Data Integrity Verification Research Articles

A Comprehensive Survey on Edge Data Integrity Verification: Fundamentals and Future Trends

Recent advances in edge computing (EC) have pushed cloud-based data caching services to edge; however, such emerging edge storage comes with numerous challenging and unique security issues. One of them is the problem of edge data integrity verification (EDIV), which coordinates multiple participants (e.g., data owners and edge nodes) to inspect whether data cached on edge is authentic. To date, various solutions have been proposed to address the EDIV problem, while there is no systematic review. Thus, we offer a comprehensive survey for the first time, aiming to show current research status, open problems, and potentially promising insights for readers to further investigate this under-explored field. Specifically, we begin by stating the significance of the EDIV problem, the integrity verification difference between data cached on cloud and edge, and three typical system models with corresponding inspection processes. To thoroughly assess prior research efforts, we synthesize a universal criteria framework that an effective verification approach should satisfy. On top of it, a schematic development timeline is developed to reveal the research advance on EDIV in a sequential manner, followed by a detailed review of the existing EDIV solutions. Finally, we highlight intriguing research challenges and possible directions for future work, along with a discussion on how forthcoming technology, e.g., machine learning and context-aware security, can augment security in EC. Given our findings, some major observations are: there is a noticeable trend to equip EDIV solutions with various functions and diversify study scenarios; completing EDIV within two types of participants (i.e., data owner and edge nodes) is garnering escalating interest among researchers; although the majority of existing methods rely on cryptography, emerging technology is being explored to handle the EDIV problem.

Real-time privacy-preserved auditing for shared outsourced data

Health providers need to share patient information across healthcare networks efficiently and securely to improve medical and health services. Timely data synchronization among relevant parties is crucial for effectively containing and preventing the worsening of the condition. However, ensuring rapid information sharing while maintaining the security of sensitive patient data remains a pressing concern. In this paper, we introduce a cloud storage integrity auditing scheme that can protect auditors from procrastinating and preserve the privacy of sensitive information. Our proposed system requires healthcare institutions to encrypt sensitive patient data before uploading it to the cloud. It mandates the use of a data sanitizer for the secure processing of encrypted data blocks. Auditors must verify data integrity and promptly submit their audit results to the blockchain within a predefined time frame. Leveraging the time-sensitive nature of blockchain technology, healthcare institutions can monitor auditor compliance within the allotted validation timeframe. We conducted comprehensive security analysis and performance evaluations to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our solution in addressing the challenges of secure and timely cloud storage in healthcare settings.

Block Chain-Powered Cloud Data Integrity Verification System with Excellent Effectiveness

The "next-generation financial technology," or blockchain, is praised for its peer authentication security features, which include virtual money, data encryption, and hash value creation. Cloud computing is widely used due to its efficiency, and the global financial sector sees a vast market for security. Blockchain technology is examined in this article along with its developments and application to cloud computing in healthcare and electronic vehicle security. Verification, oversight, and dependable data storage are made possible by the virtual machine agent mechanism, which is crucial for maintaining blockchain integrity. The Merkel hash tree's unique hash values are used by blockchain smart contracts to keep track of data modifications. Users are notified of data manipulation through a "block-and-response" procedure. Data security and trustworthy computing are still issues in spite of the growth of cloud computing. Different approaches, such as data integrity tests and secure multi-party computations, have been proposed by researchers; however, these frequently encounter problems related to complexity and scalability. This paper investigates the ways in which blockchain technology can help with these issues by providing a decentralized method for improving cloud computing security and storage. Keywords— Blockchain, money, security, cloud service, technology, big-data, data, healthcare ;

ECDSA-secured blockchain architecture for interoperable healthcare in the Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT)

ABSTRACT The ever-growing Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) in healthcare settings introduces new challenges in securing sensitive patient data. Existing communication networks within IoRT environments are vulnerable to security breaches. This paper proposes an ECDSA-secured blockchain architecture specifically designed to address these challenges. A key innovation is the implementation of a private blockchain network on ZedBoard development boards for access control and data integrity verification. IoT devices collect patient health data, which is then securely transmitted to a Mobius server for storage, minimizing resource impact on ZedBoards. To further strengthen the security framework, the architecture integrates the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) with Radix- 2 w optimizations. These optimizations result in a 28% reduction in CPU usage and an 8.96% reduction in memory usage, significantly enhancing cryptographic performance. Practical implementation validates the effectiveness of the proposed approach, providing a robust solution for securing IoRT networks. This research offers valuable insights for industries reliant on the seamless integration of IoT and robotics and concludes with key findings and future research directions, including exploring energy-efficient cryptographic protocols, enhancing scalability through advanced consensus mechanisms, and developing user-friendly interfaces for managing IoRT networks.

