Digital Communication Devices Research Articles

High-efficiency electromagnetic shielding based on multipolar effect in RGO/MXene aerogels decorated with ordered Fe3O4 cluster

With the widespread use of digital systems and electronic communication devices, there is an urgent need to develop lightweight and efficient electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials to address the growing problem of radiation pollution. RGO/MXene/Fe3O4 aerogels were successfully designed and synthesised using a one-step hydrothermal process induced by an external magnetic field in this study. Reduced graphene RGO, MXene nanosheets and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were suitably assembled together to achieve the combined advantages. The aerogels exhibited large specific surface area and hierarchical porosity. The material not only achieves an effective synergy between magnetic loss and dielectric loss, but also exhibits satisfactory EMI shielding performance. Magnetic field induced RGO/MXene/Fe3O4 aerogels (MIRMFE-2) exhibits the best EMI shielding performance with an average SET value of 76.9 dB. The excellent shielding performance of MIRMFE is attributed to both its 3D porous structure and the high dielectric loss due to multiple polarization relaxation, magnetic loss due to eddy current loss and natural resonance. The synthesis of MIRMFE provides an effective method for, designing high-performance and lightweight EMI shielding materials.

A new model of ultra wideband sensors based interactive system

Camera Based Interactive Systems have found their application in various fields of human activity, such as education, industry, entertainment, healthcare, public order, etc. It could be noted that in the characteristics of such a system, certain shortcomings or weaknesses could be highlighted. To reduce these weaknesses, a new model, based on digital communication devices in the wideband radio frequency spectrum is proposed. The technology used is ultra-wideband based, through the construction of a wireless sensor network. This paper proposes a model of an ultra-wideband wireless sensor-based interactive system that implements the spatial orientation approach and the precise local positioning approach. A synthesis of the new model comprises four phases.

Children’s Subjective Well-Being During the Coronavirus Pandemic

How did the coronavirus pandemic affect the subjective well-being (SWB) of children? In this paper, we use data from the Children’s World Survey, encompassing 9,684 children aged 9 to 15 residing in nine European countries. Our goal is to evaluate the influence of both material —access to digital communication devices— and immaterial factors —information sources about Covid-19, activities conducted during lockdown, and the extent of social support— on children’s SWB during the pandemic. We also account for individual characteristics, such as age and gender, as well as country-specific effects. The analysis, employing ordinary least-squares (OLS) and ordered logit (OLogit) methods, reveals that various factors contributed to reduced SWB in children during the pandemic. These factors include loneliness, a lack of active leisure activities, fragmented family environments, and insufficient or no social support from teachers or friends. Additionally, the absence of internet access and reliable sources of information about coronavirus negatively affected children’s SWB. However, lacking the material conditions for networking was a less prominent concern for children compared to the absence of support from family and friends or the inability to engage in activities that they deemed valuable for themselves or others.

Design Analysis Achievement Target Database Information System at SEAMEO RECFON

SEAMEO Regional Center for Food and Nutrition (RECFON), is an organization of Southeast Asian Ministers of Education in the field of food and nutrition. The activities carried out by SEAMEO RECFON already have a fairly good system, but there are several problems SEAMEO RECFON actively conducts education, research, training, and community empowerment activities so the need for up-to-date information on food and nutrition topics and services and facilities support all these activities is very important. This important task must be supported by adequate facilities, including the procurement of data processing and communication devices capable of supporting RECFON's activities. For this reason, the author takes the title "Analysis and Design of the Target Achievement Database Information System System at SEAMEO RECFON " This SI / IT strategic planning is made using the Ward and Peppard framework with several analysis methods, namely value chain analysis, by mapping what are the main and supporter activities at SEAMEO RECFON and analyzing the problems of each activity. To see the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, a SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Thread) analysis is used. Factors that are successful and can solve problems and needs are used in CSFs (Critical Success Factors) analysis. McFarlan Strategic Grid analysis is used to map existing applications in DPPKA Kampar based on categories, namely support, Key Operational, Strategic, and High Potential. The results achieved through this analysis method are recommendations in the form of 19 information systems, 10 information technologies, and 4 SI and IT management. The information system and information technology are made in the form of a roadmap that will be implemented over the next 3 years by SEAMEO RECFON

