Damaged Hair Research Articles

Impact of repeated intranasal gentamicin irrigation on auditory brainstem evoked potentials in rats.

Gentamicin is a bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic that broadly targets Gram-negative microbes. Both human and animal studies have shown that administration of gentamicin is ototoxic by several routes of administration and results in sensorineural hearing loss due to damaged hair cell at the base of the cochlea. However, gentamicin is also administered intranasally to treat sinusitis in humans, but no animal studies have examined ototoxicity of gentamicin administered via this route. We hypothesized that intranasal irrigation of gentamicin will result in ototoxicity and impaired auditory function similar to systemic delivery. We investigated this hypothesis in Sprague-Dawley rats that received intranasal irrigations of gentamicin or saline from postnatal day (P) 21-31. We examined auditory function by assessing brainstem auditory evoked potentials in response to both broadband clicks and pure tone-pips (4, 8, 16, 24 and 32kHz) on P41. We found significant changes in auditory function in gentamicin-exposed animals. Specifically, gentamicin-exposed animals had significantly higher thresholds in response to both clicks and tone-pips. In response to broadband clicks, there were no changes in latency for waves I through IV. However, we found significantly longer wave and interwave latencies for all waves in response to the 24kHz tone-pip. Together, these findings suggest that intranasal administration of gentamicin results in impaired auditory function consistent with other routes of delivery.

Biomimetics through bioconjugation of 16-methylheptadecanoic acid to damaged hair for hair barrier recovery

The primary component of the lipid barrier on human hair, which is essential for defense against aging and environmental stresses, is 18-methyleicosanoic acid (18-MEA), which provides hydrophobic properties and protective benefits. Since 18-MEA cannot be regenerated once damaged, developing technology that can permanently bind alternative materials to hair is critical. Once 18-MEA was removed from hair via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), pentaerythritol tetraisoosterate (PTIS) was hydrolyzed and observed via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to confirm that it mimicked 18-MEA, and 16-methylheptadecanoic acid (16-MHA) was obtained at pH 4 or lower. 16-MHA was bioconjugated to damaged hair from which 18-MEA was removed via a carbodiimide reaction using polycarbodiimide. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) confirmed that 16-MHA remained on the surface of the bioconjugated hair even after washing. Observation of the endothermic reaction of moisture in hair via a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and evaluation of the moisture content confirmed that the physical properties of hair enriched with 16-MHA were similar to those of virgin hair. This biomimetic approach has been shown to restore both external structural integrity and internal moisture homeostasis.

Evaluation of Hair Changes and Damage According to Hair Iron Heating Plate Material

This study investigates the effects of ceramic and polymer heating plates on the surface and structure of hair. To evaluate the degree of hair damage caused by the iron and polymer heating plate materials, hair moisture content and the degree of hair fading were measured using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and a colorimeter, respectively. Additionally, a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the change in the microstructure of the hair. As a result, hair treated using a polymer iron contained significantly higher moisture than hair treated using a ceramic iron. The colorimeter analysis showed that ceramic irons caused fading and damage to hair color, whereas polymer irons did not. Lastly, hair treated with a ceramic flat iron had extensive surface scratches and cuticle melting from the SEM analysis, unlike hair treated with a polymer iron, which preserves superior hair shape and cuticle integrity.

The Anti-Flyaway/Frizz Effect by Inducing the α-Helical Structure Transition of Hair

In order to reduce chronic hair flyaways/frizz, both reducing and oxidizing agents have to be used, leaving aside the hair damage issues. This study presents changes in hair morphology caused by treatment with a shampoo containing only reducing agents, excluding oxidizing agents that affect critical hair damages. As a result of flyaway/frizz improvement rates calculated through monitoring of the area of light transmittance in the hair tresses, reducing agents, such as ammonium thioglycolate (ATG), L-cysteine, and sodium sulfite were found to be effective in decreasing hair flyaway/frizz. Additionally, the methods to maintain homeostasis and control damage caused by oxidation during washing were also used to see flyaway/frizz improvement rates. Measurements using electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) showed that the surface charge of hair tresses treated with shampoo containing reducing agents was lowered. Using Raman spectroscopic analysis, it has been suggested that these treatments with reducing agents induced a 3D structural transition of the hair from an α-helix to a random coil. In addition, this structural release was confirmed, identifying the reduction in the enthalpy of the α-helix using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, we verified that this change causes no hair damage through a tensile strength test. Therefore, the formulation of shampoo with reducing agents can be used as an effective strategy to care for hair flyaway/frizz without hair damage issues.

State-of-the-Art on the Impact of Bimodal Acoustic Stimulation on Speech Perception in Noise in Adults: A Systematic Review.

