Dangerous Bacteria Research Articles

Controlled entropy in tetra-hybrid nono-fluid helmholtz electroosmotic with motile germs via complex peristaltic pumping

Motile microorganisms, such as bacteria, can be engineered to transport medications directly to certain organs, such as cancer, tumors, enhancing drug efficacy and minimizing systemic side effects. These microorganisms can also be programmed to target and eliminate harmful bacteria, offering a novel approach to infection control. In parallel, functionalized nanomaterials show significant promise for precise manipulation of biological fluids. This focused approach improves drug efficacy while reducing systemic negative effects. Also, motile bacteria can be engineered to target and remove dangerous bacteria, providing a fresh approach to infection control. Nanomaterials with various functions show prodigious potential for precise operation of biological fluids. Tetra-hybrid nano-particles exhibit special electrical, optical, and thermal properties. They are composed of gold, silver, alumina, and titania. The streaming flow phenomena that result from the interactions of these nanocomposites with non-Newtonian biofluids, such as blood, can be studied using computational modeling. Considerations are made for forces such as non-Newtonian rheology, localized laser irradiation, and magnetohydrodynamics. Complex cellular trapping patterns are captured by predictions for temperature, velocity, and nanoparticle concentration profiles. Biocompatible multimodal nano-assemblies under magnetic actuation and thermos-plasmonic effects are used to exhibit precision biofluid control. To optimize, engineering parameters are visually analyzed. The unique features of tetra-hybrid nanoparticles, paired with motile microorganisms and non-Newtonian biofluid dynamics, allow for more precise therapeutic techniques, such as targeted medication administration and hyperthermia cancer treatment. By visualizing key engineering parameters, these findings highlight the potential for improved therapeutic strategies, such as targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia-based cancer treatments, enabled by the integration of tetra-hybrid nanoparticles and motile microorganisms in complex biofluid environments.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE DENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH OF PREGNANT WOMEN BASED ON VISITS TO THE KEDATON BANDAR LAMPUNG HEALTH CENTER

Pregnancy brings many changes to the mother. If not handled properly, it can have a negative impact on the health of the mother and the baby she is carrying. For example, teeth that are not well cared for contain dangerous bacteria. Pregnancy brings many changes to the mother. If not handled properly, it can have a negative impact on the health of the mother and the baby she is carrying. For example, teeth that are not well cared for contain dangerous bacteria. This study aims to determine the relationship between dental and oral health in pregnant women based on visits to the Kedaton Bandar Lampung Community Health Center. The research approach (type) used in the research is cross-sectional, where data regarding the independent variable and the dependent variable or consequences are collected at the same time. The types of data used are primary and secondary data sources. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between dental and oral health in pregnant women based on visits to the Kedaton Bandar Lampung Community Health Center. Dental hygiene or OHIS for pregnant women at the Kedaton Bandar Lampung Health Center was found to have good criteria, only 15 respondents out of 50 respondents. Periodontal tissue health in pregnant women at the Kedaton Bandar Lampung Community Health Center was found to be in the healthy category for only 1 respondent out of 50 respondents. From this research it can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge about dental and oral health, dental hygiene and periodontal tissue health in pregnant women. For this reason, community participation is needed to increase knowledge through health education so that they can get used to carrying out dental and oral care efforts, especially for pregnant women

The Effect of Helicobacter Pylori on Liver Function Using the New Urea Breath Test Technique

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a dangerous bacteria that is known to colonize the abdominal mucosa in humans. Infection with H. pylori is enormously conventional worldwide; the micro organism influences up to 90% of grownup populations in creating countries. Besides gastric problems, severa latest investigations have confirmed the correlation between H. pylori infection and different illnesses like hematologic, ophthalmologic, dermatologic, neurologic, and hepatobiliary. According to some indicators, the liver is one of the organs may additionally also be affected with the aid of H. pylori; however, it is but unknown how exactly the contamination impacts the liver and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. The effects was once fantastically enormous lver features in serum of patient groups (P) in contrast to control group (C) (p<0.001), Meanwhile, there had been no giant differences located between male and girl in all studies groups. And Urea Breath Test in Breath in all groups is presented. Patients' groups shows highly significant increase when compared to control group (p<0.001).

