Dangerous Threshold Research Articles

Intelligent IoT-Based Flood Monitoring and Alerting System using Raspberry Pi

Abstract: Floods are one of the most destructive natural disasters, causing significant loss of life and property. Early detection and timely intervention are crucial in mitigating the impacts of floods. The "Intelligent IoT-Based Flood Monitoring and Alerting System" is an innovative solution that leverages the power of the Internet of Things (IoT) to monitor water levels and predict potential flooding events. This system uses low-cost and easily accessible hardware such as a Raspberry Pi, sensors, LCD, buzzer and a cloud-based platform to provide real-time flood monitoring. The system continuously collects data on water levels, environmental conditions, and other relevant metrics, and processes this data to issue early warnings and alerts to local authorities and residents. Through an intuitive web interface, users can monitor flood-prone areas and receive notifications when water levels reach dangerous thresholds. The system aims to enhance disaster preparedness, reduce human and material losses, and improve the efficiency of flood management

Boundary Conditions for Organizations in the Anthropocene: A Review of the Planetary Boundaries Framework 10 Years On

AbstractWe systematically review business research concerning the planetary boundaries framework: A natural science framework that identifies nine Earth system boundaries that govern the safe operating space for humanity. Ten years after the introduction of the planetary boundaries in business studies, we pose two critical questions: How has the planetary boundaries concept been integrated into business studies and how has research on each of the nine boundaries advanced? Our review demonstrates growing scholarly interest in both questions. However, the topic remains niche with critical gaps, with most studies published in sustainability‐focused journals and only occasionally in mainstream journals. Theoretical development remains fragmented and of greater concern, a systems perspective is lacking in empirical studies: Most articles focus solely on one issue – climate change – and there is almost no cross‐analysis between boundaries. We contrast this with evidence that the planetary pressures of the Anthropocene are approaching dangerous thresholds and make the provocative assertion that planetary boundaries are not simply the foundation for specialized research on corporate sustainability but rather are the necessary boundary conditions for all business studies in the Anthropocene. We call for a transformation in how business scholars theorize, measure and engage.

Development and characterization of a spark plasma device designed for medical and aesthetic applications

Cold atmospheric plasma devices have shown high potential to be useful for different medical applications. In this study, it has been tried to develop and characterize a cold atmospheric spark plasma device that can be used safely as a tool for medical and aesthetic applications. The schematic of the device is presented in the paper, and the signals of each block are also tested. A special handpiece for this device is designed to make the device as safe as possible. The device's properties that can impose a risk to users' health have been under consideration. The device's electrical properties have been tested, and results show that the electrical current of the device is below the safety thresholds and can be used safely. The radiation power of the device also has been tested. It is shown that the time needed for the radiation power to reach the danger threshold is much longer than the treatment time. The device will not impose any risk regarding radiation from the UV spectrum. Optical emission spectroscopy is also used to investigate the neutral and charged species that are the by-products of electrical discharge. The presence of NOx and OH locally in the discharge can be helpful for various medical applications. This paper presents one of the first studies conducted to investigate the engineering aspect and the immunometry of the spark plasma that can be used in medicine and other purposes.

Pyrolysis mechanism of different thermal aging of PVC insulation copper cable for home decoration

Thermal aging produces irreversible aging to home decoration PVC insulation copper cables through high temperatures, and their pyrolytic behavior changes as a result. The thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared analysis, the model-free method and the Málek method were used to investigate the effect of thermal aging on the pyrolysis mechanism of domestic PVC insulation copper cables. It was found that pyrolysis is more easily to occur in aged cables, and 20 days of aging is the most dangerous threshold for the pyrolysis of ZR-BVR cable insulation. The pyrolysis release gases were mainly concentrated in the temperature intervals of 270-340 and 400-700°C. In addition, it should be noted that different degrees of thermal aging affect the pyrolysis behavior of cable insulation but have little effect on the pyrolysis mechanism.