A Cyber–Physical–Social Perspective on Future Smart Distribution Systems

An increasing number of distributed energy resources (DERs), such as rooftop photovoltaic (PV), electric vehicles (EVs), and distributed energy storage, are being integrated into the distribution systems. The rise of DERs has come hand-in-hand with large amounts of data generated and explosive growth in data collection, communication, and control devices. In addition, a massive number of consumers are involved in the interaction with the power grid to provide flexibility. Electricity consumers, power networks, and communication networks are three main parts of the distribution systems, which are deeply coupled. In this sense, smart distribution systems can be essentially viewed as cyber–physical–social systems. So far, extensive works have been conducted on the intersection of cyber, physical, and social aspects in distribution systems. These works involve two or three of the cyber, physical, and social aspects. Having a better understanding of how the three aspects are coupled can help to better model, monitor, control, and operate future smart distribution systems. In this regard, this article provides a comprehensive review of the coupling relationships among the cyber, physical, and social aspects of distribution systems. Remarkably, several emerging topics that challenge future cyber–physical–social distribution systems, including applications of 5G communication, the impact of COVID-19, and data privacy issues, are discussed. This article also envisions several future research directions or challenges regarding cyber–physical–social distribution systems.

A digital “flat affect”? Popular speech compression codecs and their effects on emotional prosody

IntroductionCalls via video apps, mobile phones and similar digital channels are a rapidly growing form of speech communication. Such calls are not only— and perhaps less and less— about exchanging content, but about creating, maintaining, and expanding social and business networks. In the phonetic code of speech, these social and emotional signals are considerably shaped by (or encoded in) prosody. However, according to previous studies, it is precisely this prosody that is significantly distorted by modern compression codecs. As a result, the identification of emotions becomes blurred and can even be lost to the extent that opposing emotions like joy and anger or disgust and sadness are no longer differentiated on the recipients' side. The present study searches for the acoustic origins of these perceptual findings.MethodA set of 108 sentences from the Berlin Database of Emotional Speech served as speech material in our study. The sentences were realized by professional actors (2m, 2f) with seven different emotions (neutral, fear, disgust, joy, boredom, anger, sadness) and acoustically analyzed in the original uncompressed (WAV) version and as well as in strongly compressed versions based on the four popular codecs AMR-WB, MP3, OPUS, and SPEEX. The analysis included 6 tonal (i.e. f0-related) and 7 non-tonal prosodic parameters (e.g., formants as well as acoustic-energy and spectral-slope estimates).ResultsResults show significant, codec-specific distortion effects on all 13 prosodic parameter measurements compared to the WAV reference condition. Means values of automatic measurement can, across sentences, deviate by up to 20% from the values of the WAV reference condition. Moreover, the effects go in opposite directions for tonal and non-tonal parameters. While tonal parameters are distorted by speech compression such that the acoustic differences between emotions are increased, compressing non-tonal parameters make the acoustic-prosodic profiles of emotions more similar to each other, particularly under MP3 and SPEEX compression.DiscussionThe term “flat affect” comes from the medical field and describes a person's inability to express or display emotions. So, does strong compression of emotional speech create a “digital flat affect”? The answer to this question is a conditional “yes”. We provided clear evidence for a “digital flat affect”. However, it seems less strongly pronounced in the present acoustic measurements than in previous perception data, and it manifests itself more strongly in non-tonal than in tonal parameters. We discuss the practical implications of our findings for the everyday use of digital communication devices and critically reflect on the generalizability of our findings, also with respect to their origins in the codecs' inner mechanics.

Phase Stability and Dual-Mode Photoluminescence Modulation in Er-Doped Lead Zirconate Titanate Antiferroelectrics.

