Dancy Tangerine Research Articles

Effect of Reclaimed Cultivation Regions on the Leaf, Flower and Peel Essential Oils of Dancy tangerine

Dancy tangerine trees have been imported from abroad and successfully cultivated in some newly reclaimed areas in Egypt. Reclamation areas (arid desert areas that are converted into areas suitable for agriculture) in Egypt are located in different geographical regions that differ from each other in weather conditions and soil characteristics, which may cause changes in essential oils, and thus a diversity of their biological activity. So, the changes in Dancy tangerine essential oils and their components were investigated under the conditions of two reclaimed desert areas (west and south) of Egypt to find out the extent of opportunities for expanding its cultivation in new reclamation regions as a natural source of essential oils, because if it is successful in those areas, the production of essential oils from plants will increase. The essential oils of leaves, flowers, and peels were separated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC/MS. The statistical analysis was carried out using ANOVA-1. Different variations were found in leaf, flower, and peel essential oils under both locations. Linalool was the main component in leaf essential oil but the major component in flower and peel essential oils was limonene. Oxygenated monoterpenes was the major chemical group in leaf essential oil, while monoterpene hydrocarbons were the basic group in flower and peel essential oils. Leaf, flower, and peel essential oil contents (% or ml/kg), major components, and major groups were higher in western samples than those from southern samples. Oxygenated diterpenes group appeared in leaf essential oil and was completely absent in both flowers and peels essential oils. This research paper determined that occupation of cultivation regions in reclaimed zones leads to changes in Dancy tangerine essential oil and its components. Also, this attempt serves as a hint to know adequate cultivation region for essential oil production according to the ingredients of benefit.

Peel Essential Oils of Citrus Types and Their Antimicrobial Activities in Response to Various Growth Locations

Citrus peel essential oils (EOs) have various biological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial. Growth location (GL) plays a physiological role in the formation of EO. This research paper aimed to investigate peel EOs and their antimicrobial activities of nine Citrus types growing at Nile valley (NV) and Reclaimed desert (RD) in Egypt. Citrus types that are chosen in this study were Valencia orange, Navel orange, Sour orange, Lemon, Volkamer lemon, Lime, Mediterranean mandarin, Dancy tangerine, and Grapefruit. Selected microbes were two Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus ATCC-12228, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-47077), two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC-25922, Salmonella typhi ATCC), and one fungus (yeast, Candida albicans ATCC-10231). EO was isolated by hydro-distillation (HD) and analyzed by GC and GC/MS, while the microdilution assay was employed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy. Obtained results reported that Citrus peel EOs (contents and constituents) and their antimicrobial activities are related to GLs.

Effect of growing seasons on the leaf essential oil composition of Citrus species that are cultivated in Egypt

ABSTRACT Essential oil (EO) of Citrus has some biological and pharmaceutical properties; thus, it can be used in food and drug industries. Changes in growing seasons play important roles in physiological processes of Citrus EO especially that extracted from young leaves. The aim of this study was to evaluate the EO extracted from young leaves of twelve Citrus species in different seasons (winter, spring, summer and autumn) under Egyptian conditions. The Citrus species in this investigation were Valencia Orange, Navel Orange, Sour Orange, Lemon, Volkamer Lemon, Lime, Persian Lime, Sweet Lime, Mediterranean Mandarin, Dancy Tangerine, Grapefruit and Shaddock. The EOs of young leaves were extracted by hydrodistillation method (HD), and then analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. Sabinene was identified as the major component in EO isolated from Valencia Orange, Navel Orange and Grapefruit while linalool was the main compound in EO of Sour Orange, Mediterranean Mandarin and Dancy Tangerine. The major constituent of EO produced from Lemon, Volkamer Lemon, Lime, Persian Lime and Sweet Lime was limonene, but it was E-phytol in Shaddock EO. The greatest contents (%) of EO isolated from young leaves and major constituents of all Citrus species were detected in the samples harvested during the spring season. The EO constitutes that detected in leaf EO were classified into five chemical groups “monoterpene hydrocarbons (MH), oxygenated monoterpenes (OM), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (SH), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (OS) and oxygenated diterpenes (OD)”. It was found that the detected compounds of EO extracted from various Citrus species belonged to MH, OM, SH and OS, except the compounds of Dancy Tangerine and Shaddock were belonged to MH, OM, SH, OS and OD. Different changes were observed in the minor components and various chemical groups in different growing seasons.

