Data Transmission Channel Research Articles

Improving the efficiency of resource allocation in educational content delivery networks using the 1C:ESB integration bus

Learning Management Systems (LMS) play a key role in the educational process by providing students with various educational content and instructors with tools to monitor student knowledge and assess progress. However, as the number of students increases, the load on data transmission channels increases, which can lead to a decrease in the quality of learning. To solve this problem, Content Delivery Networks (CDN) are used to speed up the loading of websites and reduce the load on servers. CDN ensure the availability and security of websites and improve their scalability (resistance to smooth load growth) by distributing content across a network of servers around the world, allowing users to access content faster and more efficiently.Integration data exchange bus (Enterprise Service Bus, ESB) can be an effective tool for optimizing CDN content distribution algorithm. It allows integration of different systems and applications, enabling data exchange between them. This is particularly useful in the context of distance learning, which requires fast and reliable delivery of educational content, feedback, learning analytics, etc. Implementing an integration bus of data exchange with LMS-based distance learning system can be a key factor in ensuring an efficient and quality educational process. The article considers the properties and characteristics of the integration bus and justifies the use of the integration bus to optimize the algorithm of CDN content distribution, in particular in LMS.

Research on Differential Protection of Distribution Network Based on 5G Communication Technology

Abstract The application of traditional optical fiber in differential protection technology in distribution networks faces many challenges. Due to the physical characteristics and transmission limitations of optical fiber, there is a blind area for line fault isolation, which cannot meet the growing demand for access, and is not conducive to the popularization and application of differential protection in distribution networks. This paper proposes a differential protection method for distribution networks based on 5G communication technology. 5G communication technology has the characteristics of high bandwidth, low delay, high precision network timing and safety and reliability, and provides a new wireless communication method for differential protection of distribution network. The introduction of 5G communication technology can not only provide a more stable and fast data transmission channel to ensure that the differential protection system can respond quickly after receiving the fault signal, but also realize the precise monitoring of each node of the distribution network. At the same time, this paper combines network slicing technology, uplink scheduling optimization, bit error rate optimization, air retransmission optimization, transmission priority optimization and other methods to reduce the communication delay and delay jitter, improve the reliability of the method.

Securing data transmission channels between smart devices and the cloud using homomorphic encryption for blood pressure monitoring sensors

Securing data transmission channels between smart devices and the cloud using homomorphic encryption for blood pressure monitoring sensors

Design of an Anti-interference long-range acoustic Communication System Based on optimal length segment coding

Abstract With the increased demand for unmanned vehicles in marine development, the development of underwater acoustic communication technology has received much attention. One of the key technologies in the research of long-range underwater acoustic communication technology is the use of underwater acoustic channels for efficient and stable data transmission. The harsh environment of the underwater acoustic channel has a significant impact on the rate and quality of underwater acoustic communication, making it a challenging research direction to achieve high-speed and reliable telecommunication systems underwater. In this paper, a high-speed remote command-based communication system is investigated, and a long-range acoustic communication system with good adaptability to sudden and continuous interference is designed based on a remote unmanned platform. A method for encoding the communication message in segments of optimal length is proposed in this paper. This coding method can enhance the anti-sudden interference capability of the communication system which has a certain degree of communication confidentiality, and the performance of this anti-interference communication system is verified by laboratory tests and field tests. The verification results show that the proposed telecommunication system based on optimal length segment coding has better performance in anti-sudden interference and continuous interference, which can make the communication system performance more stable and increase the success rate of command-based communication significantly.

Method of Evaluation of the TETRA Standard Data Transmission Channel for Ensuring Information Security of the Railway Transport System

Method of Evaluation of the TETRA Standard Data Transmission Channel for Ensuring Information Security of the Railway Transport System

A Higher Performance Data Backup Scheme Based on Multi-Factor Authentication.

Remote data backup technology avoids the risk of data loss and tampering, and has higher security compared to local data backup solutions. However, the data transmission channel for remote data backup is not secure, and the backup server cannot be fully trusted, so users usually encrypt the data before uploading it to the remote server. As a result, how to protect this encryption key is crucial. We design a User-Centric Design (UCD) data backup scheme based on multi-factor authentication to protect this encryption key. Our scheme utilizes a secret sharing scheme to divide the encryption key into three parts, which are stored in the laptop, the smart card, and the server. The encryption key can be easily reconstructed from any two parts with user's private information password, identity and biometrics. As long as the biometrics has enough entropy, our scheme can resist replay attacks, impersonation user attacks, impersonation server attacks, malicious servers and offline password guessing attacks.