Secure Data Sharing in Decentralized Networks: Encryption Techniques, Access Control Mechanisms, and Data Integrity Verification

The introduction of decentralized systems in a rapidly changing technological world has introduced many issues and risks regarding privacy and secure data exchange. This paper addresses the complexities of secure data exchange within decentralized systems, focusing on encryption techniques, access control mechanisms, and data integrity verification. We begin by analyzing the impending risks and limitations within decentralized systems, including the potential for unauthorized access and data breaches from vulnerable points present in decentralized system entities. Subsequently, we analyze and explore modern methods of encryption to safeguard confidential data while also ensuring privacy. Furthermore, we examine access control strategies and integrity verification protocols, which play crucial roles in ensuring that data remains secure against unwarranted access and reliable across distributed ecosystems. Our findings emphasize the need for robust and intricate security measures adapted to the unique framework of decentralized systems. This study aims to advance the understanding of privacy and security in decentralized systems while serving as a stepping stone and valuable resource for future research.

Towards forward secure verifiable data streaming with support for keyword query

Verifiable data streaming (VDS) allows users to continuously upload their encrypted data items to untrusted cloud servers to reduce the burden of local storage. Meanwhile, it enables users to update outsourced data and initiate queries to verify data integrity. However, most previous works focus on queries for a certain index and are not compatible with general keyword queries. To this end, we propose a VDS protocol that supports keyword queries. Specifically, we first present an efficient dynamic symmetric searchable encryption (DSSE) with range query, which can represent multiple queried keywords within a range as the concise query token, thereby achieving communication-optimized keyword queries while achieving unbounded data appending. Furthermore, we construct a new VDS protocol supporting keyword queries by integrating the proposed range DSSE. Specifically, suppose the user searches for multiple keywords within a certain range. In that case, cloud servers can match the corresponding data items based on the user's query token, and users can verify the integrity of these data items. Security analysis demonstrates that our VDS protocol achieves forward security. Experimental results show that it sacrifices acceptable costs in exchange for keyword retrieval capability.

BCDA: A blockchain-based dynamic auditing scheme for intelligent IoT

Intelligent Internet of Things (IoT) provides services for machine learning applications by collecting real-time data, where data correctness crucially impacts the training accuracy of models. Data owners host incremental real-time data in the cloud and use blockchain as a public platform for data query, usage, and certification. Malicious attackers may manipulate data through methods like data poisoning, compromising model parameters. Blockchain-based data integrity verification (auditing) schemes can effectively detect and monitor such activities. However, managing the storage demands for massive on-chain data certificates poses significant challenges. Existing compressed certificate storage strategies, such as the Merkle-Hash tree (MHT), incur significant on-chain storage costs because the auxiliary paths and the entire tree structure must be uploaded during verification, resulting in an O(n) storage overhead. Polynomial commitments offer a promising alternative by reducing storage costs to hundreds of bytes. However, current polynomial commitment methods lack effective support for incremental data updates, which are essential for real-time applications. In this paper, we propose a novel polynomial commitment-based dynamic integrity verification scheme that implements cumulative commitment updates for the first time. Our scheme includes a new data block insertion and deletion strategy that maintains the original order of data blocks within polynomial commitments. Theoretical security analysis confirms the robustness of the proposed scheme, while simulation results demonstrate that it meets the efficiency requirements for blockchain-based distributed data integrity verification mechanisms.

Proof of Inaction for outsourced data with exhaustive audit

In the existing environment of cloud storage and distributed hosting solutions, it is imperative to ensure the long-term preservation of inactive data like keyring backups and essential system logs, as these cannot afford the smallest error or data loss during storage. The current methods of subset sampling for data integrity verification fall short of these critical demands. To solve this problem, we introduce Proof of Inaction (PoI), an innovative framework for verifying the integrity of inactive data through verifiable computation principles. First, during the data owner’s exhaustive audit, the storage provider must maintain complete possession of all data to validate storage integrity, which means failing any integrity challenge if even a single bit is missing. Second, PoI enables the verification of storage integrity for both single and multiple copies of data, supporting an unlimited number of challenges in each scenario. Utilizing the co-CDH assumption, we validate the correctness and soundness of our approach with the random oracle model. Both theoretical analysis and empirical evidence suggest that PoI’s challenge and verification process do not escalate in overhead as the size of the challenged files increases, offering an enhancement over traditional data integrity verification methods.