Bimodal stimulation (BS), which combines the use of a cochlear implant (CI) in one ear and a hearing aid (HA) in the opposite ear, is an established strategy to treat hearing loss by exploiting the unique capabilities of each device. CIs stimulate the auditory nerve by bypassing damaged hair cells, while HAs amplify sounds by requiring a functional hearing residual. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of BS such as speech perception in noise. We examined clinical studies published from October 2020 to July 2024, following the PRISMA guidelines, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of BS on speech perception in noise in adulthood. BS in adult patients significantly improves speech perception in quiet and noisy environments, especially for those with increased residual hearing. Unilateral CIs and BS perform similarly in quiet conditions, but BS significantly improves speech discrimination in noisy environments if loudness between the two devices is appropriately balanced. Directional microphones and programming software are new technologies that succeed in reducing environmental noise and improving verbal perception outcomes, although their features in the literature are controversial. In addition, the individuals using BS may face temporal mismatches mainly due to differing device latencies, affecting sound localization. Compensating for these mismatches can enhance localization accuracy. However, modulated noise remains a significant obstacle to verbal perception in noise. Valuable assessment tools such as music tests provide further information on hearing performance and quality of life. More research is needed to define certain selection criteria.

Photobiomodulation as a Potential Adjuvant Therapy to Improve Cochlear Implant Efficiency.

Objective: Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a noninvasive therapeutic modality with widespread applications for modulating various biological processes. Although the exact mechanisms of action remain uncertain, PBM promotes homeostasis through diverse pathways, including reducing inflammation and enhancing tissue recovery. Hearing loss is irreversible in mammals due to the limited regenerative capacity of cochlear hair cells. Cochlear implants offer a solution by electrically stimulating the auditory nerve, bypassing damaged hair cells in individuals with severe hearing loss. However, postoperative inflammatory responses and cochlear nerve fiber damage can compromise implant efficacy. Materials and Methods: We investigated current strategies to minimize secondary cochlear damage after cochlear implantation and evaluated the potential of PBM as an adjuvant therapeutic approach. Results: The auditory cell protective effects of PBM could significantly enhance the performance of EAS devices in individuals with residual hearing. Further, postoperative CI is accompanied by an inflammatory response characterized by the upregulation of specific cytokines. Conclusion: Considering the neuroregenerative potential of PBM, its application as a neuroprotective strategy warrants further validation.

Emerging Applications of Herbal-Based Nanocosmeceuticals for Beauty and Skin Therapy

: Herbal cosmeceuticals are a rapidly expanding sector of the personal care industry, and their use has greatly expanded over time. The advancement of research and development is demonstrated by nanotechnology, which boosts product efficacy by delivering innovative solutions. The application of nanotechnology is growing in the field of cosmeceuticals to address numerous shortcomings of conventional herbal products. Lower penetration and high compound instability of various cosmetic products for prolonged and enhanced compound delivery to beauty-based skin therapy are the main problems with the use of phyto-based cosmeceuticals. Nanosized delivery technologies are currently being used in cosmeceutical industries and products for prolonged and improved delivery of phyto-derived bioactive chemicals to solve these drawbacks. The aseptic sensation of many cosmeceutical products is improved by nanosizing phytocompounds, which also improve skin-protective properties and sustained delivery. Nanocosmeceuticals are now commonly utilized on skin, hair, lips, and nails to treat disorders including wrinkles, photoaging, hyperpigmentations, dandruff, hair damage, chapped lips, etc. Some of the cutting-edge nanotechnologies now being used for improved delivery of the phytoconstituents in skin care therapy include liposomes, ethosomes, glycerosomes, transferosomes, niosomes, phytosomes, nanostructured lipid carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanogels, etc. The advantages of these novel nanocarriers include improved skin penetration, controlled and prolonged drug release, increased stability, site-specific targeting, high entrapment efficiency, and improved bioavailability. Several phytoconstituents such as curcumin, aloe vera, resveratrol, lycopene, tocopherol, quercetin, catechins, and lutein have been successfully nanosized by employing various delivery technologies and incorporated in various gels, lotions, and creams for skin, lip, hair, and nail care for their sustained effects. The present article primarily focuses on the use of phytocompounds in various cosmeceutical products, diverse classes of innovative nanocarriers employed for delivering herbal nanocosmeceuticals, and the use of various phytobioactive compounds in novel nanocosmeceutical formulations to improve skin-based therapy.