The electric-field-modulation (E-modulation) of photoluminescence (PL) properties in bulk ceramics has attracted tremendous interest due to its potential application in optical data storage and communication devices. One promising approach of reversibly and largely modulating the PL intensity has been proposed in rare-earth Er3+-doped Pb0.96La0.04Zr0.9Ti0.1O3 (PLZT) antiferroelectrics (AFEs) based on the unique E-dependent antiferroelectric-ferroelectric (AFE-FE) phase transition. However, the AFE phase stability of PLZT doped with various Er contents and their E-modulated PL properties have not been systematically investigated. In this paper, the intrinsic AFE phase of PLZT-Er is found to be stabilized in the high-temperature and high-E regions with increasing Er3+ content. The enhanced AFE nature caused by increasing Er doping leads to a larger E-dependent PL tunability (∼35%). Moreover, the ceramics exhibit the characteristics of both upconversion and downconversion PL (UCPL and DCPL) effects. Based on the excellent E-dependent dual-mode PL tunability, an optoelectronic device named the optical latch is demonstrated, where an electric signal can be used to trigger a notable intensity change in both the UCPL and DCPL modes. This reversible E-dependent dual-mode capability in PLZT-Er sheds light on a feasible approach to optoelectronic applications.

Bias field orientation driven reconfigurable magnonics and magnon−magnon coupling in triangular shaped Ni80Fe20 nanodot arrays

Reconfigurable magnonics have attracted intense interest due to their myriad advantages including energy efficiency, easy tunability and miniaturization of on-chip data communication and processing devices. Here, we demonstrate efficient reconfigurability of spin-wave (SW) dynamics as well as SW avoided crossing by varying bias magnetic field orientation in triangular shaped Ni80Fe20 nanodot arrays. In particular, for a range of in-plane angles of bias field, we achieve mutual coherence between two lower frequency modes leading to a drastic modification in the ferromagnetic resonance frequency. Significant modification in magnetic stray field distribution is observed at the avoided crossing regime due to anisotropic dipolar interaction between two neighbouring dots. Furthermore, using micromagnetic simulations we demonstrate that the hybrid SW modes propagate longer through an array as opposed to the non-interacting modes present in this system, indicating the possibility of coherent energy transfer of hybrid magnon modes. This result paves the way for the development of integrated on-chip magnonic devices operating in the gigahertz frequency regime.

Development of Virtual Painting Method using OpenCV Library with Finger Gesture on Online Learning Platform

With the pandemic situation that has occurred for the last two years to date, educators and students carry out many learning activities online. Learning activities are carried out using virtual meeting media, the concept of meetings and discussion processes that are carried out virtually with existing digital communication devices. From the problems, it was found that students were likelier to be less active when learning theory than practice, which made it difficult for educators to find various media that would be given to students to support online learning activities to be more interactive. This study discusses the creation of a system that can be a medium for delivering helpful material to improve the quality of interaction between educators and students. A virtual painter is one of the media to support the online interactive learning process, where educators can complete the material presented with a clearer picture that educators provide to students. Virtual painters are used to tracking finger pattern movements where the user moves his hand as needed, namely drawing and release, which educators can use to deliver more interactive material to students in theoretical and practical learning. The system design method used in building the virtual painting is Rapid Application Development (RAD) which is carried out through 8 stages, starting from Requirements Analysis to Operation and Maintenance. Next, the diagram design uses UML notation and the phyton with OpenCV coding process. After the virtual painter had been made, an evaluation was conducted and resulted in a positive impression of all six scales: attractiveness, efficiency, clarity, precision, stimulation, and novelty.

Innovation in Constrained Codes

Constrained coding is a somewhat nebulous term which we may define by either inclusion or exclusion. A constrained system is defined by a constrained set of “good” or “allowable” sequences to be recorded or transmitted. Constrained coding focuses on the analysis of constrained systems and the design of efficient encoders and decoders that transform arbitrary user sequences into constrained sequences. Constrained coding has extensively been used since the advent in the 1950s of digital storage and communication devices. They have found application in all hard disk, non-volatile memories, and optical discs, such as CD, DVD, and Blu-Ray Disc, and they are now projected for usage in DNA-based storage. We survey theory and practice of constrained coding, tracing the evolution of the subject from its origins in Shannon's classic 1948 paper to present-day applications in DNA-based data storage systems.

