Dan Pengembangan Research Articles

Profile of Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients at The Medical Rehabilitation Outpatient Department Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital

The elderly group is the age group that is most susceptible to geriatric syndromes, one of which is sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by a progressive and overall decrease in muscle mass and skeletal muscle strength with an increased risk of disability, decreased quality of life, and death. Currently, research on sarcopenia profiles, particularly in Indonesia, is still limited. This research data is expected to help determine policies to improve the quality of services in the health sector. This study used the SARC-F questionnaire and the risk factor questionnaire for sarcopenia in elderly patients at the Medical Rehabilitation Outpatient Department RSUD Dr. Soetomo and has been permitted by the Penelitian dan Pengembangan (LitBang) section RSUD Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya. Several variables used in this study were gender, age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), other diseases, physical activity, mood, and sarcopenia. There were 25 elderly patients at the Medical Rehabilitation Outpatient Department at RSUD Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya in November 2022”January 2023 which met the research inclusion criteria. The age of elderly patients at the Medical Rehabilitation Outpatient Department at RSUD Dr. Soetomo ranged from 60”81 years old, with an average of 60.48 years old. Female is the most common gender among the elderly patients at the Medical Rehabilitation Outpatient Department RSUD Dr. Soetomo, there are 17 (68%) female elderly patients. 80% of the elderly patients were in the young elderly group (60”69 years old), 16% in the middle elderly group (70”79 years old), and 4% in the old elderly group (≥80 years old). Age, gender, other diseases, and physical activity are risk factors that have a significant correlation with sarcopenia among elderly patients at the Medical Rehabilitation Outpatient Department RSUD Dr. Soetomo.

EFEKTIVITAS PENERAPAN SIASN TERHADAP KUALITAS PELAYANAN ADMINISTRASI KEPEGAWAIAN DI BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA KABUPATEN SUMBAWA BARAT

The purpose of this research is to describe the implementation of the Civil Servant Information System (SIASN) innovation in improving the quality of administrative personnel services and to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of the Civil Servant Information System (SIASN) innovation on the quality of administrative personnel services in the Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (BKPSDM) Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat. The research findings show that the implementation of the Civil Servant Information System (SIASN) innovation in the BKPSDM Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat has been successful, resulting in an improvement in the quality of administrative personnel services. This improvement includes increased efficiency, transparency, and accuracy in administrative personnel matters.Regarding the effectiveness of the SIASN implementation at the BKPSDM Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat, it can be evaluated based on the indicators of Easier, Better, Faster, Cheaper, and Safety. In general, the effectiveness is considered "Effective" as the average score from these five indicators is 120, falling within the range of 105 - 129. The relationship/influence can be observed through the correlation value, with an R Square value of 0.688, indicating that 68.8% of the Quality of Administrative Personnel Services is influenced by the Effectiveness of SIASN Implementation.The hypothesis testing using the t-test resulted in a significance value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. Based on the t-value, which is 7.860 and greater than the t-table value of 2.048, it can be concluded that the Effectiveness of SIASN Implementation (X) has a significant influence on the Quality of Administrative Personnel Services (Y). These results indicate that the proposed hypothesis is accepted, meaning that the effectiveness of SIASN implementation has a positive impact on the quality of administrative personnel services at the BKPSDM Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat

The Effect of Change Management, Training and Work Life Balance on Employee Performance at the Regional Personnel and Human Resources Development Agency of Pangkalpinang City

This study aims to determine whether there is an effect of change management, training and work life balance on employee performance. The population inthis study were all employees at the Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Daerah Kota Pangkalpinang by sampling with the saturated sample method. The data analysis techniques used were validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis tests, t tests, f tests, and R2 tests using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 24.
 Based on descriptive analysis on the variables of change management and work life balance are in the very high category, and training is in the high category. Based on multiple linear regression analysis shows that Change Management, Training, Work Life Balance partially and simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employee performance. The results of the analysis of the coefficient of determination (R2) with Adjusted R Square of 0.74 or 74%. It states that the variable of employee performance is influenced by the variables of management, training, and work-life balance by 74%, the remaining 26% is influenced by other variables from the research variables.