Orlando Tangelo

This document is about the Orlando tangelo, a cross between Dancy tangerine and a Duncan grapefruit which was made by W. T. Swingle of the U.S.D.A. in 1911. Originally this variety was known as "Lake tangelo" but changed to "Orlando" many years ago. First time published Sep. 1993.

Diagrammatic scale for assessing foliar symptoms of alternaria brown spot in citrus

Alternaria brown spot (ABS) is the main fungal disease of mandarins. Cause damage to fruits, branches and leaves. For determinations of disease severity in fruit, there is a specific diagrammatic scale, which does not occur for foliar lesions. In order to standardize leaf reviews of ABS in citrus, a diagrammatic scale was developed from the collection of symptomatic Dancy tangerine and Murcott tangor leaves, with ten levels, from zero to 97% of the area damaged by the pathogen. They were tested by five evaluators who analyzed 100 pictures of symptomatic leaves with and without the use of the proposed scale. To validate the scale, precision and accuracy of assessors in rating the images were compared. Results showed that the use of the scale improved the accuracy of the evaluators, with increased accuracy. This shows that the leaf scale can be used to determine the severity of alternaria brown spot in citrus.

Variedades y patrones de cítricos Citrus spp de Productores en Tuxpan, Ver.

El trabajo consistió en obtener información sobre los cítricos en Tuxpan, Veracruz, para ello, aplicó una encuesta a productores pertenecientes a la Asociación Agrícola Local de Productores de Cítricos. Los preguntas esenciales fueron entre otras, las variedades que predominan, los patrones o portainjertos existentes, la influencia del patrón en el rendimiento, los costos de producción, el rendimiento por hectárea, así como los precios de venta que oscilan en el lugar. Además, los canales de comercialización, que al analizar cada una de las respuestas dan un referente de la situación actual de la citricultura en el lugar. Los resultados nos muestran que la variedad de mayor superficie sembrada es la naranja variedad Valencia, seguida de la mandarina variedad Dancy, y por último, la toronja variedad Rio red. Además, se encontró que el patrón Naranjo agrio es el más utilizado; a su vez, es el que presenta mayor influencia en las variedades cultivadas. Marrs, Dancy y Ortanique son las que menos costo de producción requieren, sin embargo son las que siempre alcanzan buenos precios. La Navelate Lane es la que mayor precio de venta obtuvo. La comercialización en su mayoría es a través de intermediarios. Por lo que se deduce que a pesar de que se introdujeron nuevos patrones, sigue predominando el agrio y la especie más cultivada sigue siendo la Variedad Valencia.

Minneola Tangelo

This documente is about the Minneola tangelo. It is a Duncan grapefruit x Dancy tangerine hybrid released in 1931 by the United States Department of Agriculture Horticultural Research Station in Orlando. This tangelo (like other tangelo cultivars) is therefore 1/2 tangerine and 1/2 grapefruit. The fruit is quite handsome and a genuine pleasure to eat. First published in 1933.

Temporal Patterns inHomalodiscaspp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Oviposition on Southern California Citrus and Jojoba

A detailed study of the distribution of egg masses of Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) and H. liturata Ball was done across a 2-yr period (2001-2003) on six host plants in southern California (Marsh grapefruit, Lisbon lemon, Washington navel, Dancy tangerine, rough lemon, and jojoba in Riverside; jojoba in Desert Center). The majority of egg masses in Riverside belonged to H. vitripennis (84-100%), whereas in Desert Center, all Homalodisca egg masses were H. liturata. Oviposition in Riverside occurred in two discrete periods, a late winter and spring period (mid-February to late May), followed by a short interval of very low oviposition during most of June, and then a summer period (late June to late September) followed by a relatively long period of very low oviposition in fall and early winter (October to mid-February). Levels of oviposition during the late winter-spring period were similar to those during the summer despite an observed larger population of adults during the latter period. Moreover, egg clutch size for H. vitripennis was generally greater in spring than during summer and was generally higher than that for H. liturata, especially on Riverside jojoba. Larger egg clutch size was seen on grapefruit than on lemon, navel, and tangerine during summer. There appeared to be temporal host shifts in oviposition; most evident was the shift from relatively high rates of oviposition on lemon and tangerine in late winter-early spring to relatively higher rates of oviposition on grapefruit and navel during summer.