Colorimetric aptasensor for Listeria monocytogenes detection using dual functional Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) with magnetic separation and oxidase-like activities in food samples.

A novel colorimetric aptasensor assay based on the excellent magnetic responsiveness and oxidase-like activity of Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) was developed. Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) absorbed with aptamer and blocked by BSA served as capture probe for selective isolation and enrichment of Listeria monocytogenesone of the most common and dangerous foodborne pathogenic bacteria. The aptamer absorbed on Fe3O4@MIL-100(Fe) was further used as signal probe that specifically binds with target bacteria conjugation of capture probe for colorimetric detection of Listeria monocytogenes, taking advantages of its oxidase-like activity. The linear range of the detection of Listeria monocytogenes was from 102 to 107CFUmL-1, with the limit of detection as low as 14CFUmL-1. The approach also showed good feasibility for detection of Listeria monocytogenes in milk and meat samples. The spiked recoveries were in the range 81-114% with relative standard deviations ranging from 1.28 to 5.19%. Thus, this work provides an efficient, convenient, and practical tool for selective isolation and colorimetric detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food.

Investigation of cross-opsonic effect leads to the discovery of PPIase-domain containing protein vaccine candidate to prevent infections by Gram-positive ESKAPE pathogens

BackgroundEnterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus are the Gram-positive pathogens of the ESKAPE group, known to represent a great threat to human health due to their high virulence and multiple resistances to antibiotics. Combined, enterococci and S. aureus account for 26% of healthcare-associated infections and are the most common organisms responsible for blood stream infections. We previously showed that the peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) PpiC of E. faecium elicits the production of specific, opsonic, and protective antibodies that are effective against several strains of E. faecium and E. faecalis. Due to the ubiquitous characteristics of PPIases and their essential function within Gram-positive cells, we hypothesized a potential cross-reactive effect of anti-PpiC antibodies.ResultsOpsonophagocytic assays combined with bioinformatics led to the identification of the foldase protein PrsA as a new potential vaccine antigen in S. aureus. We show that PrsA is a stable dimeric protein able to elicit opsonic antibodies against the S. aureus strain MW2, as well as cross-binding and cross-opsonic in several S. aureus, E. faecium and E. faecalis strains.ConclusionsGiven the multiple antibiotic resistances S. aureus and enterococci present, finding preventive strategies is essential to fight those two nosocomial pathogens. The study shows the potential of PrsA as an antigen to use in vaccine formulation against the two dangerous Gram-positive ESKAPE bacteria. Our findings support the idea that PPIases should be further investigated as vaccine targets in the frame of pan-vaccinomics strategy.

Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Pada Penerapan Hygiene Perorangan Pengolahan Makanan di Hotel Bumi Senyiur Samarinda

Personal hygiene is an action to maintain cleanliness and health, both physical and psychological. The goal is to maintain cleanliness, prevent contamination of dangerous bacteria from the body to the food being processed, and prevent disease. The aim of this research is to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes of food processing staff regarding the implementation of personal hygiene. This research is survey research, survey research is research that takes samples from a population and uses questionnaires as a data collection tool, one of the uses of survey research is for descriptive purposes. The sample is 12 food processing staff who work at the Bumi Senyiur Samarinda Hotel. Data collection uses questionnaires, questionnaires and observations. Analysis uses descriptive. Based on the results of descriptive analysis research, staff knowledge was 66.7% and staff attitude was 75%. For observation results, food processors got a value of 66.7%. In this way, the researchers found that the level of knowledge and attitudes of food processors at the Bumi Senyiur Samarinda Hotel generally obtained good results

From Ashes to Life - The Indestructible D. radiodurans

Deinococcus radiodurans (D. radiodurans) was accidentally discovered in 1956 when cans of ground meat were exposed to massive doses of ionizing gamma radiation, intended to kill dangerous bacteria. The bacterium can survive doses of radiation, even up to 1,000 times that which is deadly to humans. Among biologists and biophysicists, D. radiodurans is often humorously called “Conan the Bacterium.” This extreme radioresistance of the bacterium has been attributed to its ability to protect the proteome from ROS, which originates from water radiolysis, and also to carry out the effective repair of a large amount of DNA damage.