Anonymous data sharing scheme for resource-constrained internet of things environments

With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in industrial, agricultural, medical and other fields, IoT terminal devices face security and privacy challenges when sharing data. Among them, ensuring data confidentiality, achieving dual-side privacy protection, and performing reliable data integrity verification are basic requirements. Especially in resource-constrained environments, limitations in the storage, computing, and communication capabilities of devices increase the difficulty of implementing these security safeguards. To address this problem, this paper proposes a resource-constrained anonymous data-sharing scheme (ADS-RC) for the IoT. In ADS-RC, we use elliptic curve operations to replace computation-intensive bilinear pairing operations, thereby reducing the computational and communication burden on end devices. We combine an anonymous verifiable algorithm and an attribute encryption algorithm to ensure double anonymity and data confidentiality during the data-sharing process. To deal with potential dishonest behavior, this solution supports the revocation of malicious user permissions. In addition, we designed a batch data integrity verification algorithm and stored verification evidence on the blockchain to ensure the security and traceability of data during transmission and storage. Through experimental verification, the ADS-RC scheme achieves reasonable efficiency in correctness, security and efficiency, providing a new solution for data sharing in resource-constrained IoT environments.

PENERAPAN ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD UNTUK SISTEM LOGIN DAN REGISTRASI PADA SISTEM INFORMASI PENJUALAN (STUDI KASUS:TOKO ILHAM BANJAR)

Data security in sales information systems has become a critical priority in today's digital era. Ilham Banjar Store needs a system that can effectively protect user data, especially in login and registration features, which are vulnerable to security threats. The lack of encryption mechanisms in the current system results in user data, such as passwords, being transmitted in plaintext, increasing the risk of unauthorized access and data modification. Therefore, this study aims to enhance the security of the Ilham Banjar Store's sales information system by implementing the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 256-bit Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) method in the login and registration processes. The research method used is Research and Development (RD), consisting of stages such as literature review, needs analysis, system design, implementation, testing, evaluation, and analysis. The implementation of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) involves the encryption processes of AddRoundKey, SubBytes, ShiftRows, and MixColumns, and the decryption processes are the inverse of these encryption steps. Testing includes measuring encryption and decryption times as well as verifying data integrity using HMAC (Hash-Based Message Authentication Code). The research results show that the performance testing indicates encryption and decryption times remain within acceptable limits, and the encrypted and decrypted data maintain their integrity. Thus, the new system meets both security and performance requirements.

Cloud in Blockchain Technologies

Cloud computing and blockchain technology have become essential ideas in the field of IT, providing new ways to handle data. Cloud computing offers internet-based access to computing resources like servers and storage, while blockchain guarantees the accountability and immutability of data transactions with its distributed ledger system. Combining these technologies can enhance organizations' capabilities in data security and management. Businesses can utilize scalable infrastructure on cloud platforms by implementing blockchain technology, eliminating the need for large investments in physical resources. This integration improves the ability to access blockchain networks, making interactions easier across different locations and devices. Additionally, it enhances data security and privacy measures by enabling encrypted connections and strong authentication methods in cloud-based blockchain systems. Yet, obstacles remain in guaranteeing the authenticity and protection of information kept in multi-cloud settings, requiring effective authentication measures. To tackle these difficulties, this article presents a method for verifying data integrity in multi-cloud storage using blockchain technology, utilizing the decentralized aspect of blockchain to improve transparency and security. The plan automates verification procedures through smart contracts and cryptographic hashing, allowing for integrity checks at both a general and specific level across multiple Cloud Service Providers (CSPs). The proposed scheme has its effectiveness and reliability validated through theoretical analysis and experimental results, highlighting its potential to improve the security and efficiency of multi-cloud storage systems. INDEX TERMS: Cloud Computing, Blockchain Technology, Data Integrity Verification, Multi-Cloud Storage, Smart Contracts, Cryptographic Hashing, Security, Transparency.

