Dangerous Flight Research Articles

Research on dangerous flight weather prediction based on machine learning

Abstract With the continuous expansion of the scale of air transport, the demand for aviation meteorological support also continues to grow. The impact of hazardous weather on flight safety is critical. How to effectively use meteorological data to improve the early warning capability of flight dangerous weather and ensure the safe flight of aircraft is the primary task of aviation meteorological services. In this work, support vector machine (SVM) models are used to predict hazardous flight weather, especially for meteorological conditions with high uncertainty such as storms and turbulence. SVM is a supervised learning method that distinguishes between different classes of data by finding optimal decision boundaries in a high-dimensional space. To meet the needs of this study, we chose the radial basis function (RBF) as the kernel function, which helps to deal with nonlinear problems and enables the model to better capture complex meteorological data structures. During the model training phase, we used historical meteorological observations from multiple weather stations, including temperature, humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and other meteorological indicators closely related to flight safety. From this data, the SVM model learns how to distinguish between normal and dangerous flight weather conditions.

Neural Network-Based Hybrid Three-Dimensional Position Control for a Flapping Wing Aerial Vehicle.

This article presents a novel neural network-based hybrid mode-switching control strategy, which successfully stabilizes the flapping wing aerial vehicle (FWAV) to the desired 3-D position. First, a novel description for the dynamics, resolved in the proposed vertical frame, is proposed to facilitate further position loop controller design. Then, a radial base function neural network (RBFNN)-based adaptive control strategy is proposed, which employs a switching strategy to keep the system away from dangerous flight conditions and achieve efficient flight. The learning process of the neural network pauses, resumes, or alternates its update strategy when switching between different modes. Moreover, saturation functions and barrier Lyapunov functions (BLFs) are introduced to constrain the lateral velocity within proper ranges. The closed-loop system is theoretically guaranteed to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded with arbitrarily small bound, based on Lyapunov techniques and hybrid system analysis. Finally, experimental results demonstrate the excellent reliability and efficiency of the proposed controller. Compared to existing works, the innovations are the put forward of the vertical frame and the cooperative switching learning and control strategies.

Determination of the most dangerous flight modes of aircraft in icing conditions

In this paper, the object of research is the icing of aircraft surfaces during flight in the atmosphere. On many light aircraft, as well as on unmanned aircraft weighing less than 30 kg, there are no on-board de-icing systems. Nevertheless, aviation events occur with these aircraft, which are a consequence of their icing. Therefore, determining the most dangerous flight modes of aircraft in icing conditions is an urgent task. In view of the high cost of conducting flight tests and the impossibility of covering all possible events due to their potential danger, the complexity of creating flight conditions for aircraft in icing conditions on the ground, the mathematical modeling method was used in this study. To solve this problem, the analysis of the airworthiness standards of civil light aircraft, transport category aircraft, rotorcraft of normal and transport category was carried out within the framework of the work, the influence of various parameters on the thickness of ice build-up was investigated using a computational experiment conducted on the software developed by the authors of the article. On the basis of the results of the computational experiment, the dependences of the ice thickness on various icing parameters were obtained, a method was developed for determining the combination of heights and flight speeds of an aircraft, at which ice of the greatest thickness is formed on the surface of aircraft, other things being equal. Possession of this information will allow the aircraft crew and air traffic control specialists to avoid the most dangerous flight modes in terms of icing.