Greener approach using Citrus sinensis fruit towards the rapid in vivo eco-synthesis of natural supported bioactive NCs: Ag@Xanthan, CuO@Fe3O4@nanoclay and TiO2@CeO2@montmorinent NCs

For the first time, an economic, highly efficient, simple, fast and in vivo protocol by the Citrus sinensis fruit was employed for biosynthesis of some bioactive Ag@Xanthan, CuO@Fe3O4@nanoclay and TiO@CeO2@Montmorinent Nanocomposites (NCs). The RP-HPLC-DAD fingerprint record of the fruit demonstrated the presence of potent antioxidants such as oxalic acid, tannic acid, mallic acid, ascorbic acid, and citric acid. The NCs were structurally characterized through the spectroscopic (Uv–vis and FT-IR methods) and surface analysis techniques (TEM, XRD, EDS methods). Furthermore, the impact of the in vivo method was studied using FT-IR spectroscopy on the hyper-accumulation of phytochemicals on the surface of green nanocomposites and their bioactivity. The antioxidant and antibacterial properties of green synthesized NCs demonstrated very well results against some dangerous bacteria of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aureus), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) compared to ascorbic acid and chloramphenicol as positive controls of antioxidant and antibacterial activities, respectively.

In silico investigation and biological evaluation viz antimicrobial, genotoxic, and anticancer potentials of new dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) synthesized by Biginelli reaction

Dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs) are attracting growing interest in synthetic and medical organic chemistry due to their biological and therapeutic potential. In this study, we synthesized DHPM derivatives via the Biginelli reaction from bisdialdehyde to identify lead compounds. Using SWISSADME analysis, we assessed druglikeness features of the DHPM derivatives. Antimicrobial properties, including antibacterial and antifungal activities, were evaluated, and promising compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit A549 lung cancer cell growth. Thin-layer chromatography confirmed product formation, while spectroscopic methods characterized the structures. Lipophilicity values indicated strong oral absorption potential. In vitro drug release and cell viability studies were conducted. DHPMs 7, 8, and B1 exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Molecular docking revealed DHPM 2′s potential in cancer treatment via effective binding with VEGFR-2 kinase. Genotoxic and anticancer activities were assessed, with DHPM 8 showing promising action against dangerous bacteria and fungi. Further research is warranted to explore therapeutic applications of these compounds.

Evaluation of Water Quality from the Zimny Sztok Spring (Southern Poland)—Preliminary Results

Enabling citizens to have access to good-quality water is an important challenge in the 21st century. Water quality in springs located in urban areas may deteriorate as a result of natural and anthropogenic factors. The quality of water in springs is influenced not only by rock weathering, evapotranspiration and climate change but also by the lack of sustainable resource use. Anthropogenic activities, including industrial and domestic and agricultural activities, may not only lead to an increase in pollutants such as nitrates, chlorides and heavy metals but also to the development of dangerous bacteria. Research on water quality was conducted in two series of measurements at the Zimny Sztok spring (southern Poland), located in an urban space. The results of the analyses indicate that the waters of this spring, despite anthropogenic pressure, exceeded the permissible values for drinking water only in terms of the total number of microorganisms. Unfortunately, this was not confirmed by Water Quality Index (WQI) values. These were approximately equal to 99 in the first measurement series and about 41 in the second series. Maintaining appropriate water quality is one of the goals of rational water management, and the constant control of selected parameters in the water falls within the scope of the concept of smart city/smart water. The example of this spring shows that the water was used by residents without information about its current physicochemical parameters and bacteriological composition. This problem can be solved in the future by implementing a monitoring system for this point. The aim of this work was to examine the quality of water in the spring, use the WQI to determine the potential risks and present the general problem of people consuming water from urban sources without knowing about their parameters.

Therapeutic potential of selenium nanoparticles synthesized by mangrove plant: Combatting oral pathogens and exploring additional biological properties