Investigating the Impact of Flood on Low Lying Settlements of Delhi, India: A Planning Perspective

In the past, the Yamuna River and the Najafgarh Drainage System have flooded the city of Delhi severely. In the past 33 years, Yamuna has 25 times exceeded its risk threshold, which is set at 204.83m. Since 1900, Delhi has suffered six significant floods when the Yamuna River has reached a height of one metre or more above the accidental 204.49m on the old railway bridge (2.66m above the accident level). These floods happened in 1924, 1947, 1976, 1978, 1988, and 1995. The Yamuna recently climbed more than two metres beyond the danger threshold in Delhi, breaking the milestone 207 metres for the first time in 32 years. The second highest point, at 206.92 metres, was on September 27, 1988. There is a direct impact of floods on the Yamuna River and the city drainage network. People who live along the Yamuna River Belt, on the river's banks, and in the drain are impacted by this. The amount of the solid regions causing local floods has increased landslides as a result of deforestation and local floods. Low-lying communities, particularly haphazard colonies that fall into the water, will be most impacted by this. Hathinikund erupts high in Haryana because of the persistent, intense rainfall on the high cliffs, draining water upstream, continuing to flood Delhi and harming the lives of those who live in low-lying areas. Therefore, torrential rains caused severe damage to the city, and even more so to those families built on the wrong side, which were the first and most frequent sightings of their homes and property being flooded. Families had already begun to lose livestock and livestock during this time, before being evacuated and their situation remains so dire that one has to leave the rest of the house to relocate and relocate when the water level drops. The purpose of the study was to explore about the kind of impacts generally inhabitants face during and post flooding and to find out the implementation of strategies. The following methods were used: Site survey of the case study area in which structured questionnaire and observations were conducted through primary survey, analysis and assessment, study of issues and concerns. As a result, flood prevention, preparedness and mitigation strategies with reference to low lying area have been analyzed and planning recommendations have been proposed.

Airway and Transpulmonary Driving Pressure by End-Inspiratory Holds During Pressure Support Ventilation.

The precision of quasi-static airway driving pressure (ΔP) assessed in pressure support ventilation (PSV) as a surrogate of tidal lung stress is debatable because persistent muscular activity frequently alters the readability of end-inspiratory holds. In this study, we used strict criteria to discard excessive muscular activity during holds and assessed the accuracy of ΔP in predicting global lung stress in PSV. Additionally, we explored whether the physiological effects of high PEEP differed according to the response of respiratory system compliance (CRS). Adults with ARDS undergoing PSV were enrolled. An esophageal catheter was inserted to calculate lung stress through transpulmonary driving pressure (ΔPL). ΔP and ΔPL were assessed in PSV at PEEP 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O by end-inspiratory holds. CRS was calculated as tidal volume (VT)/ΔP. We analyzed the effects of high PEEP on pressure-time product per minute (PTPmin), airway pressure at 100 ms (P0.1), and VT over PTP per breath (VT/PTPbr) in subjects with increased versus decreased CRS at high PEEP. Eighteen subjects and 162 end-inspiratory holds were analyzed; 51/162 (31.5%) of the holds had ΔPL ≥ 12 cm H2O. Significant association between ΔP and ΔPL was found at all PEEP levels (P < .001). ΔP had excellent precision to predict ΔPL, with 15 cm H2O being identified as the best threshold for detecting ΔPL ≥ 12 cm H2O (area under the receiver operating characteristics 0.99 [95% CI 0.98-1.00]). CRS changes from low to high PEEP corresponded well with lung compliance changes (R2 0.91, P < .001) When CRS increased, a significant improvement of PTPmin and VT/PTPbr was found, without changes in P0.1. No benefits were observed when CRS decreased. In subjects with ARDS undergoing PSV, high ΔP assessed by readable end-inspiratory holds accurately detected potentially dangerous thresholds of ΔPL. Using ΔP to assess changes in CRS induced by PEEP during assisted ventilation may inform whether higher PEEP could be beneficial.