Analysis of the existing approaches to in-flight aircraft rerouting

Currently, the large number of aircraft accidents is associated with the loss of control in flight and a controlled flight into terrain. It frequently occurs due to a change of flight conditions, relatively which a preparation for departure was carried out, and involves the necessity to reroute efficiently in the conditions of increased psychophysiological load and time constraint for decisionmaking. Generated thunderstorm cells on route, artificial or natural obstacles, not considered while planning a route, can result in amending a flight plan, which was earlier accepted and implemented in the automatic, flight director or manual modes of control. The lack of comprehensive situational awareness is fairly a frequent cause of aviation accidents for general aviation aircraft. Aviation accidents of transport category aircraft are typically associated with incorrect crew actions when dangerous flight zones are detected along the route. The article represents an overview and analyzes modern onboard facilities to detect obstacles, as well as required pilot actions to reroute a flight for in-flight detected obstacle avoidance. The current level of avionics development provides situational awareness necessary for obstacles avoidance but requires timely, correct and sometimes non-obvious flight crew rerouting decisions. The algorithms used with robotic packages of various applications in related fields ensure the automatic rerouting for obstacle avoidance. They cannot be directly used or adapted for the implementation on board an aircraft due to the lack of consideration for aircraft specific features when obstacle avoidance routing, i.e., restrictions of control parameters (an angle of attack, overload, roll angle), capabilities of a control system (available rate of overload, available and maximally allowable angular rolling velocity, etc.). Therefore, the issue to develop a system to support pilot decisions for obstacle avoidance is relevant. It encompasses the synthesis of safe alternatives for obstacle avoidance which are optimal by a pilot-assigned criterion (minimum loss of time, minimum additional fuel consumption, etc.).

Combined Use of Aerial Remote Sensing and Terrestrial Survey in ICAO eTOD's Electronic Terrain- and Obstacle Data Collection

Maintaining and enhancing aviation safety at all times is an essential factor at various airports around the world. It is not enough to keep it at that level, as we also see from history that the volume of air traffic doubles almost every 15 years. The number of aircraft in traffic is constantly increasing, and airport infrastructure needs to be developed. Consequently, the challenges for aviation are also greater. Electronic Terrain- and Obstacle Data Collection (eTOD) at airports and their surroundings are an essential procedure for aviation safety that aims to organize databases of potentially dangerous flight obstacles. The process is based on passive optical aerial remote sensing from a fixed-wing aircraft. With the help of point cloud and geoinformatics software created during the processing of in-flight recordings and additional data, strictly defined terrain- and obstacle data can be organized into databases, the format of which is regulated by international standards and documents, according to which the obstacle database can be used internationally. These data sets are needed not only because they are required by law, but also because they form the basis for the design of various aircraft procedures and make a major contribution to safe aviation.

There Flies the Witch by Mayonn Paasewe-Valchev

Reviewed by: There Flies the Witch by Mayonn Paasewe-Valchev Fiona Hartley-Kroeger Paasewe-Valchev, Mayonn There Flies the Witch. Greenwillow, 2023 [224p] Trade ed. ISBN 9780062993649 $18.99 E-book ed. ISBN 9780062993663 $10.99 Reviewed from digital galleys R* Gr. 4-7 Where winged old Yakaka goes, flying far and wide to mend injured lands and waters, there too goes Red, her foundling daughter, carried on Yakaka's back. The pair share a life full of love, if not of plenty, but Red's contentment is marred by a recurring nightmare, her inability to effect healing with storytelling the way Yakaka can, and a hunger to know about her past and be sure of her place in the world. A dangerous flight over the ocean leaves Red stranded on an island where she must make a new life with a kind but complicated mother-and-son duo, the island's only other inhabitants, until time and finally a terrible storm bring more than one revelation to the surface. The cadenced storyteller's voice and short, propulsive sentences render every moment of the deceptively simple plot urgently alive. A wealth of earthy, quotidian detail provides some needed distance from the roiling emotional dynamics; beneath an exquisitely poetic skin, the novel brims with tensions between abandonment and isolation, fault and forgiveness, empowerment and self-realization. As an aspiring storyteller whose efforts often seem to fall short, Red is eminently relatable to novice (and experienced) storytellers: her composition process, visualized on-page, is replete with crossed-out vocabulary choices and passionately reimagined realities. As she comes into her own, readers are given a well-crafted lesson on finding one's voice to protect one's home. The novel's repeated verbal patterns and ecological concerns make it a good partner for Stringfellow's A Comb of Wishes (BCCB 01/22), and the relationship between Red and Yakaka calls up the complicated affection shared by Luna and Xan in Barnhill's The Girl Who Drank the Moon (BCCB 09/16). This is absolutely not to be missed. Copyright © 2023 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

Physiological Challenges of Space Travel and Ground-Based Simulation Possibilities for Monitoring Brain Circulatory Changes: A Rheoencephalography Study