Efficacy of Pre- and Postinoculation Application of Fungicides to Expanding Young Citrus Leaves for Control of Melanose, Scab, and Alternaria Brown Spot.

In greenhouse trials, copper hydroxide, pyraclostrobin, and famoxadone were applied to actively growing young citrus seedlings to determine the duration of protection of young leaves provided by these fungicides against melanose, caused by Diaporthe citri, citrus scab, caused by Elsinoe fawcettii, and Alternaria brown spot, caused by Alternaria alternata. Fungicides were applied to different sets of potted plants of grapefruit for control of melanose, of rough lemon for control of scab, and of Dancy tangerine for control of Alternaria brown spot 1 to 6 days prior to inoculation, as well as on the day of inoculation. Leaf area of treated shoots was estimated on the day of fungicide application and the day of inoculation and disease severity evaluated subsequently. In most cases, copper hydroxide and famoxadone provided at least 50% control of all three diseases for only about 2 days after application. Generally, there was little or no disease control when the products were applied 4 or more days before inoculation. In contrast, pyraclostrobin usually provided a high level of control of all three diseases when applied up to 5 days prior to inoculation. The level of disease control decreased as the interval between a fungicide application and inoculation increased and the relationship between disease control and leaf expansion best fit a quadratic equation. Effective disease control was observed with copper hydroxide and famoxadone until leaf area had increased by 100 to 200%, whereas control with pyraclostrobin was observed up to 400 to 500% increase in leaf area. In postinoculation tests with scab and melanose, pyraclostrobin provided high levels of disease control (>75%) when applied up to 2 days after inoculation, whereas copper hydroxide and famoxadone had minimal postinoculation activity. Applications of pyraclostrobin to the spring flush growth of citrus trees are much more likely to provide control of melanose, scab, and Alternaria brown spot than those of famoxadone or copper hydroxide.

Postharvest Quality and Acceptance of LB8-9 Mandarin as a New Fresh Fruit Cultivar

A new mandarin cultivar currently designated as selection LB8-9 [‘Clementine’ mandarin (Citrus reticulata) × ‘Minneola’ tangelo, Duncan grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) × Dancy tangerine (C. reticulata)], soon to be released by the University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, Lake Alfred, has been evaluated for postharvest fruit quality and consumer acceptance. Comparisons were made with ‘Sunburst’ and ‘Minneola’ mandarins, which overlap the early and late LB8-9 maturity season, respectively. LB8-9 and ‘Sunburst’ fruit stored 2 weeks at 70 °F developed similar decay percentages (35% to 37%), while ‘Minneola’ showed only 16% decay. Postharvest pitting incidence was zero in LB8-9 and ‘Minneola’ and 3% in ‘Sunburst’ stored at 70 °F and 92% to 96% relative humidity (RH). At the same storage conditions, LB8-9 and ‘Sunburst’ developed better fruit peel color (hue = 60) in comparison with the ‘Minneola’ (hue = 65) mandarin. No differences were found in fruit external peel color (hue angle), chilling injury, or decay among three cultivars stored at 40 °F after 6 weeks. However, juice color was the best in ‘Sunburst’ as indicated by the highest color numbers (44), followed by LB8-9 (40) and ‘Minneola’ (38). Wax-formulation studies indicated that carnauba wax was the best formulation for coating LB8-9 because of low decay incidence, weight loss, and good color. No difference was found in fruit taste panels at day 6 after packing, while a better score of acceptance in the fruit taste panel was recorded for LB8-9 than ‘Minneola’ after 50 d of storage at 40 °F and 92% to 96% RH. LB8-9 fruit had a higher soluble solids concentration [SSC (14.0)] and acid (1.12) than ‘Minneola’ or ‘Sunburst’ mandarins, both having a SSC and acid lower than 11.5 and 0.86, respectively. Sucrose concentration was noticeably higher in the new cultivar (7.14 g/100 mL) than in ‘Minneola’ (5.27 g/100 mL) or ‘Sunburst’ (6.10 g/100 mL). Vitamin C concentration was 42.43 mg/100 mL for the new cultivar, which was considerably higher than ‘Minneola’ (23.27 mg/100 mL) or ‘Sunburst’ (26.25 mg/100 mL). Overall, LB8-9 has good potential as a new fresh fruit for the consumer, and no serious problems were noted with typical postharvest handling.