Avoidable heat risk under scenarios of carbon neutrality by mid-century

To prevent anthropogenic warming of the climate system above dangerous thresholds, governments are required by the Paris Agreement to peak global anthropogenic CO2 emissions and to reach a net zero CO2 emissions level (also known as carbon neutrality). Growing concerns are being expressed about the increasing heat stress caused by the interaction of changes in temperature and humidity in the context of global warming. Although much effort has been made to examine future changes in heat stress and associated risks, gaps remain in understanding the quantitative benefits of heat-risk avoidance from carbon-neutral policies, limited by the traditional climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Here we quantify the avoided heat risk during 2040–2049 under two scenarios of global carbon neutrality by 2060 and 2050, i.e., moderate green (MODGREEN) and strong green (STRGREEN) recovery scenarios, relative to the baseline scenario (FOSSIL), based on multi-model large ensemble climate projections from a new climate model intercomparison project (CovidMIP) that endorsed by CMIP6. We show that global population exposure to extreme heat stress increases by approximately four times its current level during 2040–2049 under the FOSSIL scenario, whereas the heat exposure could be reduced by as much as 12 % and 23 % under the MODGREEN and STRGREEN scenarios, respectively. Moreover, global mean heat-related mortality risk is mitigated by 14 % (24 %) under the MODGREEN (STRGREEN) scenario during 2040–2049 relative to the FOSSIL scenario. Additionally, the aggravating heat risk could be mitigated by around a tenth by achieving carbon neutrality 10 years earlier (2050 versus 2060). In terms of spatial pattern, this heat-risk avoidance from low-carbon policies is typically greater in low-income countries. Our findings assist governments in advancing early climate change mitigation policy-making.

Two Dangerous Thresholds in People'S Encounter with COVID-19: Fear and Apathy

Two Dangerous Thresholds in People'S Encounter with COVID-19: Fear and Apathy

Near-term regional climate change in East Africa

In the coming few decades, projected increases in global temperature and humidity are generally expected to exacerbate human exposure to climate extremes (e.g., humid-heat and rainfall extremes). Despite the growing risk of humid-heat stress (measured by wet-bulb temperature), it has received less attention in East Africa, where arid and semi-arid climatic conditions prevail. Moreover, no consensus has yet been reached across models regarding future changes in rainfall over this region. Here, we screen Global Climate Models (GCMs) from CMIP5 and CMIP6 and use, for boundary conditions, simulations from only those GCMs that simulate successfully recent climatic trends. Based on these GCMs and Regional Climate Model (RCM) simulations, we project that annual mean temperature is likely to rise by 2 ℃ toward midcentury (2021–2050) ​at a faster rate than the global average (about 1.5 ℃), under the RCP8.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, associated with more frequent and severe climate extremes. In particular, low-lying regions in East Africa will be vulnerable to severe heat stress, with an extreme wet-bulb temperature approaching or exceeding the US National Weather Service’s extreme danger threshold of 31 ℃. On the other hand, population centers in the highlands of Ethiopia will receive significantly more precipitation during the autumn season and will see more extreme rainfall events, with implications for flooding and agriculture. The robustness of these results across all GCM and RCM simulations, and for both of CMIP5 and CMIP6 frameworks (CMIP: Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project) supports the reliability of these future projections. Our simulations of near-term climate change impacts are designed to inform the development of sound adaptation strategies for the region.

Improvement of a Potential Estimation Algorithm for Surface Avalanches Caused by Snowfall During a Cyclone

The weak layer of snow formed by snowfall during cyclone passage generates surface avalanches. This type of avalanche can cause significant problems for humans, traffic, and logistics. Visualizing the level of hazard of these surface avalanches can help minimize the damage they cause. The topographic, snow pit, and meteorological characteristics of two surface avalanches caused by snowfall from a cyclone were analyzed. An algorithm for estimating the risk of surface avalanches caused by snowfall in a typical winter monsoon and during a cyclone was developed based on the analysis results. By incorporating the results of our previous study into the algorithm for estimating the risk of surface avalanches due to snowfall from a cyclone, we were able to improve the avalanche potential estimation algorithm such that it can cover surface avalanches generated by snowfall following the typical winter monsoon pattern after a cyclone has passed. In the three cases we verified, a warning was issued because the threshold of danger was exceeded before the surface avalanche occurred.

Measurement and assessment of mobile network electromagnetic radiation pollution in Ramadi, Iraq

The electromagnetic radiation produced by cellular towers in Ramadi city, west of Iraq, is measured and analyzed in this research. This contains basic nodes, hub repeaters, and feeders for transmitting the carrier throughout the entire Ramadi city as well as the surrounding areas. As a result, this research focused on this area to measure and assess energy to determine if it is safe for people or has over the danger threshold. The study region was split into fifty-five mobile phone tower locations. In general, electric field intensity levels surpass 1.7 V/m, which is dangerous and should be reduced. However, apart from a few sites (2, 3, 35, 36, 45, 51, and 53), the magnetic field intensity and radiation density are acceptable based on the findings. The energy severity criteria are based on LATNEX corporation's guidelines.