BackgroundOver the past few decades, nanoparticles have been widely employed to limit the growth of cancer both in vivo and in vitro, as well as many dangerous bacteria, fungi, and viruses. In traditional medicine, a marine plant called Rhizophora mucronata is frequently used to treat skin conditions, inflammation, and diabetes. ObjectiveEvaluate the efficacy of selenium nanoparticles synthesized using mangrove plant extracts in combating oral pathogens and assess their potential for additional biological properties towards the development of novel therapeutic interventions for oral infections and related conditions. MethodsIn the current study, R. mucronata was utilized to create selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in an environmentally friendly manner. The elements of the material were identified using EDX spectroscopy, its shape was examined using SEM, and its surface Plasmon resonance was measured using UV–Vis spectroscopy. Moreover, FT-IR was used to identify the SeNPs' functional groups. ResultsThe produced nanoparticles ranged in size from 20 to 60 nm and had a spherical form. Later analyses concentrated on the ability of the synthesized nanoparticles to combat common oral pathogens that cause dental cavities and other oral diseases. The marine plant-derived SeNPs showed notable zones of inhibition in addition to lethal actions against these oral infections. These nanoparticles also demonstrated anti-inflammatory and potentially effective DPPH radical scavenging qualities. ConclusionBased on the above reported results, it can be concluded that SeNPs generated by R. mucronata have significant potential for a variety of pharmacological and medical uses.

Strategies for tularemia pathogen survival, spread and virulence

The bacterium Francisella tularensis is the etiological agent of tularemia, a natural focal, especially dangerous infection, which, “thanks to” its low infectious dose and ability to be transmitted to humans via all possible routes, is a potential bioterrorism agent. This pathogen has been known to mankind for over a hundred years, but it is still impossible to prevent massive human disease outbreaks and sporadic incidence cases, whereas tularemia diagnosis may be verified within several days-to-weeks. The basis for tularemia causative agent virulence is based on its ability to disrupt phagocyte function. In animals and humans, the various Francisella tularensis systems work together to bypass host immune system, attach to and enter eukaryotic cells, block phagosome-lysosome fusion, multiply in various host cells without being detected, inhibit their destruction and cause host cell death to release bacteria and infect neighboring tissue cells, thus developing an infectious disease in different organs. This is achieved through a unique complement-dependent penetration process into host cell, called loop phagocytosis, and an unusual inert endotoxin as well as variation in diverse forms of “free” lipid A modifications and lipid A in the LPS composition, its dynamic acyl chain length regulation, and specifically combined regulatory factors to induce the “pathogenicity island” protein synthesis. Accumulated point mutations, intragenomic rearrangements, deletions, insertions, duplications, transpositions, gene degradation, variation in the number of copies in repeated DNA sequences, as well as homologous and non-homologous recombinations underlie a markedly expanded potential for existence of the tularemia causative agent: they contribute to the holarctic subspecies strain survival in varying conditions, including osmotic shock, to form multiple resistance to various toxic substances and alter F. tularensis subspecies virulence. Analyzing a whole body of publications on the abovementioned aspects for tularemia causative agent life activity attempts to combine the differences, structural features and “tricks” of the F. tularensis species cells allowing them to be a powerful pathogen, with a high potential to adapt upon low pathogen variability and a limited genome length compared with other specially dangerous bacteria.

Harnessing deep learning for faster water quality assessment: identifying bacterial contaminants in real time

AbstractWater is essential for human survival. Humans can live without food for a few days but without water, a person can barely survive for 3–5 days. Various parts of the world, particularly under-developed countries, have regions where clean water is scarce, and humans living in such conditions have no access to clean water. Our solution provides information on whether water is contaminated or not. Moreover, it overcomes the delay time in getting the result of water contamination using traditional methods of up to 5–6 hrs. Our proposed method detects the colonies of the bacteria that are taken from the water sample (after gram staining) and then classifies the type of bacteria to whom it belongs and how much quantity of each bacterium causes infection to the human body. Bacteria detection is performed by a novel deep learning-based model with user-specified parameters. To improve our ability to detect dangerous bacteria including E. coli, yeast, and particles, we perform tests using datasets from a variety of researchers. On the test benchmark, the fine-tuned proposed model achieves 84.56% accuracy and provides the level of contamination in water.