Enhancing Accounting Informatization Through Cloud Data Integrity Verification: A Bilinear Pairing Approach

Enhancing Accounting Informatization Through Cloud Data Integrity Verification: A Bilinear Pairing Approach

클라우드 에지 환경에서 블록체인 서명 키를 이용한 무결성 검증 기법

클라우드 에지 환경에서 블록체인 서명 키를 이용한 무결성 검증 기법

Automatic Translation of English Terms for Computer Network Security Based on Deep Learning

Translation computer network security refers to the protection of sensitive information during the transmission of data across networks in different languages. With the increasing globalization of businesses and communications, the need for secure translation services has become paramount. Security measures such as encryption, authentication, and data integrity verification play a crucial role in safeguarding translations from unauthorized access, interception, or tampering. Additionally, the use of secure communication protocols and encryption algorithms ensures that data remains confidential and protected from cyber threats. This paper presents an automatic translation approach for English terms related to computer network security, leveraging deep learning techniques with Cryptographic Hashing Authentication Classification (CHAC). The proposed framework aims to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of translating security terms across different languages, facilitating effective communication and collaboration in cybersecurity contexts. Through simulated experiments and empirical validations, the effectiveness of the CHAC-enhanced deep learning model is evaluated, demonstrating significant improvements in translation accuracy and performance. For instance, the CHAC model achieved an average accuracy rate of 90% in translating security terms, outperforming traditional translation methods by 20%. Additionally, the framework reduced translation time by 30%, streamlining the process of generating multilingual security documentation and communications. These results underscore the potential of deep learning with CHAC in automating the translation of English terms for computer network security, enhancing global cybersecurity efforts and facilitating cross-cultural collaboration.

EPri-MDAS: An efficient privacy-preserving multiple data aggregation scheme without trusted authority for fog-based smart grid

With the increasingly pervasive deployment of fog servers, fog computing extends data processing and analysis to network edges. At the same time, as the next-generation power grid, the smart grid should meet the requirements of security, efficiency, and real-time monitoring of user energy consumption. By utilizing the low-latency and distributed properties of fog computing, it can improve communication efficiency and user service satisfaction in smart grids. For the sake of providing adequate functionality for the power grid, various schemes have been proposed. Whereas, many methods are vulnerable to privacy leakage since the existence of trusted authority may increase the exposure to threats. In this paper, we propose the EPri-MDAS: an Efficient Privacy-preserving Multiple Data Aggregation Scheme without trusted authority based on the ElGamal homomorphic cryptosystem, which achieves both data integrity verification and data source authentication with the most efficient block cipher-based authenticated encryption algorithm. It performs well in energy efficiency with strong security. Especially, the proposed multidimensional aggregation statistics scheme can perform the fine-grained data analyses; it also allows for fault tolerance while protecting personal privacy. The security analysis and simulation experiments show that EPri-MDAS can satisfy the security requirements and work efficiently in the smart grid.

Enhancing secure multi-group data sharing through integration of IPFS and hyperledger fabric.

Data sharing is increasingly important across various industries. However, issues such as data integrity verification during sharing, encryption key leakage, and difficulty sharing data between different user groups have been identified. To address these challenges, this study proposes a multi-group data sharing network model based on Consortium Blockchain and IPFS for P2P sharing. This model uses a dynamic key encryption algorithm to provide secure data sharing, avoiding the problems associated with existing data transmission techniques such as key cracking or data leakage due to low security and reliability. Additionally, the model establishes an IPFS network for users within the group, allowing for the generation of data probes to verify data integrity, and the use of the Fabric network to record log information and probe data related to data operations and encryption. Data owners retain full control over access to their data to ensure privacy and security. The experimental results show that the system proposed in this study has wide applicability.

Enhancing Secure and Reliable Data Transfer through Robust Integrity

Cloud computing has emerged as a highly efficient platform that allows multiple users to access various services through virtualization on a shared physical network. The participants in a Cloud Computing (CC) environment include Cloud Service Providers (CSP), Consumers, Brokers, and Auditors. The advantages of cloud storage, such as universal network access, convenience, and scalability, have led to data owners preferring to store their data on remote servers. However, the transfer of outsourced data has become a critical requirement for cloud users due to the availability of different cloud storage services with varying quality of services.
 One major challenge in this context is ensuring the security of secret keys and data integrity. There is no guarantee of data integrity when storing data on an untrusted cloud server. To address this issue, this paper proposes a secure and efficient data integrity verification scheme for cloud storage services. The scheme utilizes a key-homomorphic cryptographic primitive to reduce system complexity and eliminate the need for a public key authentication framework based on a public key infrastructure (PKI) in the data integrity checking protocol. By employing this approach, the proposed method ensures the integrity of remote data stored on cloud servers. Through security analysis and empirical evaluation, it is demonstrated that our scheme is both practical and effective for securely sharing records with multiple owners in cloud computing.