The functional integrity of brain perfusion and oxygen transport profoundly determines mental performance during military flight missions and spaceflight. Presently, at the selection phase of pilot candidates, there are no screening methods to evaluate cerebral circulation and its autonomous regulation (AR), meanwhile the pilot information processing capacity could be insufficient in dangerous flight situations with high mental workload or during high “head-to-foot” G loads. On-board ISS (International Space Station) and during deep-space missions circulatory changes can be evolved in the opposite direction due to the microgravity: blood shift toward the head-neck region can increase ICP (Intracranial Pressure) and tenfold increase of carbon-dioxide concentration can provoke complaints and disturbances in eye and brain blood circulation (Space Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome – SANS). The alteration of brain perfusion dynamics and oxygen utilisation was investigated on the head-down tilting table (HDT) test and in the hypobaric (low-pressure) chamber. We registered the brain regional pulse wave changes by the bioimpedance (Rheoencephalography – REG) on 19 volunteers in rest and after the breath-holding manoeuvre. We found that during the head-down tilt (HDT) position, the amplitude of the second peak of the REG pulse wave increased, like the ICP pulse wave, being an unfavourable sign for intracranial pressure increase in clinical cases. Manual readings resulted in significant differences during HDT between the female (P = 0.0007) and male (P < 0.0001) groups. With automated analysis, the increase in REG P2 wave was significant, and the ratio was 4/5 (80%) for women and 10/14 (71%) for men. The newly written automatic program script was able to detect this in 92% of the cases. The calculated values detected the state of cerebral circulatory autoregulation and the identity between the male and female groups. Based on this result and previous REG correlation studies, it can be concluded that REG could be used to monitor fighter pilots, astronauts, and neurocritical care patients in real-time as emergency alert in the transitory cessation of brain perfusion.

Development of a mathematical model of reliable structures of information-control systems

A mathematical model of the information system (IS) for monitoring the state of objects that may be exposed to extreme influences has been built. The system consists of n devices that work independently of each other. To construct the specified information system, which has the minimum permissible reliability of event recognition, a class of structures of the type «k with n» is considered. Formulas for determining the probabilistic characteristics of n parallel reserved sensors for structures of the «k with n» type were derived; the probability of these events was calculated; and plots of their distribution were constructed. The peculiarity of the derived formulas is that they can be implemented on logical elements with which one can build a physical decision support device. The number of sensors and their corresponding probabilities of correct detection of fire at the given majority values of fire probability were also determined; the cost indicators of the information system were defined. A method for improving the reliability of IS has been developed, based on the use of the optimal number of information sensor. The ratio of finding probabilistic states of IS for structures of the «k with n» type was obtained. Algorithms for calculating the probabilities of IS states, as well as an algorithm for determining the number of information sensors and the corresponding probabilities of fire detection, have been developed. The feature of these algorithms is that they make it possible to determine the optimal number of information sensors. An estimate of the effectiveness of IS indicators of the considered types of structures was found: the probability of correct detection, the probability of non-detection, and false alarm. The reported results can be used to select the optimal structure for recognizing dangerous flight situations: choosing the number of sensors corresponding to the high probability of correct detection and the minimum probabilities of non-detection and false alarms, taking into consideration the cost of sensors.

Martial law: grounds for putting into operation in Ukraine

The research is devoted to the legal regulation of the peculiarities of martial law in Ukraine. The norms of the Ukrainian legislation as to the imposition of martial law in Ukraine are studied. The concepts and grounds for the decision to declare martial law are given. It is determined, that the grounds for the imposition of martial law in Ukraine are armed aggression, attack threat, and the danger of violating Ukrainian territorial integrity. Proposals for amendments to the legislation, governing the legal regime of martial law in Ukraine, have been identified. The Law of Ukraine On Defense of Ukraine and the Constitution of Ukraine is proposed to be supplemented with provisions that provide that martial law may be imposed only in the case of a declaration of war. The necessity of enshrining in the Law of Ukraine On the Legal Regime of Martial Law an exhaustive list of grounds for martial law has been proved. Armed aggression, the threat of attack, and the threat to the territorial integrity of Ukraine are recognized such grounds. The term "threat of attack" should be understood as conducting military exercises by another state near the borders of Ukraine, dangerous flight or maneuvering by an aircraft of another state within the territory of Ukraine, obstruction of navigation in the Kerch Strait, Black or Azov Seas in violation of international law. The term “threat of violation of territorial integrity” should be understood as the participation of citizens of other states in mass riots with demands for the withdrawal of certain regions from Ukraine, decision-making by the city, district, and regional council on announcing a referendum on the proclamation of a new state entity or withdrawal from the state. In this case, martial law may be imposed in certain areas of Ukraine. It is necessary to distinguish the grounds for the imposition of martial law throughout Ukraine and in some areas