FCM, SSR and CAPS Analysis of Intergeneric Somatic Hybrid Plants between Changshou Kumquat and Dancy Tangerine

Flow cytometry (FCM), simple sequence repeats (SSR) and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) were used to characterize the ploidy level and the nuclear and cytoplasmic compositions of two intergeneric somatic hybrids of Changshou kumquat (Fortunella obovata), leaf parent, and Dancy tangerine (Citrus reticulata), suspension parent. FCM showed that both somatic hybrids were tetraploids. One out of two SSR primer pairs was able to detect polymorphisms between the fusion parents, and the somatic hybrids showed additive banding profiles, showing them to be allotetraploid hybrids with inherited nuclear DNA from both parents. CAPS showed that 4 and 1 polymorphic loci were obtained for parental chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes, respectively. The somatic hybrid plants had the same banding patterns as the suspension parent for all of the polymorphic chloroplast markers, and their mitochondrial banding patterns approximated those of the suspension parent with loss of some mtDNA fragments. The present research plays a pivotal role in understanding the relationship between nuclear and cytoplasmic compositions and the likely field performance of somatic hybrids in the future.

Essential oils of Kenyan Citrus fruits: volatile components of two varieties of mandarins (Citrus reticulata) and a tangelo (C. paradisi × C. tangerina)

AbstractThe volatile flavour components of essential oils in peel of kara and sabine mandarins (Citrus reticulata) and minneola tangelo, a hybrid between Duncan grapefruit (C. paradisi Macfadyen) and Dancy tangerine (C. tangerina Tanaka) grown in Kenya were extracted by cold‐pressing and analyzed by GC and GC‐MS. A total of 48, 72 and 56 components amounting to 99.4, 99.8 and 99.8% were identified in each oil, respectively. Monoterpene hydrocarbons constituted 98.1, 96.9 and 96.7% in the respective oils. The major compounds were limonene (87.1–90.7%), γ‐terpinene (1.5–2.9%), terpinolene (1.4–2.2%) and myrcene (1.5–1.8%). α−Terpinene was prominent in sabine oil (3.4%) but absent from kara and minneola oils. β‐Caryophyllene, α‐cubebene and (E, E)‐α‐farnesene amounting to minor percentages (0.2–0.3%) were the notable sesquiterpenes in each oil. Oxygenated compounds constituted 1.1, 2.6 and 2.8% of the kara, sabine and minneola oils, respectively. Carbonyl compounds (0.6–1.3%) and alcohols (0.3–1.3%) were the major groups, whereas linalool (0.2–0.6%), decanal (0.2–0.3%) and octanal (0.2–0.3%) were the prominent compounds. β‐Sinensal was present in each oil at trace quantities. α‐Sinensal and nootkatone were found only in sabine oil. The oils exhibited complex and variable compositions of alcohols, aldehydes and ketones. (E)‐p‐Mentha‐2,8‐dienol, p‐mentha‐1(7), 8(10)‐dien‐9‐ol, p‐menth‐8‐en‐1‐ol and (E)‐pinocarvyl acetate found among the oils have not been previously reported in mandarin peel oils. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Characterization of cold‐pressed Mexican dancy tangerine oils

AbstractThe physicochemical indices, the enantiomeric distribution of some monoterpene hydrocarbons, the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatile fraction and the oxygenated heterocyclic fraction of cold‐pressed Mexican Dancy tangerine essential oils are reported. The volatile fraction is characterized by a higher content of limonene. γ‐Terpinene, myrcene and α‐pinene are the other most abundant hydrocarbons. Linalool is the main oxygenated compound. The oxygen heterocyclic fraction contains five polymethoxylated flavones, tangeritin being the main of them. Very little difference in the chemical and physicochemical composition of Dancy tangerine oils of different geographical origin was detected. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Greenhouse Evaluation of Products That Induce Host Resistance for Control of Scab, Melanose, and Alternaria Brown Spot of Citrus.