Molecular study of Enterobacter associated with roots of maize (Zea mays L.) using 16S rDNA in Limpopo Province, South Africa

One of the most significant grain crops in South Africa, white maize, is grown all throughout the country in a wide variety of climates and soil types due to its high economic value. White maize cultivation is expanding at a staggering rate, for which accurate identification of root-associated bacteria is necessary. Among the various bacterium affecting maize, Enterobacter species a gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped, facultatively anaerobic bacteria are dangerous pathogenic bacteria causing drastic reduction in yield if not properly identified and managed. Therefore, this study was conducted to isolate and identify Enterobacter from maize fields in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The molecular study was done in 2022 at the Aquaculture Research Unit, University of Limpopo. To identify the bacterium associated with maize, for extraction DNA, the Chelex method was used then 16S rDNA marker was used. The bacterium was identified as Enterobacter. The Nblast analysis showed South African Enterobacter has 97% similarity with a population from Korea (KC355340). Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as Enterobacter in the same clade with highly supported (100) bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species is identified using 16S rDNA properly. However, other DNA markers are recommended to better understand Enterobacter phylogeny.

Molecular study of Serratia marcescens, a bacterium associated with roots of maize (Zea mays L.), using 16S rDNA in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Maize the most important grain crop in South Africa produced under diverse environments is prone to dangerous pathogenic bacteria which needs better control and management. One of the bacteria that can affect maize yield is Serratia a gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile bacterium. Colonies on (aerobic) nutrient agar plates are circular and have a dark red to pink colour. This study isolated and identified Serratia bacterium from maize fields in Limpopo, South Africa. The molecular study was done in 2022 at the Aquaculture Research Unit, University of Limpopo. To identify the bacterium associated with maize, for extraction DNA Chelex method was used then 16S rDNA marker was used. The bacterium was identified as S. marcescens. The Nblast analysis showed South African S. marcescens had 97% similarity with a population from Brazil (MH127785), and South Korea (MN082049). Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood placed this species with those molecularly identified as S. marcescens in the same clade with highly supported (100) bootstrap values. In conclusion, this species is identified using 16S rDNA properly. However, using other DNA markers to understand S. marcescens phylogeny better is recommended.

Water quality assessment and evaluation of human health risk of drinking water in Ranchi District of Jharkhand

The primary cause of water-borne disease epidemics, particularly in underdeveloped nations, is the consumption of drinking water tainted with dangerous bacteria that originated in excrement. Water bodies have been essential to the development of civilizations throughout history, and they are still important for the modern economic expansion of all modern cultures. Microbes can get into water sources through agricultural inputs and rainfall runoff, which can combine with sewage effluents. The coliform group of bacteria, which signals the possible presence of harmful organisms, is the organism that is typically searched for during the standard water analysis technique. Microbes that cause disease in humans multiply and spread through the medium of water. For this reason, one of the most crucial criteria for public health is the drinking of safe water. Water samples were collected from various sources (surface water and groundwater sources) throughout March to May 2023. Ten water samples were taken from the surface and groundwater in and around Ranchi Municipality Nagra Toli and Karamtoli areas The MPN index, fungal tests, colony count, and other biochemical test parameters were all analyzed. Comparing surface water to groundwater, it was discovered that the MPN index of the former was higher. Up to 140 MPN/100 mL of total coliform count were found. Samples of surface and groundwater revealed the presence of two distinct bacterial species. It becomes clear that Escherichia coli and Bacillus Enterococcus faecalis bacterial isolates were common. The current study's objectives were to identify the various microbial groups and perform several microbiological studies. To maintain the hygienic quality of the water supply, it is strongly advised to do bacteriological examinations on both the water entering the distribution system and the water already in the system on a frequent and regular basis. Regular inspections are necessary for both sanitary management and testing portable water.

Characterization of harmful gases and bioaerosols of pig farms: a review of the existing literature

From the ecological and economic point of view, intensive pig farming is drawing more and more attention due to the appearance of harmful substances, which significantly increases the risks of air, water and soil pollution. In addition, the optimal criteria for the content of harmful gases, dust and microorganisms in the environment of pig farms are currently not clearly defined. In order to better understand the interaction of harmful emissions and aerosols, the article reviews data from the literature on their main components, concentrations, and interactions. The results showed that the main pollutants in pig farming are harmful gases (ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrogen oxide (N2O), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which are released from manure. The presence of even small concentrations of harmful gases in farm air can cause respiratory and cardiovascular system disorders not only in animals, but also in humans. Along with harmful gases, it is important to control the emission of solid particles and dust from livestock premises, which can form aerosols. Microbial aerosols in pig houses contain bacteria, fungi, viruses, which mainly come from the animals themselves, manure or service personnel. The bioaerosol includes the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes bacterial divisions and their derivatives. In addition, the content of potentially dangerous bacteria in the bioaerosol can reach up to 40 %. A major concern causes the presence of a large number of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in the air of these farms (including MRSA). The existing strategies and methods to combat these problems are still imperfect and need to be refined. Currently, the interaction of harmful gases, dust, solid particles and microorganisms is not taken into account, which can increase the toxic effect of each other on the animal's body. Therefore, there is a need for a better understanding of these interactions in order to improve the strategy for improving the microclimate conditions by correcting the microbiota, finding and developing biological preparations that contain natural bacteria capable of neutralizing odors and disinfecting livestock premises.