Experimental Analysis of Heat Transfer on the Tubular Tube Heater with a Variable of Twisted Tape Inserts and Wire Coil to Prevent the Icing Contaminated Tailplane Stall

An anti-icing system has the purpose of protecting the leading edge of the tailplane from contamination during aircraft flight. An anti-icing system in a turboprop aircraft employs heaters that use electrical energy as their power source or heat generated by the bleed air. Protecting the tailplane from contamination is preventing the aircraft stall from occurring that triggers dangerous flight conditions. The aluminum prototype tailplane is assembled with a variable of twisted tape insert and wire coil. The twisted tape insert comes in three different geometries with twist ratio T3 = 9.3; T4 = 7; and T5 = 5.6, as well as a wire coil with fixed geometry. This study shows the best heat transfer rate occurs in T3 with a value of 33.90 W. The consequence of this condition is an decrease in pressure drop that occurs. Twisted 3 has the greatest pressure drop when compared to other geometry, with an average value of 4.72 Pa.

Stent Migration: Dangerous Flight but Safe Landing

A 59-year-old woman with a brachiocephalic fistula underwent balloon dilation of a stenosis to 5-mm diameter (Fig 1) and subsequent 5-mm × 5-cm stent graft placement (VIABAHN, Gore, Flagstaff, Arizona) (Fig 1). An attempt was made to postdilate the stent graft to 6 mm. Three months later, fistulography for recurrent dysfunction revealed disappearance of the stent graft. Fluoroscopy and contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan showed that the stent graft had migrated to a right lower lobe pulmonary artery branch and remained patent (Fig 2a, b).

The Evolution of EU Law on Refugees and Asylum

In this contribution, we explore evolution and stasis in EU asylum law and policy. We identify two tensions at the heart of the CEAS, between the commitment to protection and deflection of protection obligations, and between internal mobility within the EU and the immobilization of asylum seekers and refugees. We note the role of these foundational tensions in generating and exacerbating the ‘refugee crisis’ of 2015/16. This chapter is premised on a widely-shared understanding of the role of EU asylum policy in that crisis, namely that by illegalizing the travel of asylum seekers and refugees in search of protection, it contributes to the dangerous mass flight, which in turn generates humanitarian and political crises. We then analyse four key dimensions of EU asylum policy in light of these tensions: access to asylum, responsibility-allocation, legislative harmonisation, and institutionalised practical co-operation. Across these four fields, we identify the limits of EU law, and its general stasis, in spite of changes in Treaty telos, law-making processes, and EU enlargement. We briefly consider the role of the CJEU, still very much in the shadow of the ECtHR in asylum, in spite of its numerous rulings on the CEAS. Overall, we demonstrate its fairly minimalist approach in this area, avoidance of controversial cases by dubious use of inadmissibility findings, and failure to catalyse policy changes. Against this backdrop of legislative, political and judicial caution and inertia, we identify two key trends: a move towards greater institutional cooperation, including through the creation of a dedicated agency, the European Asylum Support Office (EASO), and a general flight from law in this policy field. We conclude by considering the likely impact of these trends on EU asylum law.

Gender differences in response to war-related trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder \u2013 a study among the Congolese refugees in Uganda

BackgroundThe wars in the Democratic Republic of Congo have left indelible marks on the mental health and functioning of the Congolese civilians that sought refuge in Uganda. Even though it is clear that civilians who are exposed to potentially traumatizing events in war and conflict areas develop trauma-related mental health problems, scholarly information on gender differences on exposure to different war-related traumatic events, their conditional risks to developing PTSD and whether the cumulative exposure to traumatic events affects men and women differently is still scanty.MethodsIn total, 325 (n = 143 males, n = 182 females) Congolese refugees who lived in Nakivale, a refugee settlement in the Southwestern part of Uganda were interviewed within a year after their arrival. Assessment included exposure to war-related traumatic events, and DSM-IV PTSD symptom severity.ResultsOur main findings were that refugees were highly exposed to war-related traumatic events with experiencing dangerous flight as the most common event for both men (97%) and women (97%). The overall high prevalence of PTSD differed among women (94%) and men (84%). The highest conditional prevalence of PTSD in women was associated with experiencing rape. The dose-response effect differed significantly between men and women with women showing higher PTSD symptom severity when experiencing low and moderate levels of potentially traumatizing event types.ConclusionIn conflict areas, civilians are highly exposed to different types of war-related traumatic events that expose them to high levels of PTSD symptoms, particularly women. Interventions focused at reducing mental health problems resulting from war should take the context of gender into consideration.