Non-linear association of cystatin C and all-cause mortality of heart failure: A secondary analysis based on a published database.

BackgroundPrior reports have revealed that basal Cystatin-C (CysC) is positively associated with all-cause death in patients with heart failure (HF). Yet, this positive association is not necessarily generalizable to Chinese HF patients due to methodological limitations and lack of data from Chinese patients.Materials and methodsWe performed secondary data mining based on a retrospective cohort dataset published on the internet. This dataset contains 2008 patients with HF who were admitted to a tertiary hospital in Sichuan Province, China from 2016 to 2019. The exposure variable was baseline CysC and the outcome variable was all-cause death on day 28, day 90, and month 6. Covariates were baseline measurements, including demographic data, drug use, comorbidity score, organ function status (heart, kidney), and severity of heart failure.ResultsAmong 1966 selected participants, the mortality rates at 28 days, 90 days and 6 months were 1.83% (36/1966), 2.09% (41/1966) and 2.85% (56/1966) respectively. After adjustment for confounders, the non-linear associations between CysC and all-cause deaths were observed. We calculated the inflection points were about 2.5 mg/L of CysC. On the right of inflection point, each increase of 1 mg/L in CysC was associated with an increase in the risk of 28-day mortality (Relative risk [RR], 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 3.93; P = 0.0266), 90-day mortality (RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.38 to 4.57; P = 0.003), and 6-month mortality (RR,2.25; 95% CI, 1.37 to 3.70; P < 0.001).ConclusionOur findings suggest that values about 2.5 mg/l of cystatin could be a danger threshold for the short-term risk of death in heart failure. Exceeding this threshold, for every 1 mg/L increase in CysC, the risk of all-cause mortality increased by more than one time.

Diffusion characteristics of liquid hydrogen spills in a crossflow field: Prediction model and experiment

Liquid hydrogen (LH2) is currently one of the best ways to store hydrogen energy. A buoyant yet model in a crossflow field was developed to predict LH2 spilling in this work, where the source of LH2 was modeled as a jet and placed near the ground. The prediction model was validated by the experiments that simulated the diffusion characteristics of LH2 with different crossflow velocity by using liquid helium (LHe) in an environment cabin. Results show that predicted centerline trajectories agreed well with concentration cloud map measured by the experiment, where the average deviation is 9.83%. Distinct differences between vapor clouds and concentration clouds were found in experimental results and theoretical predictions, i.e., the concentration cloud is higher than the infrared cloud and vapor cloud. The increasing velocity of the crossflow field inhibits the rise of the LH2 diffusion cloud, thus resulting in a lower central trajectory of the flammable cloud and increasing the danger threshold of LH2 spilling. The velocity of the cloud cluster centerline shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the crosswind velocity. The results of the study are expected to give guidelines on the safety threshold and standards for LH2 protection.

Improving the passive survivability of residential buildings during extreme heat events in the Pacific Northwest

Extreme heat events are becoming more frequent and more severe in the Pacific Northwest and in comparable dry-summer climates worldwide, increasing the occurrence of heat-related illness and death. Much of this risk is attributed to overheating in multifamily dwellings, particularly in neighborhoods with abundant asphalt, few trees, and limited financial resources. Air-conditioning expansion is problematic, however, because it creates vulnerability to operational costs and power outages, while expelled hot air intensifies urban heat island effects. In contrast, passive cooling strategies that deflect solar radiation and recruit the cool night air typical of Mediterranean, semi-arid, and arid climates are quite promising, but their abilities to improve residential survivability during extreme heat have not yet been explored. To understand this potential, here we investigate the extent to which well-controlled shading and natural ventilation, in some cases with fan assistance, could have diminished the hours in which indoor heat index levels exceeded ‘caution’, ‘extreme caution’, ‘danger’, and ‘extreme danger’ thresholds during the June 2021 heat wave in the Pacific Northwest; building thermal performance was simulated in EnergyPlus under conditions experienced by Vancouver BC, Seattle WA, Spokane WA, Portland OR, and Eugene OR. Strikingly, we find that in Portland, where the highest temperatures occurred, integrated shading and natural ventilation eliminated all hours above the danger threshold during the 3-day event, lowering peak indoor air temperatures by approximately 14°C (25°F); without cooling, all 72h exceeded this threshold. During the encompassing 10-day period, these passive measures provided 130–150h of thermal relief; baseline conditions without cooling provided none. Additionally, passive cooling reduced active cooling loads by up to 80%. Together, these results show the immediate, substantial value of requiring effective operable shading and secure operable windows in apartments in mild dry-summer climates with rising heatwave intensity, as well as public health messaging to support the productive operation of these elements.