DETERMINANTS OF EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY AT BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA KOTA MANADO

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine whether motivation, communication, work stress, job satisfaction, and work-life balance affect employee productivity in the Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengambangan Sumber Daya Manusia Kota Manado. This research uses a quantitative approach with a descriptive research design. The data analysis method used in this research is Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The researcher distributed questionnaires, and the sample used was 54 respondents. The results of motivation, communication, work stress, job satisfaction, and work-life balance simultaneously have a significant effect on employee productivity in Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Kota Manado. Partially, communication, work stress, job satisfaction, and work-life balance have a significant effect on Employee productivity, while motivation doesn't have a significant effect on Employee Productivity. Based on the results, communication, work stress, job satisfaction, and work-life balance have a substantial effect on employee productivity, although motivation does not. Leaders should consider focusing on the variables that have a significant influence in employee productivity. Keywords: motivation, communication, work stress, job satisfaction, work-life balance and employee productivity

Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Fisik Dan Fasilitas Kerja Terhadap Efektivitas Kerja Pegawai Di BKPSDM Kota Surakarta

This study aims to determine (1) the impact of the physical work environment on employee effectiveness, (2) the impact of work facilities on employee effectiveness, and (3) the combined impact of the physical work environment and work facilities on employee effectiveness. The research was conducted at the Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Kota Surakarta. This research uses a quantitative descriptive correlation method, which is used to explain the phenomena under study using numbers or measurable data. The sampling technique used in this study is Non Probability Sampling. The sample size consisted of 47 employees from Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Kota Surakarta. The data collection technique employed in this study involves the utilization of questionnaires/surveys, with the Likert scale employed as the measurement scale. The collected data will be subjected to analysis using multiple linear regression.The results of this study indicate that (1) there is a significant impact of the physical work environment on employee effectiveness with (tcount 2.931 > ttable 2.01537), (2) there is a significant impact of work facilities on employee effectiveness with (tcount 2.744 > ttable 2.01537). Furthermore, there is a significant combined impact of the physical work environment (X1) and work facilities (X2) on employee effectiveness (Y) with an (Fcount 11.395 > Ftable of 3.20).

The Effect of Herbicides and Cultivation Systems on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield

The rice cultivation systems commonly used by farmers are the transplanted (called ‘Tapin’) and the direct-seeded (called ‘Tabela’) system. The Tabela system has many advantages over the Tapin system but has a weakness: the increase in weed population due to water conditions during transplantation. Therefore, weed management is necessary to increase rice yields. One way to control weeds is by applying herbicides. Using a single active ingredient herbicide continuously increases the chances for weeds to develop resistance against these active ingredients. Therefore, mixing herbicides with different active ingredients can be an alternative to improve weed management. This study aims to determine the effect of weed control and cropping systems to suppress weeds and provide the highest growth and rice yield. The research was conducted at the Agricultural Training and Development Research Center (Sanggar Penelitian Latihan dan Pengembangan Pertanian [SPLPP]) of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Ciparay, Bandung Regency. This research was designed as a separate plot design with ten treatments and three replications with the main plot of cropping system and subplots of weed control. Weed management treatments consisted of bensulfuron-methyl 12% and bispyribac-sodium 18%; penoxsulam 15 g/L and pretilachlor 385 g/L; cyhalofop-butyl 100 g/L; manual weeding; and untreated control. Results that showed significant differences were tested using Duncan's test (DMRT) with α = 5%. Results showed that the Tabela system combined with bensulfuron-methyl 12% and bispyribac-sodium 18% suppressed weed growth and provided good growth and rice yield.

Analysis of Youth Interest in Work as Sheep Farmers at P4S LKP2U

An increase in the number of demands for lamb meat every year represents livestock business opportunity while the supply from smallholder farmers continues to decline, causing prices to rise yearly. Sustainability is important in the sheep farming business, which older farmer dominated. The objective of this research was to assess the inclination of the younger population towards pursuing careers as sheep farmers after participating at the Pusat Pelatihan Pertanian Pedesaan Swadaya (P4S) of Lembaga Kajian dan Pengembangan Potensi Umat (LKP2U) program in the Madiun Regency. Novelty of the research is the presentation of the latest information on youth interest in working as a farmer. Data collection was carried out in December 2022 using non-probability sampling. The data in this study were analyzed using a Likert scale to measure entrepreneurial interest and demographic factors. Furthermore, a binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between the predictor and response variables. Youth interest after participating in the training program chooses an interest in working as a sheep farmer at 70%. Factors that influence youth interest after attending the training program towards employment as a sheep farmer are demographic factors namely age, marital status, duration of education, parents occupation, parents income, family members, and entrepreneurial factors (e.g personal, environmental, and social).