Anomaly of Rotor Dynamics in Ultra-Light Helicopter – Robinson R22

Abstract The article presents the analysis of anomaly of rotor dynamics in ultra-light helicopter - Robinson R22. Robinson R22 is two-seat, two-blade main rotor and single-engine helicopter, well known as simple and common used aircraft because of low price and high availability. At the same time, large number of accidents and strictly defined rules (recommended piloting technique) and weather condition for safe flight show disadvantages of Robinson R22. The reason for considering this topic is the analysis of different flight properties and helicopter behaviour as well as easy entering into dangerous flight manoeuvre. In the article different flight properties and loss of control during the pull-up, manoeuvre or vertical gusts of wind and mast bumping accidents were analysed. Analysis shows that problem may be caused by construction of three-hinged rotor hub, designed and patented by F. Robinson. Article presents model of rotor hub and review of main rotor and rotor hub construction in light helicopters. Because of number of accidents, caused by the unusual behaviour of Robinson R22, restrictive pilotage rules were introduced: prohibition of flight in certain weather conditions, the necessity of attending additional training conducted by trained instructors. To reduce the probability of an accident a special instruction for specific Robinson R22 properties was created. Moreover, the statistics of accidents resulting from loss of control and review of legal changes caused by Robinson R22 accidents are presented.

Failsafe Mechanism Design for Autonomous Aerial Refueling using State Tree Structures

Autonomous Aerial Refueling (AAR) is vulnerable to various failures and involves cooperation among autonomous receivers, tankers and remote pilots. Dangerous flight maneuvers may be executed when unexpected failures or command conflicts happen. To solve this problem, a failsafe mechanism based on State Tree Structures (STS) is proposed. The failsafe mechanism is a control logic that guides what subsequent actions the autonomous receiver should take, by observing real-time information of internal low-level subsystems such as guidance and drogue&probe and external instructions from tankers and pilots. To generate such a controller using STS, the AAR procedure is decomposed into several modes, and safety issues related with seven low-level subsystems are summarized. Then common functional demands and safety requirements are textually described. On this basis, the AAR plants and specifications are modeled by STS, and a supervisor is synthesized to control the AAR model. To prove its feasibility and correctness, a simulation environment incorporating such a logic supervisor is built and tested. The design procedures presented in this paper can be used in decision-making strategies for similar flight tasks. Supporting materials can be downloaded in Github, [ https://github.com/KevinDong0810/Failsafe-Design-for-AAR-using-STS ] including related software, input documents and output files.

Near-ultraviolet light reduced Sandhill Crane collisions with a power line by 98%

Abstract Midflight collisions with power lines impact 12 of the world’s 15 crane species, including 1 critically endangered species, 3 endangered species, and 5 vulnerable species. Power lines can be fitted with line markers to increase the visibility of wires to reduce collisions, but collisions can persist on marked power lines. For example, hundreds of Sandhill Cranes (Antigone canadensis) die annually in collisions with marked power lines at the Iain Nicolson Audubon Center at Rowe Sanctuary (Rowe), a major migratory stopover location near Gibbon, Nebraska. Mitigation success has been limited because most collisions occur nocturnally when line markers are least visible, even though roughly half the line markers present include glow-in-the-dark stickers. To evaluate an alternative mitigation strategy at Rowe, we used a randomized design to test collision mitigation effects of a pole-mounted near-ultraviolet light (UV-A; 380–395 nm) Avian Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) to illuminate a 258-m power line span crossing the Central Platte River. We observed 48 Sandhill Crane collisions and 217 dangerous flights of Sandhill Crane flocks during 19 nights when the ACAS was off, but just 1 collision and 39 dangerous flights during 19 nights when the ACAS was on. Thus, we documented a 98% decrease in collisions and an 82% decrease in dangerous flights when the ACAS was on. We also found a 32% decrease in the number of evasive maneuvers initiated within 25 m of the power line along the river, and a 71% increase in the number of evasive maneuvers initiated beyond 25 m when the ACAS was on. Sandhill Cranes reacted sooner and with more control, and experienced substantially fewer collisions, when the ACAS was on. Installation of the ACAS on other high-risk spans, and perhaps on other anthropogenic obstacles where birds collide, may offer a new solution to a long-running conservation dilemma.

