed delivery of critical path milestones, project stalling, and even outright project failures. Recent empirical studies focused more on developed countries' longitudinal secondary databases covering the wider energy sector, with minimal attention paid to the situation of GEPs in developing countries. Anchored on the positivism and pragmatism foundations, this study examined the mediating influence of delivery capability on the relationship between PPP financing structure and the completion of GEPs in Kenya. Using a census survey design, data from 48 geothermal energy projects (private sector project managers and implementation team leaders from the public sector) and key informants was collected and analyzed using mixed methods. Data triangulation and diagnostic tests were performed. The results and findings revealed that while PPP financing structure alone explains 43.9% of the variance in project completion, the inclusion of delivery capability substantially increases the explained variance to 66.1%. A balanced PPP financing structure and delivery capability have statistically significant effects on project completion outcomes, with delivery capability (β = 0.579) having a stronger isolated effect than the PPP financing structure (β = 0.326). The reduction in the PPP financing structure coefficient from the first to the second model suggests that some of its effect is shared with or mediated by delivery capability. The study concluded that completing PPP-financed GEPs requires an integrated approach that considers both predictor variables: A balanced PPP financing structure comprising private equity, commercial and concessional loans, grants and government contributions; and strong delivery capability including geological, technological, PPP modelling and agile project management competencies. Geothermal sector-specific government support measures and industry recommendations are provided to enhance the completion of PPP-financed geothermal energy development projects mainly in the SSA region.

Military spouse and key stakeholder perspectives of effective messaging for US service members on secure storage of personal firearms: a qualitative study

BackgroundSecure firearm storage is a proposed method for reducing intentional and unintentional firearm injury and death among US military service members. However, little is known about suggested key messengers and...

Analisis Implementasi Chatbot sebagai Sarana Komunikasi dan Efisiensi Layanan Pelanggan terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja PT Pelindo Terminal Peti Kemas Semarang

This study aims to analyze the implementation of chatbots as a means of communication and customer service efficiency and its impact on improving the performance of PT Pelindo Terminal Petikemas Semarang. The research method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach used to examine how chatbots automate routine tasks, reduce human error, and improve operational consistency. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and direct observations with triangulation data analysis methods. The results of this study indicate that chatbots are able to provide 24/7 service, accelerate customer response, and reduce waiting times which increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. The identified constraints include system integration, data security, user privacy, employee resistance, and additional training needs. To overcome these constraints, companies can collaborate with technology vendors, cybersecurity experts, and legal consultants, as well as invest in employee training and routine performance monitoring. Based on the results above, it can be concluded that chatbot implementation can improve operational efficiency and customer service quality with the right strategy to overcome existing constraints.