Visitor Perception of the Agricultural Research and Assessment Installation (IP2TP) in Samboja Case Study: Visits by Students from the State Polytechnic of Samarinda

The study aimed to investigate the perception of visitors towards the Agricultural Research and Assessment Installation (IP2TP) in Samboja, with a specific focus on visits by students from the State Polytechnic of Samarinda. IP2TP Samboja serves as a testing ground for various agricultural technological innovations developed by the Agricultural Research and Development Agency (Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian). Additionally, it provides a learning platform for agricultural students, allowing them to engage in fieldwork activities and gain firsthand knowledge of the innovative technologies employed. A descriptive analysis method was employed, utilizing surveys to collect data. The respondents consisted of 80 randomly selected students from the State Polytechnic of Samarinda (Politeknik Pertanian / Politani) who had participated in visits to IP2TP Samboja. The findings of the study indicated that visitor perception of IP2TP Samboja was influenced by factors such as the visitors' educational background and their level of interest in specific agricultural commodities.

SWOT Analysis for Center of Technology Development and Industrial Collaboration in the Context of New Normal, Industry 4.0, and Society 5.0

Post-pandemic recovery in the new normal era is one of the challenges industries in 2022. This is in addition to the use of industry 4.0 and society 5.0, labeled as “triple challenge” by industries to determine their direction and business strategies. These factors become an opportunity for the Center of Technology Development and Industrial Collaboration or Pusat Kajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi dan Kolaborasi Industri (PKPTKI) to improve its management to support industries. Three steps were conducted to tackle those challenges. The first is identifying and mapping the industry partner’s challenges. The second is solution mapping to support them while facing the triple challenges, and lastly is formulating the solutions using SWOT analysis and developing a new roadmap for PKPTKI. The outputs are the partner challenges and knowledge mapping, SWOT analysis, and solution strategies with a planned improvement program.

Aplikasi Augmented Reality (AR) untuk Pengenalan Varietas Anggur Hasil Balitbangtan

Augmented reality is a combination of two worlds: virtual and real world, which mean objects in the virtual world can be displayed in the real world. The use of augmented reality in the introduction media, in the form of applications on android smartphones designed as the introduction of varieties of grape from Balitbangtan. Balitbangtan (Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian) is the highest structural office in the Ministry of Agriculture with the task of researching, developing and innovating in agriculture. The purpose of this application is to introduce the grape varieties from Balitbangtan in the ebook, “Budidaya Tanaman Anggur” in a more interactive and easy to understand way by displaying objects in 3D virtual and can make sounds containing explanations about the variety of grape from Balitbangtan. This application will show three types of grape varieties of Balitbangtan with markers according to the image of the grape variety in the ebook. Apps are built using Unity, Vuforia, and Blender. The method used in this study is the method of collection of data questionnaires (wags) which is a data collection technique performed by asking questions or written statements to respondents to answer them. The questionnaire was conducted by researchers by spreading a list of questions to students and millennial farmers who read the e-book. Results from questionnaires found that 80% of respondents agreed with the implementation of augmented reality in the introduction of Balitbangtan grape varieties with category “Totally Agree”.Method that used in this research is MDLC method (multimedia development life cycle). There are six steps in this method such as concepting, designing material collection, creating, testing, and distribution. We are testing applications and user satisfaction. Testing user satisfaction done through survey or questionnaire. survey done by researcher with spread question list to college student and millennial farmer that read ebook Budidaya Tanaman Anggur and they have installed and using application introduction to grape variety from Balitbangtan. The result of the survey found that 80% respondent agree with augmented reality applied to the introduction to grape variety from Balitbangtan.