TWO-LEVEL CONCEPT FOR SIMULATING UNIFORM INTERFERENCE-RESISTANT DIGITAL DATA TRANSMISSION

The article formalizes, creates and provides for consideration the concept of a single secure interference-resistant data transmission channel. In modern cybersecurity theory and practice, there is the NIST Cybersecurity Framework, which is a set of recommendations for reducing risks for organizations. In order for high-level data to be secure, there are requirements for the SIA triad, namely confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. Therefore, in the future, the expediency of the work and its result will directly depend on the satisfaction of the SIA conditions. As you know, high-level data: such as e-mail, visual data in the GUI of various applications, etc., are transmitted over low-level communication channels: such as cables, wireless radio communication channels, and others. At each of the levels for safe transmission of information, there are specific pests. At high levels, the main threat to information is man and the human factor. The lower the level of information transmission becomes, the more nature, natural obstacles and random short phenomena begin to influence. In order for the user to be able to use various devices without a threat to the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information, it is necessary to actively and continuously develop, improve and improve the existing methods of data protection, restoration, transmission and storage. Each aspect in this struggle for security is both an advantage and a disadvantage: excessive security is not appropriate for mass traffic, complexity does not always provide adequate security, and so on. Therefore, the optimality and expediency of the methods used becomes an important factor. For these reasons, the paper proposes a relatively simple, but no less effective approach to maintaining SIA requirements.

ST-TrajGAN: A synthetic trajectory generation algorithm for privacy preservation

The rapid growth of large-scale trajectory data poses privacy risks for location-based services (LBS), primarily through centralized storage and processing of data, as well as insecure data transmission channels (such as the Internet and wireless networks), which can lead to unauthorized access or manipulation of users' location information by attackers. To enhance trajectory privacy protection while improving the trajectory utility, this paper proposes an efficient and secure deep learning model Semantic and Transformer-based Trajectory Generative Adversarial Networks (ST-TrajGAN) for trajectory data generation and publication. First, this article introduces a semantic trajectory encoding model for preprocessing trajectory points. Through this model, trajectory points can be transformed into vector representations with semantic information. Next, by learning the spatio-temporal and semantic features of real trajectory data, a deep learning model is used to generate synthetic trajectories with more uncertainty and practicality. Furthermore, a novel TrajLoss loss metric function was crafted to gauge the trajectory similarity loss within the trained deep learning model. Ultimately, the efficacy of the generated synthetic trajectories and the model's utility are assessed through Trajectory-User Linking (TUL) and Trajectory Sharing Percentage (TSP) values on three authentic Location-Based Services (LBS) datasets. Numerous experiments have shown that our method outperforms other methods in terms of privacy protection effectiveness and utility.

DEVELOPMENT OF A HYBRID NETWORK CONGESTION MONITORING SYSTEM

Constantly growing requirements for the information systems service quality require monitoring of network congestion. The experimental results proved that when using hybrid networks, it is difficult to estimate the network load based on the average time of information delivery due to the presence of a significant scatter of time data. A mathematical model of information transmission in wireless computer networks in the form of a queuing system has been developed. The system identifies the main elements: a data transmission channel, a data frame and a device that transmits data. Analysis of transmission standards allows us to identify the following main transmission modes for modeling: one frame successful transmission; transmitting a frame with an error and repeating the transmission (possibly several times); frame transmission using performance-enhancing technology (Bursting technology is used as an example). Events associated with the transmission of information over the wireless network of one device are considered as monitoring system states under consideration. Packet exchange process was considered to be a homogeneous Markov process with discrete states, continuous time and constant intensities. A mathematical model has been developed based on the state graph of the device-frame-transmission channel system, which allows one to determine the timing characteristics for the previously identified modes. The methods for assessing network congestion based on statistical information during data transmission is proposed. Delivery times are broken down into ranges derived from the simulation. The proportion of packets whose delivery time lies within the selected test range is estimated. To evaluate the results, experimental studies were carried out on a fragment of the hybrid network. Delivery time results for each experiment were divided into four ranges: corresponding to accelerated delivery of fragments, successful delivery on the first, second and third attempts, respectively. Results analysis showed that it is preferable to use the fourth range to assess network congestion. Approximation reliability in this case is 0.85, the correlation coefficient is 0.92. The proposed methodology allows us to estimate network congestion based on testing data with a fairly high degree of reliability.