An Examination of the Potential Hair Damage Caused by Coconut Oil’s Dark Side

The moisturizing and nourishing qualities of coconut oil, a popular hair care product, have been praised. On the other hand, an increasing amount of data indicates that using coconut oil incorrectly or excessively can harm hair. This paper attempts to provide an overview of the available data about the possible harm that coconut oil may cause to hair, including pore blockage, protein accumulation, and moisture imbalance. A thorough review of the literature shows that the high protein content and thick, greasy texture of coconut oil can lead to clogged pores, inflammation, itching, and hair loss in addition to weighted-down hair, frizz, and breakage of the hair. Moreover, overusing coconut oil can throw off the natural moisture balance of the hair, causing frizz, brittleness, and dryness. This review emphasizes the need to use coconut oil with carefully to prevent potential harm to hair and offers safe usage guidelines.

Color Fastness and Damage of Hair Dyed with Aplysia kurodai Pigment Extracts

Color Fastness and Damage of Hair Dyed with Aplysia kurodai Pigment Extracts

Color Fastness and Damage of Hair Dyed with Parmotrema reticulatum Extract

Color Fastness and Damage of Hair Dyed with Parmotrema reticulatum Extract

Bleached Hair as Standard Template to Insight the Performance of Commercial Hair Repair Products

The increasing demand for effective hair care products has highlighted the necessity for rigorous claims substantiation methods, particularly for products that target specific hair types. This is essential because the effectiveness of a product can vary significantly based on the hair’s condition and characteristics. A well-defined bleaching protocol is crucial for creating a standardized method to assess product efficacy, especially for products designed to repair damaged hair. The objective of this study was to create a practical bleaching protocol that mimics real-world consumer experiences, ensuring that hair samples exhibit sufficient damage for testing. This approach allows for a reliable assessment of how well various products can repair hair. The protocol serves as a framework for evaluating hair properties and the specific effects of each product on hair structure. Color, brightness, lightness, morphology, and topography were primarily used to understand the big differences in the hair fiber when treated with two repair benchmark products, K18® and Olaplex®, in relation to the Bleached hair. The devised bleaching protocol proved to be a fitting framework for assessing the properties of hair and the unique characteristics of each tested product within the hair fiber. This protocol offers valuable insights and tools for substantiating consumer claims, with morphological and mechanical methods serving as indispensable tools for recognizing and validating claims related to hair. The addition of K18® and Olaplex® demonstrated an increase in hair brightness (Y) and lightness (L* and a*) in relation to the Bleached samples, which were considered relevant characteristics for consumers. Olaplex®’s water-based nature creates a visible inner sheet, effectively filling empty spaces and improving the disulfide linkage network. This enhancement was corroborated by the increased number of disulfide bonds and evident changes in the FTIR profile. In contrast, K18®, owing to the lipophilic nature of its constituents, resulted in the formation of an external layer above the fiber. The composition of each of the products had a discrete impact on the fiber distribution, which was an outcome relevant to the determination of spreadability by consumers.

Influence of particle parameters on deposition onto healthy and damaged human hair.

This research investigates how particle parameters, such as zeta potential, size, functional group, material composition, and hydrophobicity affect their affinity and deposition of particles onto hair. Streaming potential was used as the technique for analysis. The streaming potential data obtained was then converted to surface coverage data. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also done to visualize particle localization on the hair surface. This study found stronger particle affinity on healthy than on damaged (oxidatively bleached) hair, due to diminished interaction sites from the removal of the hair shaft's external lipid layer. SEM imaging supported these findings and offered insights into particle localization. Hydrophilic silica particles accumulated along the exposed hydrophilic cuticle edges of healthy hair, due to hydrogen bonding with the exposed endocuticle. This localization is hypothesized to be due to the limited hydrophilic binding sites on the hydrophobic healthy hair cuticle surface. In damaged hair, an abundance of hydrophilic sites across the cuticle surface results in more dispersed binding. Hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction were shown to be the predominant forces influencing deposition, with hydrophobic interactions playing a less influential role. The affinity studies also proved that electrostatic attractions work over a longer range and are more effective at lower particle conditions compared with hydrogen bonding which only start to play a bigger role at higher particle concentrations. Steric hindrance of bulky side groups acted as a significant repulsive force. Results also revealed that larger particles deposit poorly on both healthy and damaged hair compared with smaller ones. Compared with neutrally charged silica nanoparticles (SN-2), positively charged PMMA particles (PN+16) have a stronger affinity to healthy hair, with highly charged particles (PN+49) depositing most rapidly. This study provides a fundamental understanding of how particle-surface parameters influence their affinity to hair and how damaging hair affects deposition.