Identify Selective Forwarding Attacks Using Danger Model: Promote the Detection Accuracy in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are prone to attack due to open work conditions and broadcast communication. The selective forwarding attack, one of the inner attacks in WSNs, is the hardest attack to detect among denial of service (DoS) attacks. The malicious nodes which launch the selective forwarding attack will drop part of or all the data packets they received. Many proposed detection methods against selective forwarding attacks have low accuracy or high algorithm complexity, especially when the attacker works its way in the network along with several attacks, such as blackhole, wormhole, and Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS). Here, an artificial immune system based on the danger model is established to detect network attacks. To promote detection accuracy and reduce computation, we have proposed a screen-confirm scheme. In the screening phase, the scheme first obtains the danger signals from nodes’ energy consumption, forwarding rate, connect duration, transmission frequency, and transmission time, then it screens out the suspected selective forwarding attacks from DoS attacks using a support vector machine (SVM). After that, in the confirming phase, we select an optimal danger threshold and calculate the outputs of the suspected ones, then confirm them by comparing outputs and threshold. The simulation results show that our scheme’s missing detection rate (MDR) is close to 1.3% and keeps the false detection rate (FDR) lower than 4.3% when the malicious ratio is 10%. Moreover, compared with other related work, our proposed method offers a lower algorithm complexity.

End-proximal tubule phosphate concentration increases as GFR falls in humans: measurement by means of a lithium clearance-based methodology.

Microscopic nephrocalcinosis secondary to intratubular calcium phosphate (CaP) precipitation is thought to accelerate progression to end-stage renal failure in chronic kidney diseases. In phosphorus (P)-loaded uninephrectomized rats, intratubular CaP crystal formation and progressive tubular damage occurred when end-proximal tubule P concentration (ePTpc) increased above a threshold level. We have calculated ePTpc in humans by urine P and creatinine concentration, with the end-proximal tubule fluid volume calculated either as lithium (Li) clearance (ePTpc-Li) or as a fixed 0.7 fraction of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), as published (ePTpc-70). Healthy people undergoing living transplant kidney donation before (DON-pre, n=70) and after (DON-post, n=64) nephrectomy and 25 patients with stage 2-5 CKD were investigated while on regular free diet. ePTpc showed a stepwise increase with decreasing functional renal mass (DON-pre 2.51±0.99 and 1.56± 0.47 mg/dL for ePTpc-Li and -70 calculation, respectively; DON-post 3.43±1.14and 2.18±0.44; CKD 5.68±3.30and 3.00±1.30, P<.001 for all); ePTpc was inversely correlated with Ccr and directly with PTH, fractional P excretion and excretion (UpV) corrected for GFR (P<.001 for all), but not with Pp. ePTpc-Li and ePTpc-70 were significantly correlated (r=0.62, P<.001), but ePTpc-70 was lower than the corresponding ePTpc-Li. Levels of ePTpc increased above a suggested dangerous threshold when daily UpV/GFR was higher than about 10mg/mLCcr. ePTpc progressively increases in humans as functional renal mass falls independently from plasma P levels. Main determinants of ePTpc rise are GFR fall, degree of phosphaturia per unit GFR and P intake corrected for GFR. It may become a novel, potentially useful, indicator to guide management of CKD patients.