MOTIVASI KERJA DALAM PENINGKATAN KINERJA PEGAWAI BADAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH, PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN KOTA PALANGKA RAYA

Work motivation is a faktor that encourages someone to carry out activities at work. This is very important because motivation supports human behavior so that they want to work hard and enthusiastically in achieving their goals. Work motivation as a determinant of organizational success, one of which aims to improve the performance of employees of Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah, Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kota Palangka Raya.
 The purpose of this study is to find out and describe how work motivation in improving the performance of Bappedalitbang Palangka Raya employees, what are the motivating and inhibiting faktors of work motivation in improving the performance employees of Bappedalitbang Palangka Raya City and what efforts are being made to increase work motivation of Bappedalitbang employees of Palangka Raya City. The method used in this research is qualitative method. In analyzing the research, the researcher used several data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation.
 In this study using the theory put forward by Afandi, namely through indikators of remuneration, working conditions, work facilities, work performance, recognition from superiors and the work itself.
 The results of this study indicate that work motivation in improving the performance of Bappedalitbang employees of Palangka Raya City has implemented the indikators proposed by Afandi. Work motivation in improving the performance of Bappedalitbang Palangka Raya employees is very good. However, further efforts are needed to further improve the performance of its employees.

Penerapan Metode Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Dalam Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Calon Peserta Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Pengawas Bagi Pejabat Struktural

In the nomination of candidates for Pelatihan Kepemimpinan Pengawas (PKP), the Badan Kepegawaian dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia (BKPSDM) Kota Bekasi is still experiencing problems in determining the nominative to be dispatched. The impact of these problems is in the form of a mismatch of the nominations of potential participants with priorities that must be expedited. Therefore, it is necessary to have a system that uses a database so as to assist the leadership in making decisions to determine and determine the nominative priorities of prospective PKP participants. In this study, the authors propose the application of the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method. The data collection method used is the method of observation and interviews. The criteria proposed from the interview results include Age (weight: 0.35), Echelon (weight: 0.25), Group (weight: 0.2), Service Period (weight: 0.15) and Employee Work Target Value (weight: 0.05). The system development method used is the Waterfall method. The system is built using the PHP programming language with MySQL as the database. System design using Unified Modeling Language (UML) and system testing using Black-box Testing. With this decision support system, the leadership will get the results of anyone who has the right to be proposed to take part in the Training.

The Benefits and Risks of Spraying Disinfectants in The Public Spaces During The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Pandemic: A Literature Review Stud

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads quickly through droplets from the patient's nose or mouth, falls on objects around them, and becomes the transmission source for others. Therefore, the community prevents COVID-19 transmission by spraying disinfectants in the environment and using sanitary booths for humans despite not being recommended by the Indonesian government and WHO because it's a health risk. This study analyzes the benefits and risks of spraying disinfectants in public spaces during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic. This study used six database sources: Pubmed ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puslitbang Ukesmas), and Elsevier during 2016-2021, with inclusion and exclusion criteria selected by the authors on PRISMA flow diagram. There were 15 articles matching those criteria. Nine concluded that spraying disinfectants in the community could prevent the spread of COVID-19. In addition, it was efficient for surface objects and large areas. Furthermore, ≤ 200 ppm chlorine-based disinfectants and 15% alcohol-based were safe to use. Meanwhile, six articles revealed a risk of spraying disinfectants due to improper disinfectants mixing and spraying disinfectants on food and the body. In conclusion, spraying disinfectants in the community is safe for the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin of humans. It also can prevent the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 when the method, material, and usage are appropriate.

Numerical Modelling of Wave Attenuation in Pile Breakwater

Pile breakwater is an artificial coastal structure consisting of closely spaced piles. Its benefits are similar to other coastal structures by attenuating the energy of the incoming wave. In this paper, the wave attenuation caused by the pile structure is investigated using a numerical model, namely the SWASH model. The model allows for simulating non-hydrostatic phenomena in coastal waters as driven by waves. The model setup is conducted in a rectangular wave flume with paddles to produce monochromatic waves on the left and the wave absorber on the other side. Several scenarios were carried out to determine the effect of variations in wave parameters. To deal with the efficiency of numerically modelled pile breakwater, we also investigate the transmission coefficient. We compare the result of the numerical model with experimental data, which took place in a wave flume at Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pantai, Buleleng, Bali, Indonesia. The validation results demonstrate the capability of the SWASH Model to approximate the incident and transmitted wave height with good accuracy compared to experimental data.

Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) dan Kemandirian Sosial-Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa: Kasus di Desa Senduro, Kabupaten Lumajang

Artikel ini akan mengulas tentang pelaksanaan Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) dan dampaknya terhadap Kemandirian Sosial-Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Senduro. Sejauh ini, penelitian tentang desa masih seputar soal kondisi desa dan masyarakat desa beserta problem-problemnya. Sementara yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan ADD dan dampaknya belum banyak mendapatkan perhatian. Padahal, kebijakan ADD diyakni dapat berkontribusi pada perbaikan dan peningkatan kemandirian desa, khususnya di bidang sosial-ekonomi masyarakat desa. Artikel ini adalah hasil penelitian dengan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitiaan ini menunjukkan, bahwa pelaksanaan kebijakan ADD di Desa Senduro dijalankan sesuai kebutuhan masyarakat desa. Ada dua kebutuhan yang teridentivikasi, yakni pembentukan Senduro sebagai Desa Adat dan Pengembangan Desa Wisata. Pelaksanaan dua kebutuhan desa ini secara nyata memberikan dampak terhadap kemandirian sosial ekonomi desa. Program dan kegiatan dalam rangka pembentukan Desa Adat dan Pengembangan Desa Wisata dilakukan dengan semangat kebersamaan dan gotong royong. Ikatan sosial yang kuat diantara warga mampu membangun kemandirian ekonomi masyarakat. Pelaksanaan ADD secara gotong royong mampu membangun kemandirian sosial-ekonomi masyarakat Desa Senduro menjadi lebih produktif. Allocation of Village Funds and Socio-Economic Autonomy Of Village Communities: A Case in Senduro Village,Lumajang RegencyThis study aims to examine how the implementation of ADD and its impact on the Socio-Economic Independence of the Senduro Village Community, Senduro District, Lumajang Regency. This research is motivated by two important aspects that are currently happening and being experienced by the village. First, the condition of the village and village community, each of which struggles with socio-economic problems such as poverty, unemployment, and the village's economic level which is still weak and difficult to develop. Second, there is a very strategic and important opportunity for the improvement and improvement of the welfare of rural communities, namely through Law no. 6 of 2014 concerning Villages and Government Regulation No. 43 of 2014 concerning Implementing Regulations of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. With the new legal basis, the village now has autonomy, both in governance and village financial management. The village fund allocation policy (ADD) is believed to be able to contribute to the improvement and improvement of village independence, especially in the socio-economic field of rural communities. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative approach. Descriptive research is research conducted with the main objective to describe the facts that occur objectively. This research is based more on collecting qualitative data in the form of informants' experiences which are presented in verbal form, especially those related to the implementation of ADD and its impact on the Socio-Economic Independence of the people of Senduro Village, Senduro District, Lumajang Regency. The research data obtained were analyzed using the theory of empowerment. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of ADD policies in Senduro Village is carried out according to the needs of the village community. There are two needs of villages that utilize ADD, namely the establishment of Senduro as a Traditional Village and Development of a Tourism Village. The implementation of these two village needs has a real impact on the socio-economic independence of the village. Community Programs and Activities of Senduro Village for the establishment of Senduro as a Traditional Village and Tourism Village Development is carried out in the spirit of togetherness and mutual cooperation. Strong social ties among citizens are able to build community economic independence. The implementation of ADD in mutual cooperation is able to build the socio-economic independence of the people of Senduro Village to be more productive.

Occupational Health, Productivity and Evidence-Based Workplace Health Intervention

Occupational Health, Productivity and Evidence-Based Workplace Health Intervention

Relationship between HBV-DNA viral load and transaminase enzymes in hepatitis B patients in a low setting area

Chronic hepatitis B is still an infectious disease that is a major problem in Asia. The success of antiviral therapy against hepatitis B infection has been widely supported by very sensitive laboratory tests to monitor hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA. However, in developing countries like Indonesia, the measurement of HBV-DNA level is still a challenge. Apart from limited access, a limited health insurance system contributes to this obstacle. Potential markers are transaminase enzymes (ALT and AST) although not all studies show a strong association. This study aims to analyze the relationship between HBV-DNA viral load and transaminase enzymes (ALT and AST) in hepatitis B patients in a low setting area. This study was funded by Deputi Bidang Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan, Kemenristek/BRIN. This study using observational research with secondary data from January to November 2020 in hepatitis B patients at Dr. Sardjito Hospital. This study has been approved by the Committee of Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing (FK-KMK), Universitas Gadjah Mada. The subjects of this study were 139 hepatitis B patients. The median of HBV-DNA level was 4.56 log IU/mL (0.84-8.20 IU/mL). The median ALT and AST levels were 41.0 U/L (6.0-1041.0 U/L) and 43.0 U/L (13.0-1058.0 U/L), respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there was a weak but statistically significant relationship between HBV-DNA and both ALT and AST levels (r = 0.383; p < 0.01; r = 0.334; p < 0.01). This study demonstrates the possibility of using transaminase enzymes to monitor hepatitis B patients in a low setting area.