Products that induce disease resistance in plants were evaluated on potted seedlings of rough lemon for citrus scab, caused by Elsinoe fawcettii; grapefruit for melanose, caused by Diaporthe citri; and Dancy tangerine for Alternaria brown spot caused by Alternaria alternata pv. citri. Plants were pruned to a single stem with mature leaves and treated at bud break or various times thereafter. New foliage was inoculated and subsequently evaluated for disease severity. Oxycom, Nutriphite, Messenger, Goemar H11, Serenade, ReZist, ProPhyt, Aliette, Actigard, and KeyPlex were evaluated and compared with benomyl or strobilurin fungicides as standards. Most products reduced disease severity compared with the untreated control, but were less effective than standard fungicides. The most generally effective products were ReZist and Actigard, those that contain or produce phosphorous acid (Aliette and Nutriphite), and a bacterial preparation (Serenade). Oxycom and Messenger controlled scab well in some tests. Products that induce host resistance may be useful for disease control in citrus in an integrated program with standard fungicides.

Changes of Some Flavonoids in the Peel of Late Maturing Citrus during Maturation

Eleven flavonoids, including rutin, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, quercetin, naringenin, kaempferol, hesperetin, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-methoxylated flavone, tangeretin in the peel of late maturing citrus fruit species of Mucott (smith tangerine), Singamha (C. natsudaidai), Sambogam (C. sulcata), Hongpalsak (C. hassaku), Seminol (Dancy tangerine), Jawdung (C. aurantium) harvested during from August to December were analyzed with HPLC. The mobile phase consisted of water, acetonitrile with 0.5% acetic acid. Wavelength in UV detector was determined at 254 nm. Naringin, neohesperidin content in the peel of Jawdung harvested at the early stage of maturation were 34.02 mg/g, 13.68 mg/g, respectively,, it was highest among the tested citrus fruits. Hesperidin content in the peel of Mucott harvested at the early stage of maturation was 12.48 mg/g. Rutin content of Sambogam harvested at the early stage of maturation was 5.13 mg/g. Quercetin, naringein, kaempferol, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-methoxylated flavone flavonoids were in trace. Flavonoid contents of Singamha, Sambogam, Jawdung were high in the peel of fruits at the early stage of maturation, after which time they decreased rapidly.

Regeneration and analysis of citrus interspecific mixoploid hybrid plants from asymmetric somatic hybridization

Embryogenic protoplasts of Dancy tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco) were X-ray irradiated at three doses and electrofused with iodoacetic acid-treated embryogenic protoplasts of Page tangelo (C. reticulata Blanco × C. paradisi Macf.). Shoots could regenerate only from the fusion combination with the lowest irradiation dose, but were recalcitrant to rooting. In vitro grafting was applied to obtain complete plants. Chromosome examination showed that the plants contained mainly diploid and aneuploid cells, together with few tetraploid cells, indicating that they were mixoploids. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses with 10-mer arbitrary primers confirmed the plants as true somatic hybrids. This is the first report on regeneration of mixoploid hybrid plants via protoplast asymmetric fusion in Citrus. Negative effects of ionizing irradiation on regeneration of embryoids and plantlets and possible agronomic interest of the mixoploid plants are also discussed.

Phenols in citrus peel byproducts. Concentrations of hydroxycinnamates and polymethoxylated flavones in citrus peel molasses.

In addition to the main flavanone glycosides (i.e., hesperidin and naringin) in citrus peel, polymethoxylated flavones and numerous hydroxycinnamates also occur and are major phenolic constituents of the molasses byproduct generated from fruit processing. Although a small number of the hydroxycinnamates in citrus occur as amides, most occur as esters and are susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis. This susceptibility to alkaline hydrolysis was used in measuring the concentrations of hydroxycinnamates in citrus peel molasses. The highest concentrations of hydroxycinnamates occurred in molasses of orange [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck] and tangerine (C. reticulata Blanco.) compared to grapefruit (C. paradisi Macf.) and lemon [C. limon (L.) Burm.]. Concentrations of two phenolic glucosides, phlorin (phloroglucinol-beta-O-glucoside) and coniferin (coniferyl alcohol-4-beta-O-glucoside), were also measured. Measurements of the polymethoxylated flavones in molasses from several tangerine and orange varieties showed that these compounds occurred in the highest amounts in Dancy tangerine, whereas samples from two other tangerine molasses contained significantly lower levels, similar to those in the molasses samples from late- and early/mid-season oranges.