The Characteristics of West Season Wind and Wave as well as Their Impacts on Ferry Cruise in The Kalianget-Kangean Cruise Route, Madura, Indonesia

The wind and wave conditions in the waters of the Kalianget-Kangean cruise route in the west season are relatively high so that these winds and waves can have a dangerous impact on that cruise route. The aim of this research was to analyze the characteristics of wind speed and wave height over a 10 year period (2008-2017), as well as to evaluate the weekly patterns for three months (December 2017-February 2018). These time stamps represent the west season in waters at Kalianget-Kangean route, and to identify the impact of winds and wave on this path. The method used in this research is descriptive statistical analysis to obtain the mean and maximum values ​​of wind speed and wave height. Wind and wave patterns were analyzed by WRPlot and continued with mapping of wind and wave patterns in the waters of Kalianget-Kangean and its surroundings. The data used was obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency. The results show wind and wave characteristics with two peaks formed regularly between 2008-2017, marking the west and east monsoons. In addition, the wind speed and wave height were generally below the danger threshold, ie &lt;10 knots and &lt;2 m, respectively. However, there are exceptions in the west season, especially at the peak in January, where the forces are strengthened with a steady blowing direction. The maximum wind speed reaches and wave height reaches 29 knots and 6.7 m, respectively. The weekly conditions for both parameters from December 2017 to February 2018 were relatively safe, for sailing. Moreover, January 23-29, 2018 featured extreme conditions estimated as dangerous for cruise due to the respective maximum values of 25 knots and 3.8 m recorded. The channel is comparably safe, except during the western season time in December, January, February, characterized by wind speeds and wave height exceeding 21 knots and 2.5 m, correspondingly.

Near-term regional climate change over Bangladesh

Bangladesh stands out as a climate change hot spot due to its unique geography, climate, high population density, and limited adaptation capacity. Mounting evidence suggests that the country is already suffering from the effects of climate change which may get worse without aggressive action. Here, we use an ensemble of high-resolution (10 km) regional climate model simulations to project near-term change in climate extremes, mainly heat waves and intense rainfall, for the period (2021–2050). Near-term climate projections represent a valuable input for designing sound adaptation policies. Our climate projections suggest that heatwaves will become more frequent and severe in Bangladesh under the business-as-usual scenario (RCP8.5). In particular, extremes of wet-bulb temperature (a temperature and humidity metric important in evaluating humid heat stress) in the western part of Bangladesh including Bogra, Ishurdi, and Jessore are likely to exceed the extreme danger threshold (according to U.S. National Weather Service criterion), which has rarely been observed in the current climate. The return periods of extreme heat waves are also significantly shortened across the country. In addition, country-averaged rainfall is projected to increase by about 6% during the summer months, with the largest increases (above 10%) in the eastern mountainous areas, such as Sylhet and Chittagong. Meanwhile, insignificant changes in extreme rainfall are simulated. Our results suggest that Bangladesh is particularly susceptible to climate extremes in the near future, in the form of extreme heat waves over the western part of the country.

Propose an Automatic Ammonia Concentration of Water Measuring System Combining Image Processing for Aquaculture

The underwater environmental monitoring system applying IoT is now developing for 4.0 industry. It helps not only to simplify work but also to increase efficiency and reduce costs and execution time as well as ensure health to avoid contact with toxic solutions. In this paper, we first model the process of measuring NH3 concentration manually to automate. Secondly, the proposed model is combined with the process of processing output image automatically and displaying the results on the server. Thirdly, the system is able to measure the concentration by VNC viewer connecting with Raspberry pi4 via WiFi. The result of the NH3 concentration parameter is sent to users quickly to alert promptly when it reaches a dangerous threshold. Experiments show that the system not only ensures fast processing time (less than 5 minutes) but also improves accuracy (up to 80%) comparing with real devices.

Evaluation of the cenopopulations of the valuable forage plant Vicia crocea (Desf.) Fritsch in the South Caucasus (Azerbaijan Republic)

The age structure of ontogenesis of cenopopulations of the valuable forage species Vicia crocea ( Desf .) Fritsch of the Vicia L. genus was assessed, the dynamics of their development and viability were studied. Large number of generative individuals have been revealed at the study of age spectrum. The studied plants were well eaten by cattle during this period. The number of reproductive (generative) individuals and populations decreased in this case, as well as under the influence of other anthropogenic factors, and Vicia crocea ( Desf .) Fritsch was classified as a specie belonging to the category “close to the danger threshold” (NT). The study of this species at the cenopopulation level have scientific and practical importance in terms of studying the species composition of phytocenoses, increasing the fodder base of Azerbaijan, improving the condition of summer and winter pastures, enriching arable land with nitrogen, developing animal husbandry as an agricultural sector, as well as using fodder plants in various industries.