Cantor Pairing lightweight key generation for wireless body area networks

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) are getting grandness due to the low-cost digital sensor communication devices. Implantable tiny sensor nodes and wearable sensor nodes are getting membership in a WBAN network. The characteristics of these member nodes are hugely different in terms of processing power and communication technology. Therefore, the nature of a WBAN network comes under heterogeneous category. Combining different types of nodes under one roof with a communication protocol is one of the perplexed tasks of WBAN. Security and Power consumption are the prime concerns in WBAN networks. High security communication protocols consume more power whereas low power consuming protocols lack some security. Equilibrating the balance between power, performance and security is an inevitable chore while designing communication protocols for WBAN. This work named as Cantor Pairing Light Weight Key Generation (CPLKG) is targeted to improve the security without impacting the performance in terms of Throughput, End-to-End delay, Packet Delivery Ratio, Memory and Power consumption. Device ID Hash Function (DHF), Cantor Pairing Key Generation (CPKG) and Cantor Pairing Key Revocation (CPKR) are the contributed functional blocks used to construct the proposed CPLKG method.

Multifunctionality in ferromagnetic shape memory alloy-based resistive switching memory for flexible ReRAM application

Multifunctional flexible electronics is the ongoing demand for fabricating wearable data storage and communication devices. The magnetoelectric (ME) heterostructure consisting of piezoelectric (AlN) and ferromagnetic magnetic shape memory alloy [FSMA (Ni–Mn–In)] was fabricated over stainless steel (SS) substrate for resistive random access memory application. The Cu/AlN/FSMA/SS metal–insulator–metal based memory cell displays bipolar resistive switching (RS) behavior. The formation of Cu metallic filament at a particular SET voltage leads the memory cell in a low resistance state (LRS) from its pristine high resistance state (HRS). The LRS and HRS are explained well by Ohmic and space charge limited conduction mechanisms, respectively. The fabricated memory cell displays excellent endurance and data retention capability with a high OFF/ON ratio of ∼1.2 × 103. Furthermore, the multifunctionality of the ME heterostructure-based RAM was investigated by tuning the SET voltage with ambiance temperature and external magnetic field remotely. A significant change in the SET voltage could be ascribed to the temperature and magnetic field-induced strain transferred to the AlN piezoelectric layer from the magnetostrictive FSMA (Ni–Mn–In) bottom electrode. The residual Lorentz force explains the remotely tuned LRS and HRS in the transverse magnetic field for multi-bit data storage applications. Moreover, the RS characteristics remain stable even after 800 bending cycles as well as with bending angle (0°–180°). Hence, the present ME heterostructure integrated with flexible SS substrate can be a better choice for highly flexible, low-cost, and multifunctional futuristic RAM applications.

Measuring Immersion, Involvement, and Attention Focusing Tendencies in the Mediated Environment: The Applicability of the Immersive Tendencies Questionnaire.

This study explores the personal predispositions and dependencies while individuals use digital media and communication devices and analyses the statistical features of the Immersive Tendencies Questionnaire (ITQ) that is popular in assessing the personality trait-dependent reaction to mediated environments. The study evaluated 781 healthy graduates and postgraduates, of which 192 were men (average age: 28.6 years) and 589 were women (average age: 28.4 years). We applied several questionnaires to measure immersive tendencies in a mediated environment, adaptive and maladaptive personality predispositions, and problematic Internet use and Facebook addiction scales. We analyze the statistical features of the long and short forms of the Immersive Tendencies Questionnaire. The data obtained support the reliable usage of the short form of the instrument. The factor structure of the questionnaire presents dual facets. First, it indicates an absorptive and immersive tendency in any case of maladaptive tendencies. Second, it reflects an intensive capability to focus on the mediated environment with adequate cognitive control to avoid any contingency of being addicted. The short form of the ITQ is reliable and adequate to assess the relationship between the self-referred and environment-dependent psychological functions.