Suppressive effects of citrus fruits on free radical generation and nobiletin, an anti-inflammatory polymethoxyflavonoid.

Citrus fruit intake is known to be associated with a reduction of cancer incidence. Free radicals, including superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO), are involved in some epithelial carcinogenesis processes. In the present study, we screened thirty-one citrus fruits for their suppressive activities toward three lines of free radical generating systems: 1) O2- generation by the xanthine (XA)-xanthine oxidase (XOD) system; 2) O2- generation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in differentiated human promyelocytic HL-60 cells; and 3) NO generation in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-gamma. As a result, the inhibitory activities of peel parts were largely found to be higher than those of the corresponding juice sac parts. In particular, the peel portion of Dancy tangerine (Citrus tangerinia) showed marked anti-oxidative activities in these systems. In addition, nobiletin, a polymethoxyflavonoid isolated from C. nobilis, showed a higher anti-inflammatory activity than indomethacin in a TPA-induced edema formation test in mouse ears. These results indicate that citrus fruits could be notable sources of anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cancer preventive compounds.

Isolation and Identification of New Polymethoxyflavonoids from Dancy Tangerine Leaves

Ten highly oxygenated flavonoids, including four new compounds, were isolated from the leaves of Dancy tangerine. Six were identified as 5,6,7,3‘,4‘-pentamethoxyflavone (sinensetin) (1), 5,6,7,8,4‘-pentamethoxyflavone (tangeretin) (2), 5,6,7,8,3‘,4‘-hexamethoxyflavone (nobiletin) (3), 5-hydroxy-6,7,3‘,4‘-tetramethoxyflavone (4), 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8,3‘,4‘-tetramethoxyflavone (5), and 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3‘,4‘-pentamethoxyflavone (5-O-desmethylnobiletin) (6) by direct comparison with authentic samples, comparing their spectroscopic data with those reported in the literature or by simply interpreting their spectral data. The new compounds were elucidated as 5,7,8,3‘,4‘- pentamethoxyflavanone (7), 5,6,7,8,3‘,4‘-hexamethoxyflavanone (8), 7-chloro-3,5,6,8,3‘,4‘-hexamethoxyflavone (9), and 7-chloro-3,5,6,8,4‘-pentamethoxyflavone (10) on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic studies. Keywords: Citrus; Dancy tangerine leaves; polymethoxyflavone; chloride polymethoxyflavone; polymethoxyflavanone

First Report of Alternaria Brown Spot of Minneola Tangelo in Turkey

Minneola tangelo, a hybrid of Dancy tangerine and Duncan grapefruit, is widely grown in Turkey for export to Europe. In 1995, 2,000 ha of diseased Minneola tangelo trees were observed in the Cukurova region. Ninety percent of orchards in this region were diseased but disease severity depended upon the location and the disease control strategies employed in each orchard. Symptoms were typical of Alternaria brown spot (1). Fruit symptoms included light brown, slightly depressed spots to circular and dark brown areas on the external surface. On leaves, symptoms ranged from small brown circular spots to irregular blighted areas with characteristic yellow halos. The apices of some young shoots were defoliated. Infected young fruit and leaves often dropped from the tree and the mature fruit were unmarketable due to lesions on the fruit. Alternaria was consistently isolated from diseased leaves and fruit on potato dextrose agar and produced dark brown mycelia and pigmented septate conidia similar to those described previously (1). Detached immature Minneola leaves were inoculated with aqueous conidial suspensions of 15 isolates and maintained in a chamber at near 100% relative humidity for 3 days at 26°C. Thirteen of these isolates caused necrotic lesions on the leaves similar to those observed in the field, i.e., dark, necrotic spots with necrosis extending outward on some veins. Alternaria was reisolated from all infected leaves. This is the first report of Alternaria brown spot of Minneola tangelo in Turkey. Reference: (1) Z. Solel. Plant Pathol. 40:145, 1991.