A shared-link type wireless power and data simultaneous transfer system based on a series–parallel resonant network

Wireless Power Transmission (WPT) is widely used. In practical engineering applications, the transmitter and receiver of a stable and reliable WPT system need to establish not only a power transmission channel but also a data transmission channel to realize closed-loop control and information interaction. In this paper, a novel simultaneous wireless power and data transfer system based on a series–parallel (SP) resonant network is proposed. The system integrates an SP higher-order resonant network with series carrier injection, which makes power transmission and data transmission share a magnetic coupling channel. The isolation between power and data is realized by exploiting the frequency characteristics of the compensation network, thus realizing efficient power transmission and data transmission. In this paper, accurate and detailed mathematical modeling of the system is conducted, and the gain characteristics of the power transmission channel and the data transmission channel are demonstrated. Meanwhile, the mutual interference between the two channels is analyzed, and a feasible and effective parameter design method is developed. Finally, an experimental prototype with an output power of 16 W and a backward data rate of 100 Kbps is constructed to verify the feasibility of the proposed system and the correctness of the parameter design.

Assessment of flight range and transmission of video information when monitoring emergency situations from an unmanned aircraft in difficult meteorological conditions

The purpose of research. Modern unmanned aerial vehicles of various types provide the ability to perform various tasks of operational information collection, monitoring the state of the environment, technological facilities and territories, updating data on these facilities, as well as for reconnaissance and monitoring their condition. The purpose of the study is to establish the maximum flight range and distance necessary for the organization of a communication channel through which the video stream and flight control commands using the KAM-16 Turbo ¾ method will be transmitted between the ground control complex and the unmanned aerial vehicle in a difficult meteorological situation.Methods are based on the basics of radio electronics, diagnostics and forecasting of the technical condition of aircraft. The methods of multicriteria analysis, parametric and structural synthesis were used. The principles of transmitting video images from drones used to monitor emergency situations were studied. A critical assessment of the maximum flight range of an unmanned aerial vehicle in a difficult meteorological situation was carried out.Results. Analytical formulas for determining the energy potential of a data transmission channel in line of sight are presented. Graphs of the dependence of the energy reserve in the data transmission channel between the unmanned aerial vehicle and the ground control system are presented, which make it possible to determine the maximum distance for transmitting video images in Full HD quality in the 2.4 GHz band. Calculations were carried out on the basis of complex analytical expressions and graphical dependences of the flight range of a micro UAV on the speed of tailwind and headwind were constructed. The maximum headwind speed is calculated, which does not allow the use of micro UAVs in blizzard conditions.Conclusion. A promising area of study of the use of UAV in emergency monitoring are micro-class copters capable of detecting victims by transmitting video information from a thermal imager during search and rescue operations in difficult weather conditions, such as snowstorms.

Methods of countering attacks and organizing the choice of channel protection tools when controlling aviation robotic devices

The purpose of the research is identification of organizational and technical methods of countering attacks on command and telemetry data transmission lines between aviation robotic devices and ground control points, as well as the formation of comprehensive information protection of the communication channels under consideration.Methods. The scientific article substantiates methods for mitigating and countering attacks at the physical level of the ISO/OSI open systems interaction model for organizing communication using the MAVLINK protocol for the purpose of controlling aviation robotic devices (noise-resistant coding with a high code rate (using the example of the most common code - Viterbi), extension method Frequency Hopping Spectrum (FHSS), Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS), Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology). A method for organizing the selection of protection and countermeasures when controlling aviation robotic devices is outlined, which consists of assessing the risks and consequences of the implementation of vulnerabilities in order to introduce countermeasures there and in such quantities that they have the greatest benefit.Results. The article discusses the main possibilities for intentional interference on the control and data transmission channels of consumer aviation robotic devices, an algorithm for assessing the risk of "leaving the route" is considered; a risk assessment option is provided in relation to the risk of an aircraft going off route, indicating the name of the attack, its likelihood, impact and resulting risk, as well as the acceptability of this risk and recommendations regarding the urgency of mitigating it; recommendations for countermeasures are presented in accordance with the acceptability of likelihood and impact; describes the relationship between risk and countermeasures used to reduce unauthorized exposure, in accordance with weighting coefficients.Conclusion. The scientific article discusses the main methods of countering attacks and unauthorized access when controlling autonomous robotic devices. The risk coefficients of attacks and countermeasures taken are considered.