Development and Evaluation of a Novel Fish-Derived Protein Peptide Conditioner Formulated with Pneumatophorus japonicus Heads Peptides

Given the unique advantage of hair conditioners formulated with marine-derived proteins and their hydrolysates in terms of green, effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. This study presents a novel fish-derived protein peptide-based hair conditioner that featuring Pneumatophorus japonicus heads peptides (PHP). Results demonstrate that the PHP conditioner exhibits favorable sensory properties, improves the surface morphology and structure of damaged hair, reduce the degree of fragmentation and roughness, improve the gloss and make hair smoother. PHP penetrates into the hair shaft, interacting with hair fiber keratin to enhance the integrity and stability of the α-conformation of hair keratin. Furthermore, the PHP conditioner treatment increased total amino acid content by 4.98% and hydrophobic amino acid content by 2.67%, approaching the levels observed in virgin hair. Therefore, the PHP conditioner effectively permeates the surface and interior of hair fibers, filling voids and ameliorating changes in both the microstructural and compositional aspects of the hair. These improvements surpass those observed with a commercially available wheat protein conditioner. Overall, the PHP conditioner effectively repairs damaged hair, offering a new strategy for the development of innovative natural hair care products.

Metabolic Profiling of Cochlear Organoids Identifies α-Ketoglutarate and NAD+ as Limiting Factors for Hair Cell Reprogramming.

Cochlear hair cells are the sensory cells responsible for transduction of acoustic signals. In mammals, damaged hair cells do not regenerate, resulting in permanent hearing loss. Reprogramming of the surrounding supporting cells to functional hair cells represent a novel strategy to hearing restoration. However, cellular processes governing the efficient and functional hair cell reprogramming are not completely understood. Employing the mouse cochlear organoid system, detailed metabolomic characterizations of the expanding and differentiating organoids are performed. It is found that hair cell differentiation is associated with increased mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity and reactive oxidative species generation. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses indicate reduced expression of oxidoreductases and tricyclic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. The metabolic decoupling between ETC and TCA cycle limits the availability of the key metabolic cofactors, α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Reduced expression of NAD+ in cochlear supporting cells by PGC1α deficiency further impairs hair cell reprogramming, while supplementation of α-KG and NAD+ promotes hair cell reprogramming both in vitro and in vivo. These findings reveal metabolic rewiring as a central cellular process during hair cell differentiation, and highlight the insufficiency of key metabolites as a metabolic barrier for efficient hair cell reprogramming.

Cellulose formulations for hair modelling

Chemical processes to change the hair shape can lead to damaged hair fibre. Here, we propose benign formulations based on different types of cellulose using imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) and a commercial serum as solvents. Formulations with concentrations at 3% and 0.5% of HEC (Hydroxyethyl cellulose) and CMC (Carboxymethylcellulose) showed the best results after washing, around 10% of curling effect. Images from fluorescence microscopy enable to observe the coating layer formed on the surface of the hair fiber. ATR-FTIR corroborate the presence of functional groups of cellulose on the coated hair fiber. SEM images revealed that the treated hair fiber preserved it structural integrity, especially for the 3% CMC formulation. Those formulations also presented good mechanical wear determined by mass loss percentage. The novelty of this work is the methodology established associated with the cellulose formulation for hair modelling up to three washes.Graphical

Effects of Silk Amino Acids on Hair

Purpose: To investigate how silk amino acids affect the hair by applying them to bleached hair.Methods: A silk amino acid formulation was prepared by adding 0, 3, 6, and 9 g of silk amino acid content. The prepared formulation was applied to bleached hair. To determine the change in hair brightness, the L* value was measured using a colorimeter. Additionally, the hair’s tensile strength, absorbance using methylene blue, and gloss were measured to determine whether amino acids affect bleached hair. Then we performed a comparison of data between the sample hair with the formulation agent containing silk amino acid and damaged hair.Results: Regarding brightness, the L* value for each sample increased as compared with that of damaged hair. Additionally, the brightness increased as the silk amino acid content increased. Moreover, the tensile strength of all samples with perm-base and silk amino acid added increased as compared with the damaged hair. The tensile strength also increased as the silk amino acid content increased. The absorbance of all samples with perm-base and silk amino acid added decreased as compared with that of damaged hair, and as the silk amino acid content increased, the absorbance also decreased. Regarding gloss, the gloss of the samples with perm-base decreased as compared with that of damaged hair. However, as the silk amino acid content increased, the gloss also increased.Conclusion: There were differences in brightness, absorbance, and gloss between damaged hair and bleached hair with silk amino acid, suggesting that silk amino acids have an effect on damaged hair. In the future, studies investigating on whether various natural ingredients affect damaged hair are warranted.