Wireless Technology is Easy to Use

Wireless networking is the connection of computers, digital communication devices, network equipment, and various other devices via radio waves. It is applied in places where the wired infrastructure cannot be installed or the price of introducing such a structure is too high. In addition, it has some features that are a great advantage over wired networking, such as customer mobility, easy expandability, and fast and low-cost temporary networking. Wireless technology allows us mobility and ease of use, but most users do not think about security. Users are insufficiently informed about the dangers of the Internet. Many of them do not pay attention to that and access important data such as bank accounts, e-mail, and any other contents that must be preserved and hidden. Today, there are more and more malicious actions, where hackers use various methods and technologies to attack users' accounts, bypassing all protections. Today, the issue of security is one of the priorities for every Internet user. Due to its characteristics, wireless communication is exposed to attacks due to the way they are sent, and there is a possibility of intercepting information.

Indigenous data in effective humanitarian responses


 
 
 In the international humanitarian landscape, crisis interventions are deployed based on a long-standing working culture that presupposes that local authorities are usually overwhelmed during a crisis and unable to mobilise local capacity. Thus, external human resource mobilisation is necessary. However, this may only be true in various instances, such as natural disasters, where rapid response is needed to extinguish further harm to human life. In most cases, there are no mechanisms to make prior assessments that can inform decision-makers about the kind of international assistance needed in the local context.
 This is because existing data for the availability of resources is produced mainly by international aid agencies and their governing political institutions. This database of knowledge, which leans heavily on a post-colonial Anglocentric viewpoint about ‘best practices’, is used as the baseline to assess the ability of potential partners to mobilise their resources, while failing to include the capacity of local agents to determine what capacity exists in a particular context, what they are already capable of delivering and how best to support their response system (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction [UNISDR] 2008).
 However, as access to digital communication devices and other globally useful technology in resource-constrained rural settings continues to emerge, this may soon change. This paper explores the ways in which Indigenous and local knowledge should contribute to the exploration of intelligent and sustainable solutions that are well-suited within the local context to mitigate and understand humanitarian crises before, during and after they occur, and how to curate, analyse and use local data and knowledge systems to create innovations that are sustainable and adaptive to the priorities of the local population.
 
 

What kind of social work in what kind of virtual space?

ABSTRACT Social work with children and youth in vulnerable positions has traditionally been associated with face-to-face meetings and a reflective, trustworthy social worker. Digital efforts to make social work more efficient have changed the ways in which social work is conducted, and face-to-face work is now increasingly mediated by a screen or other digital communication devices. This article conceptualises social work as situated in relational and dynamic spaces, and uses Rosa’s concept of acceleration in society, combined with an ethical-body perspective, to offer insight into how social work takes place in digital spaces. We understand ‘technology’ as grounded in Science and Technology Studies (STS) in which technology itself has agency, and technology use is understood as a complex dynamic involving functionality, use and competences as well as the social situations in which technology is incorporated. Empirically, the article draws on examples from the research project ‘The digitally competent social worker’, in which fieldwork was conducted in twelve Danish municipalities. The article concludes that although positive outcomes occur when social workers use digital communication devices, the continuous development of digital technology requires them to be continuously trained in how to work professionally with digital devices, so that they can identify and reflect on the deficits of the various technologies deployed. Further, the accelerating speed of social work promised by digital technologies risks squeezing out ‘reflection’ in favour of an automated, non-critical reflex due to reduced case complexity and curtailed spaces for legal discretion, both of which are exacerbated by digital devices.

SmartCards as Analogous Tools to Operate Tablet Computers for Elderly-A Feasibility Study.