IMPROVING THE PROCESSES OF ENSURING THE AIRWORTHINESS OF AIRCRAFT BY CREATING A HIGH-SPEED HETEROGENEOUS INFORMATION SYSTEM

The problem of forming the appearance of a high-speed heterogeneous information system for monitoring airworthiness during the operation of aviation equipment is considered. A mixed-integer model has been formed for forming the optimal data transmission path for verifying the authenticity of airway components, where integer variables determine the set of external systems from where and where data is transmitted, a set of data warehouses and connections between them, and continuous variables – characteristics of data transfer rates by web services and bandwidth of data transmission channels. The criterion for choosing the optimal solution is proposed – the time of data transfer between external data source systems and external data consumer systems, taking into account data warehouses. An algorithm for optimizing the structure and parameters of a heterogeneous information system has been developed, which ensures the organization of information interaction between heterogeneous data sources/consumers in a minimum time. It is shown that the problem under consideration relates to difficult combinatorial optimization problems, that is, there is no polynomial algorithm for solving it in a reasonable time. However, taking into account the specifics of the task, in some cases, allows you to build calculation schemes that provide sufficient accuracy of the solution and an acceptable time. After conducting a brief analysis of possible solutions, including Dijkstra, Johnson, Floyd – Warshall, the authors implemented computational procedures based on the Bellman – Ford method, the main advantages of which are the possibility of obtaining an accurate solution, no restrictions when working with negative edges of the network graph, low value of the algorithm execution time. The results of calculations are presented and the possibility of reducing the data transfer time by 20,2 % is shown by choosing the optimal connections between data sources and consumers, taking into account the data formats of the sources used and the compatibility of web services providing their processing.

Hardware Compression Method for On-Chip and Interprocessor Networks with Wide Channels and Wormhole Flow Control Policy

Increasing the number of processing cores is currently a common way to boost processor performance. However, the load on the memory subsystem consequently increases as the number of its agents grows. Hardware data compression is an unconventional approach to improving memory subsystem performance by reducing, firstly, the main memory access rate by increasing the cache capacity and, secondly, data traffic by packing the data more densely. The paper describes the implementation of hardware data compression in the on-chip network and interprocessor links of a configuration with wide data transmission channels and a wormhole flow control policy. The existing solutions cannot be applied to such configurations because they are essentially based on using narrow data channels and flow control policies implying uninterrupted packet transmission, which is not maintained with the wormhole flow control. The method proposed in this paper enables the use of hardware compression in the aforementioned configuration by moving data compression and decompression from networks to the connected devices, as well as by using a number of optimizations to hide the data processing delays. Optimizations of some specific cases, such as the transmission of large data packets with several cache lines or the transmission of zero data, are considered. Special attention is given to data transmission via interprocessor links, where, due to their lower bandwidth compared to the on-chip network, data compression can be the most beneficial. The increase in memory subsystem bandwidth from using hardware data compression was confirmed in the experiments showing the relative IPC increase in SPEC CPU2017 benchmarks up to 14 percent.

Analyzing the blockchain mining strategy in Industrial Internet of Things: A game theoretical approach

Deploying Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus based blockchain systems in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) scenarios that rely on wireless channels for data transmission faces new challenges. An IIoT device working in industrial production may participate in the operation of blockchain as a miner. These devices not only need to consume their own computation capability to compete for the right to generate blocks, but also need to transmit newly generated blocks to other devices through wireless channel to continuously maintain the global ledger. Asynchronous mining and data transmission by IIoT devices in wireless environments may significantly interfere with the propagation of blocks in the system and result the reduction of mining payoff, thereby affecting the willingness of IIoT devices to participate in maintaining blockchain system. This paper considers the behavior of independent mining between multiple IIoT devices as a non-cooperative game, which we call the Wireless Mining Game (WMG). Markov chain is adopted to derive the block propagation model under the wireless channel, and then the payoff model of IIoT device is formulated. IIoT devices can make reasonable mining decisions by evaluating the computation capability of other IIoT devices and the probability of successful block transmission. We analyze the Nash equilibrium of the WMG and the corresponding mining behavior set between two-players scenario through theoretical modeling and experiments. We also analyzed the expected mining payoff of the IIoT devices in the multiple devices scenario.

Rationale for the creation of multispectral data-processing system shock reconnaissance UAVs for use in modern warfare

In recent years, in the technically developed countries of the world, special attention has been paid to the development of the theory and practice of warfare in a single information space, changing views on the training and use of armed forces in modern wars and conflicts. An important aspect in the combat management chain is the distribution and transmission of information to support the decisions of the command and control of the armed forces. The purpose of the work is to identify typical tasks solved using a multispectral information and computing system of a reconnaissance and strike unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The analysis of tasks and the target load of UAVs in modern wars is carried out. The data on modern UAVs are systematized, in particular, on the payload used, the features of combat use in military conflicts, the main disadvantages in the functioning of control systems to achieve specific combat tasks. The modern world concepts and technologies for the development of integrated UAV information systems are presented. The hierarchical principle of obtaining information in a multispectral system and its complex processing are considered. The result of the functioning of a set of sensors in complex information processing will be the possibility of forming solutions that reduce the amount of information transmitted through data transmission channels and simplify the operator's work.