Formulation and Evaluation of Shampoo Powder

Available shampoo that is marketed as synthetic has artificial components that harm the skin, irritate the scalp, and damage hair follicles. Customers now pick herbal goods over synthetic ones because they are aware of the harmful impact that synthetic products can have on their skin, hair, and eyes. Herbal products are less likely to cause side effects than synthetic ones. Herbal shampoos are made with herbs and are part of the cosmetic preparation line. They are intended to remove excess oil, grime, and dandruff from the scalp and hair. The primary goal of this study is to create and assess a polyherbal shampoo with ingredients derived from natural sources. Hibiscus flowers (Hibiscus rosea), Neem leaves (Azadirachtaindica), Shikakai fruit (Acacia concinna), Amla (Emblicaofficinalis), Reetha (Sapindusmukorossi),) are among the herbs used in the shampoo preparation process

Effects of ultraviolet rays and particulate matter on hair porosity in damaged hair.

With growing interest in hair health, researchers are exploring aspects beyond the surface qualities of hair, such as its porous inner structure. While previous studies have focused on the effects of treatments such as perming and hair dying on hair porosity, less emphasis has been paid to the effects of harmful environmental factors such as ultraviolet (UV) rays and particulate matter on the porous nature of hair. The aim of this study was to bridge this gap by investigating how UV rays and particulate matter affect hair porosity in different ways. Our study could help elucidate how these external factors influence hair health and shed light on previously unknown aspects of hair porosity. Hair tresses were bleached, cut into 1 cm-long sections, and stained with methylene blue. The sections were then irradiated with UV light or exposed to particulate matter. Bleached hair absorbed more methylene blue than normal hair. UV radiation-induced hair porosity occurred at 3 h after irradiation and increased with time. Particulate matter alone did not affect the porosity of the damaged hair; however, in combination with UV irradiation, it substantially increased hair porosity. Environmental challenges such as a depleted ozone layer and increasing pollution may increase hair porosity, which can be prevented by maintaining healthy hair.

The Role of Vitamin A on the Histology of Skin of Adult Rats After Eposure to UVB

Background: long-term eposure of skin to sun (UV light) may produce different dermatological changes. The aim of this eperiment is to eplore the protective effects of oral vitamin A on skin subjected to UVB. Methods: twenty rats were separated into: group 1 (without UVB eposure), group 2 (eposed to single daily increasing dose of UVB for one week), group 3 (eposed to UVB with oral daily administration of vit A 10000 IU for one week), group 4 (received vit A for one week). The daily doses of UVB were respectively 0.24, 0.36, 0.48, 0.6, 0.72, 0.84 and 0.96 J/cm2. Skin samples were stained with hematoylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome stains, in addition to Melan-A stain for melanocytes. Results: histopathological results in skin of group 2 demonstrated loss of normal architecture with increase in thickness of epidermis, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis, moreover, skin sections detected increased number of inflammatory cells with damaged hair follicles. The basal layer shows an increase in mitotic division and necrosis, besides, epidermal edema and vascular congestion. Furthermore, collagen fibers were degraded. Immunohistochemical reaction revealed intense positive epression of Melan-A with increased proliferation and activity of melanocytes, while sections of groups 1 and 4 show normal healthy skin and negative Melan-A epression. In contrast, skin of group 3 reveals mild hyperkeratosis with normal keratin layer, in addition, the infiltration of inflammatory cells was dropped and hair follicles were preserved. Collagen bundles were slightly degraded with normal arrangement. Immunohistochemical results of this group show mild positive epression of Melan A. Conclusion: oral administration of vitamin A decreases the toic effect of UVB radiation on skin and reduces its induced pigmentation.

Safety of using laser for hair removal in patients with skin diseases: a retrospective study

ABSTRACT Laser hair removal is a commonly used method in dermatology which is based on selective thermolysis and utilizes the appropriate wavelength, pulse width, and energy density to damage hair follicles. Given the prevalence of skin diseases such as psoriasis, dermatitis, and vitiligo, and the increasing popularity of laser hair removal, the aim of this study was to investigate the safety of laser hair removal in individuals with skin diseases. This retrospective study was conducted at the laser department of Razi Hospital on 99 patients who underwent laser hair removal. The exacerbation of disease after laser therapy was significantly associated with active skin disease (p = .021) and laser treatment at the site of the disease (p < .001). The incidence of Koebner phenomenon was significantly associated with age (p = .017) and the number of sessions with the ND-YAG device (p = .034). It is crucial to exercise caution when performing laser treatment on individuals with active skin disease and to avoid treating the affected area were possible. If necessary, it is recommended to delay laser treatment until the disease is under control for patients with active skin disease or those who wish to receive laser treatment at the site of the disease.