Background: Older adults sometimes shy away from using modern digital communication devices due to lacking experience and fear of failure. Within the present project, SmartCards were developed as analogous means to operate tablet computers for older adults with little previous computer experience. We investigated whether the SmartCards-Tablet-System would (a) increase use of digital communication and (b) affect loneliness, autonomy, cognitive ability and wellbeing of the users. Methods: The suitability and acceptance of the system was evaluated during a three month trial period with seniors in retirement homes, seniors with home assistance care and a waiting control group. Results: Acceptance, duration of use and frequency of use were high in both experimental groups. Cognitive ability significantly improved after three months’ use in both experimental groups. Effects on loneliness, autonomy and wellbeing could not be observed. Discussion: Our results indicate that seniors are very much able and curious to use modern digital devices if the interface and hardware are adjusted to their needs and capabilities without being stigmatizing. The use of modern communication services and the World Wide Web can promote contact of seniors with their (younger) relatives.

Design and Implementation of a Low Power Consumption of ASK, FSK PSK, and QSK Modulators Based on FPAA Technology

Wireless communication techniques have become more popular due to their characteristics. These systems adopt the digital modification application, which provides more information for transmission and compatibility with digital data services as well as high information security and quality improvement. Digital wave signal-based communication techniques such as PSK, FSK, ASK, and QPSK considered among the most significant digital modulation techniques. These technologies are a crucial part of digital communication systems. Digital communication devices designed by FPAAs can provide multiple communication without arranging new devices and can support new within seconds. FPAA is extremely easy to reconfigure and program concerning FPGA or DSP-based applications. This article offers real-time implementation of ASK, FSK PSK, and QPSK modulator techniques with low power consumption ”Žbased on the ”Žcapability for dynamic reprogramming of the FPAA AN231E04 device ”ŽAnadigm. FPAA techniques provide growing application and high pliability in the implementation of analog circuits. The measurements achieved from the proposed modulated circuits show that the form and properties of the theoretical outcomes agree perfectly with the practical outcomes. FPAA techniques provide growing application and high pliability in the implementation of analog circuits for minimizing the time of design and testing. Another feature is the minimum power exhaustion (165 mw) due to the switched capacitor method used by the FPAA Chip, which gives a high accuracy process.

GraphCrypto: Next generation data security approach towards sustainable smart city building

Data confidentiality and integrity are essential security goals in the data communication in the smart city or similar applications. Despite significant changes in modern data communication systems and devices, the cryptosystems are still the primary option to achieve data security. Several cryptosystems have been developed, implemented and standardized to date. However, there is always a continuous demand for a new cryptosystem for providing security during data communication. In this paper, a novel symmetric cryptosystem is presented for achieving data confidentiality. The proposed cryptosystem is a graph-based system, where an algebraic structure of directed graphs along with a novel operation is defined to provide the base of the cryptosystem. Here, a directed graph represents a plaintext, a ciphertext, and a secret key as well. The defined operation is used for encrypting and decrypting plaintext and ciphertext graphs. The proposed cryptosystem provides a simplified transformation process and representation of plaintext to plaintext graph. The correctness of the proposed cryptosystem is validated, and also shown that the conventional brute-force approach to obtain the key from either plaintext or ciphertext is exponential and this computational time is significantly higher than AES. This implies that the proposed cryptosystem is highly secured against this attack. The proposed cryptosystem is implemented and compared with AES and the results infer that it incurs a marginally higher execution time than the AES for larger plaintext due to the involvement of matrix operations.

View Fishermen's Perception of Fish Worth Catching at The Fish Landing Site Kuala Sorkam Central Tapanuli Regency North Sumatra Province

The fishing equipment used in Central Tapanuli Regency is dominated by gill net fishing equipment. This research was conducted in July at the Fish Landing Site Kuala Sorkam Central Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra. The research object used in this research is gillnet fishermen located in TPI Kuala Sorkam as resource persons, the fishermen are distinguished into fishermen, skippers and crew. The equipment used in this research is data collection devices, communication devices and laptops. The operation process of Gill Net fishing equipment has four stages, namely determining the location of fishing gound, net installation, net withdrawal, and the final process of moving the catch into the hold. Perception of Gill Net fishermen in TPI Kualla Sorkam generally fall into the medium category more than 50% of fishermen in that category try to comply with existing regulations but fishermen's knowledge of the size of fish worth catching is still lacking.