Biofilm Formation, Pyocyanin Production, and Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Wounds.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most frequently resistant and dangerous bacteria isolated from infected wounds of patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa from infected wounds of patients in the Dschang District Hospital to evaluate their antibiotic susceptibility profiles and their ability to swarm and swim and correlate pyocyanin production with biofilm formation. Wound swab samples were collected and the identification of P. aeruginosa was performed using microbiological and biochemical tests. Their antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the broth microdilution method. Swarming and swimming were determined by measuring the diameters of motility in semisolid/low-viscosity media. Furthermore, pyocyanin production and biofilm formation were evaluated spectrophotometrically using a microtiter plate. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa from infected wounds in our study population was 26%. All P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to streptomycin and paromomycin, and the frequency of multidrug resistance (MDR) was 65.8%. All P. aeruginosa isolates showed the ability to produce biofilm and pyocyanin. Out of the 37 isolates screened, 19 including the reference strains (51.4%) were strong biofilm producers. A significant positive correlation was observed among biofilm formation, pyocyanin production, and the antibiotic resistance profile of the isolates. Findings from this study suggest that infected wounds could act as a reservoir for MDR and virulent P. aeruginosa. The presence of strong biofilm producers of P. aeruginosa in infected wounds is a serious public health concern. Therefore, surveillance programs to monitor and control MDR P. aeruginosa in these patients are required to prevent their dissemination in hospital settings.

Pangenomic analyses of tuberculosis strains to identify resistomes using computational approaches.

To locate resistomes in tuberculosis strains, to determine the severity of drug resistance, and to infer its implications with respect to high tuberculosis prevalence in a Third World setting. The pangenomic study was conducted from October 2022 to January 2023 in Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, and comprised 2012-22 data on multiple sequence alignment to assess the genetic evolution of tuberculosis strains. Antibiotic resistance drug classes were identified using the Canadian Antibiotic Resistance Database, which entailed multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant strains. Also, GenBank was used for tuberculosis genome FASTA (fast-all; nucleotide and protein sequence representation) files, prediction of resistome sequences on the basis of Canadian Antibiotic Resistance Database, and multiple sequence alignment was done in Mauve. Evolutionarily, the 6 strains identified were structurally similar with polymorphisms in their core chromosomal regions. Their resistome genes showed perfect hits for isoniazid, rifamycin, cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone, aminoglycosides, penem, penam and cephamycin. Drugs discovered in antibiotic resistance genes are now less effective in treatment, and have the potential to develop into more dangerous bacteria, if not monitored. For treatment, staying long durations in hospitals for quality healthcare and supervision in third world countries is unaffordable.

Assessment of the Possibility of Using Bacterial Strains and Bacteriophages for Epidemiological Studies in the Bioaerosol Environment

During the COVID-19 pandemic, microbiological controls neglected the spread of viruses through the air. Techniques to identify this threat required additional research to enable control measures to be introduced to protect against the spread of disease through this route. Due to the very high level of risk occurring during research on the COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, it seems necessary to use analogous microorganisms that will allow, through an experiment, to validate or challenge a method that stops the spread of infectious microorganisms, without unnecessary risk to research staff. The presented work was carried out to assess the possibility of using airborne microorganisms that are safe for humans for this type of research. The work presents the selection process of bacteria and viruses (bacteriophages) that have the greatest potential for use in experimental studies on airborne-droplet transmission indoors, especially in hospital facilities. In the study, it was assumed that determining the survival rates of groups of organisms would allow them to be used as a proxy for studying more dangerous bacteria and viruses. Survival studies of selected microorganisms were carried out, and the paper selected microorganisms with the highest survival rate in a given environment.