Laboratory healthcare gap of hepatitis B care in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (HBsAg, anti-HBs, hepatitis B envelope antigen [HBeAg], anti-HBe, and anti-hepatitis B core [HBc] IgM/IgG) was used as the basis for diagnosis and differences in the chronicity of hepatitis B infection. This study aims to explore the laboratory healthcare gap of the patient with hepatitis B infection in our setting and whether laboratory data completeness affects the results. This study used retrospective data taken from the Medical Records of hepatitis B patients at Dr. Sardijto Hospital in 2020. The subjects in this study were hepatitis B patients with positive HBsAg. The exclusion criteria were individuals who had co-infection with the hepatotropic virus or HIV. This study was funded by Deputi Bidang Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan, Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi/Badan Inovasi Nasional. A total of 232 patients were included in the study. All patients underwent HBsAg examination and tested positive, with 65.09% of subjects had HBV DNA examination. HBeAg examination result was only found in 18% of patients. Anti HBc examinations were only found in 2 patients. No subjects were examined for anti-HBs in this study. The proportion of subjects examined for the liver function was still low (< 50%), with the most widely checked parameters are AST and ALT while other parameters are very rare. The utilization of serological tests and hepatic function in hepatitis B patients in Yogyakarta, Indonesia is still low. Intervention and financial support are needed to improve the quality of life of patients with hepatitis B who were treated.

Kajian Strategi Penanganan Kawasan Kumuh di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah

Slum area remains as the main problem faced in urban settlement areas, especially in developing countries. Slum area in Central Bangka Regency reaches a total area of 55.92 hectares, covering 9.1% of Central Bangka Regency area. The local government formulized a strategy named Construction and Development Plan of Housing and Settlement Areas (Rencana Pembangunan dan Pengembangan Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman/RP3KP). The objective of this strategy is to analyze whether the strategy for slum upgrading in Central Bangka Regency has been formulated effectively. This is significant since a study of the strategy needs to be conducted before the strategy is legalized and becomes the basic framework for implementation. Quantitative technique is depicted throughout this article by comparing strategies resulted from the RP3KP document with literature driven indicators and with Law Number 1 Year 2011 on Housing and Settlements. Result shows that the plan has been formulated effectively according to three assessment aspects, namely political aspects, administrative aspects, and their suitability to Law Number 1 Year 2011. Despite, for more effective implementation, is it suggested to operationalize the strategy by formulating mechanisms and instruments for effective governance. More detailed implementation strategies shall be regulated, to not only concentrate on physical aspects, but also on non-physical aspects, such as social, economic, and demographical aspects.

METAFORA SEBAGAI KRITIKAN SOSIAL DALAM PANTUN MEMBENTUK NILAI INSAN

Criticisms in traditional Malay works are produced in various forms, and usually, the criticisms are not conveyed in an explicit or blunt manner. Therefore, the language used to convey the criticisms is figurative language filled with similes and metaphors. These forms of criticisms can be observed in proverbs, pantuns, and other forms of poems, songs, tales of humour and of animals, folktales, sagas, and historical literature. Social criticisms through metaphorical elements in poems are able to depict the wisdom of the Malays in the times of old. This paper aims to identify the metaphorical elements found in pantuns and analyse the social criticisms and values in them based on the Relevance theory. It will see how metaphors in pantuns play the role of social critics. Data used for this study is from a book by Tenas Effendy (2004) titled Tunjuk Ajar Dalam Pantun Melayu, published in Yogyakarta by Balai Kajian dan Pengembangan Budaya Melayu. This study will apply the Relevance theory, where this theory emphasises the processing of information and is able to assist readers to understand the metaphorical elements that are scientifically represented. Thus, social criticisms that exist in traditional Malays pantuns are not only for entertainment purposes but also carry a far deeper meaning. Pantuns have metaphorical elements where they are able to create cynical and sharp criticisms.