Разработка и исследование подхода к обработке сигналов цифровых измерительных трансформаторов тока и напряжения

During the development of secondary systems of stations and substations, including relay protection, automation, control, electricity metering, etc., qualitative changes have recently occurred due to the introduction of digital technologies. The introduction of digital technologies is supported by innovative development programs such as “Digital Transformation 2030”. The introduction of digital technologies is associated with the use of digital data transmission channels according to uniform standards. Projects of “digital substations” are being actively implemented with the transmission of digital information at all levels, including the primary equipment, the transmission of information both from current and voltage measuring transformers, and from switching devices. Currently, digital instrument transformers are actively being developed and implemented, in which information about measured currents and voltages is presented in digital code. New approaches to measure primary currents and voltages, and transmit information pose new challenges, and open prospects for improving signal processing methods used for relay protection purposes. Thus, the relevant aim of the study is the development and research of approaches to digital processing of signals of digital instrument current and voltage transformers. To solve the problems posed within the framework of this study, analytical and numerical solution methods have been used. Numerical methods are applied using software products such as MathCAD and the Python programming language to generate signals and display them on graphs. To substantiate the reliability, verification of the results obtained by different methods is carried out. The authors have formulated an approach to digital processing of signals obtained using current sensors of a digital instrument transformer. The authors have studied the approach to determine synchronized current vector values by processing information received from primary current converters. The characteristics of the algorithm for obtaining a vector have been analyzed and the dependences of errors on the influence of distorting factors have been plotted. The proposed approach is a development of the existing approach to obtain a vector by getting information from current sensors operating on different physical principles. The results show the advantages of the proposed method. The proposed digital signal processing algorithm is more technically expensive since it contains at least two metrologically calibrated measuring channels instead of one. However, all other things being equal, it allows to increase the accuracy and speed of the digital processing algorithms taken as a prototype. The results obtained can be used to formulate algorithms for measuring relay protection devices.

Noise immunity of a radio data transmission channel white pseudo-random tuning of the operating frequency: the boundary value of the part of the band covered by interference

Noise immunity of a radio data transmission channel white pseudo-random tuning of the operating frequency: the boundary value of the part of the band covered by interference

Development of the method of detecting and correcting data transmission errors in IoT systems for monitoring the state of objects

The object of the study is the IOT system for monitoring the state of objects. The problem being solved is the development of an innovative method of detecting and correcting data transmission errors in the networks of Internet of Things systems. The essence of the results is that a method of detecting and correcting multiple transmission errors during byte-by-byte transmission of a block of information has been developed. The method is distinguished by an original coding scheme, which involves the calculation of control bits, as well as the shuffling of block bits by performing bit shift operations. The peculiarity of the method is that any bit can be distorted when transmitting a code word, but it belongs to different code combinations of the Hamming code. This allows multiple data transmission errors to be detected and corrected during decoding, and multiple errors of different bytes belonging to the same block can be corrected. Simple algorithms for encoding and decoding procedures have been developed, and programs for information block encoding procedures and decoding procedures with error detection and correction have been developed. A software model of the data transmission channel was also developed with the possibility of introducing multiple errors when simulating the data transmission process. All programs are developed in Python, although other languages are possible. An experiment was conducted using the developed software model of the data transmission channel. The efficiency of the developed method has been experimentally confirmed and it has been proven that its use increases the immunity of the data transmission channel. This is due to the fact that the developed method allows detecting and correcting all code word transmission errors with a multiplicity from 1 to 8, which was confirmed experimentally. The main field of use of the developed method is considered to be IoT system networks. First of all, systems for monitoring the state of objects

Adaptive event–based finite-time H∞ filtering for networked systems under hybrid attack

The event-based finite-time [Formula: see text] filtering problem for networked systems is concerned. A novel hybrid attack model is introduced considering denial-of-service and deception attacks in the communication channel between sampler and filter with an aperiodic form. In order to increase the effectiveness of data transmission in network communication channel and enable the filtering system against attack, an adaptive event–triggered mechanism is proposed. Sufficient condition for ensuring exponential mean-square finite-time boundedness of the filtering error system with an expected [Formula: see text] disturbance attenuation index is obtained. The design of the filter and the adaptive event–triggered mechanism is derived. A practical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed filtering scheme in an active suspension system.