Blockchain based Quantum Resistant Signature Algorithm for Data Integrity Verification in Cloud and Internet of Everything

INTRODUCTION: The processing and storage capacities of the Internet of Everything (IoE) platform are restricted, but the cloud can readily provide efficient computing resources and scalable storage. The Internet of Everything (IoE) has expanded its capabilities recently by employing cloud resources in multiple ways. Cloud service providers (CSP) offer storage resources where extra data can be stored. These methods can be used to store user data over the CSP while maintaining data integrity and security. The secure storage of data is jeopardized by concerns like malicious system damage, even though the CSP's storage devices are highly centralized. Substantial security advancements have been made recently as a result of using blockchain technology to protect data transported to networks. In addition, the system's inclusive efficacy is enhanced, which lowers costs in comparison to earlier systems. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of the study is to a blockchain-based data integrity verification scheme is presented to provide greater scalability and utilization of cloud resources while preventing data from entering the cloud from being corrupted. METHODS: In this paper, we propose a novel method of implementing blockchain in order to enhance the security of data stores in cloud. RESULTS: The simulations indicate that the proposed approach is more effective in terms of data security and data integrity. Furthermore, the comparative investigation demonstrated that the purported methodology is far more effective and competent than prevailing methodologies. CONCLUSIONS: The model evaluations demonstrated that the proposed approach is quite effective in data security.

Blockchain assisted blind signature algorithm with data integrity verification scheme

SummaryAs the demand for cloud storage systems increases, ensuring the security and integrity of cloud data becomes a challenge. Data uploaded to cloud systems are vulnerable to numerous sorts of assaults, which must be handled appropriately to avoid data tampering issues. In addition, quantum computers are expected to be introduced soon, which may face multiple security issues by destroying all traditional cryptosystems. This work introduces a quantum‐resistant blockchain centered data integrity verification system with the use of several techniques. Initially, the keys and signatures are generated by the users with the help of the lattice‐based blind signature algorithm (L_BSA), which is a combination of lattice cryptography and a blind signature algorithm. From the generated random keys, the most optimal key is then selected by the Puzzle Optimization Algorithm (POA), which is then made available to the encryption phase. Then, the upgraded Merkle tree‐assisted vacuum filter (Vac‐UMT) algorithm is executed to accomplish the encryption task. Then the data are converted into blocks using blockchain technology and uploaded to the cloud. When receiving the audit requests, the verification process is carried out, and the evidence report is generated for the users. The proposed work is simulated in JAVA and assessed with the UNSW‐NB15 dataset, and the outcomes demonstrated that the system is highly efficient and secure.

Revocable and verifiable weighted attribute-based encryption with collaborative access for electronic health record in cloud

The encryption of user data is crucial when employing electronic health record services to guarantee the security of the data stored on cloud servers. Attribute-based encryption (ABE) scheme is considered a powerful encryption technique that offers flexible and fine-grained access control capabilities. Further, the multi-user collaborative access ABE scheme additionally supports users to acquire access authorization through collaborative works. However, the existing multi-user collaborative access ABE schemes do not consider the different weights of collaboration users. Therefore, using these schemes for weighted multi-user collaborative access results in redundant attributes, which inevitably reduces the efficiency of the ABE scheme. This paper proposes a revocable and verifiable weighted attribute-based encryption with collaborative access scheme (RVWABE-CA), which can provide efficient weighted multi-user collaborative access, user revocation, and data integrity verification, as the fundamental cornerstone for establishing a robust framework to facilitate secure sharing of electronic health records in a public cloud environment. In detail, this scheme employs a novel weighted access tree to eliminate redundant attributes, utilizes encryption version information to control user revocation, and establishes Merkle Hash Tree for data integrity verification. We prove that our scheme is resistant against chosen plaintext attack. The experimental results demonstrate that our scheme has significant computational efficiency advantages compared to related works, without increasing storage or communication overhead. Therefore, the RVWABE-CA scheme can provide an efficient and flexible weighted collaborative access control and user revocation mechanism as well as data integrity verification for electronic health record systems.