APPLICATION OF SITUATIONAL MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGY IN FORENSIC INVESTIGATION OF AIR ACCIDENT CIRCUMSTANCES

Urgency of the research. The authors solve the following praxeological questions: How do we perceive a dangerous flight situation, a flight incident and an air accident? Which basic stages of the investigation do we use? How to implement a situational management methodology for investigating the circumstances of an air accident? Target setting. The article presents the analysis of the current state of information issues in the investigation of air accident circumstances in the military and civil aviation by using the methodology of situational management of forensic investigation processes. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. An integral part of this development is also the tackling the concept of development of the Air Force, with an emphasis on the training of personnel and the level of the flight operations and the flight safety. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The forensic investigation of air accidents and incidents is perceived as the specific application area of the Forensic Engineering. The research objective. The core output of article is in the proposal of the investigation of air accident circumstances in the military and civil aviation. The statement of basic materials. We use the tools of analysis and synthesis, the expert method with the inductive method based on the close observations and experimentation/investigation in the terrain, in the aviation practice. Conclusions. It is therefore necessary to subject on the permanent pay attention to the theoretical and practical level. Some specific issues addressed in the monograph can be extended with the further proposals and selected issues to address within the scope of research and scientific base of the armed forces.

Safety Monitoring and Prognostics for Automatic Aircraft Take-off

The take-off of an aircraft is one of the most dangerous flight phases, as failures and adverse environmental conditions can lead to a catastrophe. Should abnormal events occur during the roll phase, the crew or the flight computer has to make the decision if the take-off can be safely rejected and the aircraft can brake and come to a standstill on the runway, or if the take-off has to be attempted in any case.
 This decision has to be made instantaneously upon the estimate of the current state of the aircraft, using available sensor data under noise and potential failure conditions. In order to do so, at any time during the roll phase, a prediction has to be made, if the aircraft can come to a safe stop within the boundaries of the runway.
 In this paper, we formulate this decision making task as an online prognostics problem and develop a model-based architecture that allows us to perform a probabilistic prediction of the aircraft’s braking distance given the current aircraft state. We are using particle filter and Monte-Carlo based prediction algorithms. Because this task has to be performed in real-time on the on-board flight computer, computational resources are very restricted. We therefore propose several models of increasing fidelity, which have substantially different computational footprints and exhibit different levels of accuracy that can impose severe restrictions on the handling of uncertainties and on the failures that can be modeled.

Vertically Propagating Mountain Waves—A Hazard for High-Flying Aircraft?

AbstractStall warnings at flight level 410 (12.5 km) occurred unexpectedly during a research flight of the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) over Italy on 12 January 2016. The dangerous flight situation was mitigated by pilot intervention. At the incident location, the stratosphere was characterized by large horizontal variations in the along-track wind speed and temperature. On this particular day, strong northwesterly winds in the lower troposphere in concert with an aligned polar front jet favored the excitation and vertical propagation of large-amplitude mountain waves at and above the Apennines in Italy. These mountain waves carried large vertical energy fluxes of 8 W m−2 and propagated without significant dissipation from the troposphere into the stratosphere. While turbulence is a well-acknowledged hazard to aviation, this case study reveals that nonbreaking, vertically propagating mountain waves also pose a potential hazard, especially to high-flying aircraft. It is the wave-induced modulation of the ambient along-track wind speed that may decrease the aircraft speed toward the minimum needed stall speed.

Icing Conditions Forecasting: Using WRF Model And MSG To Predict Dangerous Flight Conditions

Icing Conditions Forecasting: Using WRF Model And MSG To Predict Dangerous Flight Conditions