Dakahlia Province Research Articles

Prevalence, virulence genes, and antibiogram profile of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from diseased Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus in Dakahlia province, Egypt

Prevalence, virulence genes, and antibiogram profile of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from diseased Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus in Dakahlia province, Egypt

CARCASSES AND OFFAL CONDEMNATION AT KOM-ELNOUR ABATTOIR IN DAKAHLIA PROVINCE, EGYPT: MAJOR CAUSES AND ECONOMIC LOSS

An abattoir survey was conducted from October 2020 to September 2021 to identify the primary reasons for offal and carcass condemnation of slaughtered animals in Dakahlia province, Egypt, as well as to estimate their economic loss. During the survey, 643 animals (441 cattle, 178 buffalos, 19 camels, 4 sheep, and one goat) were submitted for antemortem and postmortem inspection. The results of both inspections were collected, analyzed, and the total economic loss was estimated by adding the condemnation of offal and carcasses over a twelve-month period. Retail prices for offal (liver, lung, heart, and tongue) and carcass prices per kg were obtained from local markets. Out of 643 animals slaughtered, 2 (0.31%) were totally condemned. In addition, postmortem inspection revealed that 217 (33.74%) livers, 158 (24.57%) lungs, 5 (0.78%) hearts, 14 (2.18%) heads, and 11(1.71%) tongues were condemned. Offal were condemned mainly due to pneumonia, fascioliasis, telangiectiasis, necrosis, and hydatidosis, whereas carcasses were rejected due to generalized tuberculosis. According to this study, the financial loss at the abattoir owing to carcass and organ condemnations was 244066 Egyptian Pounds over a twelve-month period (15746 USD). The incidence of meat rejection and subsequent financial loss was high compared to the amount of local revenue. The current study concluded that bacterial and parasitic diseases are still prevalent and cause significant economic damage in Dakahlia province, Egypt. This abattoir survey offered regional information on the principal reasons for carcass and organ condemnation in slaughtered animals, as well as an estimate of the direct economic consequences. Furthermore, the findings of the current work underlined the importance of developing an efficient monitoring system for meat condemnation and enforcing animal health strategies in Egypt.

Serological Investigation and Epidemiological Analysis of Bovine Leptospirosis in Egypt.

Bovine leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution. Little information is available regarding the occurrence of the disease in the Nile Delta provinces, Egypt. The present study investigated the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among cattle from Dakahlia province, Northern Egypt, and identified the individual variables factors associated with infection. To this end, a total of 600 serum samples from cattle of small stakeholders with various clinical manifestations possibly associated with leptospirosis were collected from different localities across Dakahlia province, Egypt. Sera were examined serologically via ELISA to investigate the occurrence of the disease among animals. Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to determine the association between hypothesized risk factors and the disease. Interestingly, our findings showed that 39.33% of the examined sera were positive for Leptospira antibodies, with significant differences among different localities. In addition, statistical analysis showed significant differences among age groups. Notably, the highest prevalence rate (22%) was observed in those aged between 3 and 5 years (p < 0.0001), whereas the lowest prevalence (2.66%) was reported in cattle <1 year old (p < 0.0001). Moreover, females had a significantly higher prevalence rate (35.33%) than males (4%) (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, our results showed significant differences in the occurrence of infection and reported clinical signs (p < 0.0001). Multivariable logistic regression identified repeated breeder and drop milk yield as the best predictors for prediction of ELISA results and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model showed that overall classification accuracy of ELISA result using clinical signs and demographic data as predictors was 70.7%. The current study concluded a relative high prevalence of leptospirosis among cows bred in movable herds and households in the studied area and that age, repeated breeder and drop milk yield can be considered major risk factors associated with infection.

Additional Chelated Iron and Organic Amendment Influence on Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet under Various Plant Populations

A field experiment was executed at Kalabsho, Dakahlia Province, Egypt in a sandy loam soil, during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons, to study the influence of humic acid levels (without, 7.5 and 15 l/fed) and chelated iron levels (without, 0.5 and 1.0 g/l) on sugar beet grown under three hill spaces (15, 20 and 25 cm). A split-split plot design was used. The results cleared that increasing hill spaces from 15 and/or 20 cm to 25 cm had a substantial increase in leaf area index in both seasons, and sugar lost to molasses (SLM) in the 1st one, whereas, extractable sugar%, quality index, sugar and root yields/fed were markedly reduced, in both seasons. Raising humic acid level from 7.5 to 15 l/fed had an appreciable increment in net assimilation rate (NAR),extractable sugar%, sucrose%, root and sugar yields/fed, in both seasons, and quality index in the 1st one, meanwhile, SLM was not affected. The maximum values and statistical increases were detected in root dimensions, photosynthetic pigments, NAR, sucrose%, extractable sugar%, quality index, sugar and root yields/fed, and low impurities content and SLM, when chelated iron concentration was raised to 1.0 g/l. Effects of the significant interactions among the studied factors on the recorded traits were discussed. Under the present work conditions, sowing sugar beet on 15cm and/or 20cm between hills, soil drench with humic acid at 15 l/fed and spraying foliage with 1.0 g Fe-EDDHA/l, can be recommended to get the highest root and sugar yields/fed and the best quality traits.

Evaluation of antimicrobial effect of Acacia nilotica plant extract and selected commercial disinfectants against some pathogens causing mastitis

Objective: This study was conducted to screen the antibacterial activity of Acacia nilotica plant extract and four disinfectants(TH4, Tek-trol, Virkon S and peracetic acid)against pathogens causing mastitis (E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae). Design: Descriptive study Animals: Three hundred eighty-two dairy cows Procedures: Three thousands and seventy seven samples were collected from three dairy farms at Dakahlia province. Samples include animal samples (1528 of both quarter milk and teat skin swabs) and 221 environmental samples include 60 bedding, 60 Milk linear, 36 feed, 36 water, 11 bulk tank milk and 18 workers' hand swabs. All samples were examined bacteriologically for isolation and identification of mastitis causing pathogens (S. aureus, E. coli and St. agalactiae). Furtherly, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) tests were used to investigate the antimicrobial activities of selected disinfectants and Acacia nilotica extract toward isolated strains. Results: TH4 and aqueous Acacia nilotica extract were effective against S. aureus and St. agalactiae, with MIC values as low as 3.13 μg/ml of the original concentrations. Meanwhile, the antimicrobial actions of Tek-trol and Acacia nilotica extract toward E. coli isolates only reached 12.5 μg/ml. The in-vitro bactericidal effect showed that, MBC values of Acacia nilotica plant extract achieved the highest inhibitory concentration up to 25 μg/ml among the tested disinfectants. Conclusion and clinical relevance: In conclusion, Acacia nilotica plant extract have antibacterial activity comparable to commercialdisinfectants for the control of mastitogenic pathogens in dairy farms, providing a promising tool for mastitis control in dairy farms.

Sustainable Development for The North Plain Desert Coast of Dakahlia Province.(Dept.A)

Sustainable Development for The North Plain Desert Coast of Dakahlia Province.(Dept.A)

( The Comprehensive Urban Development Of Egypt in The 21 ST Century) (Development of The Informal Housing Areas In The Egyptian Cities) (The Case of The Informal Housing Areas In AlMansoura City in Dakahlia Provinc)(Dept.A)

The Egyptian cities suffer from the spread of the informal housing area. These areas established in the Absence of Jaws of urban planning and protection of agriculture lands. And these areas may embellished as a part Of a city or in the margins of it inside the agriculture lands. And because these areas lack to correct planning, therefore, they suffer the shortage of infrastructure, services, environmental pollution, and also decreasing the social, economic, and environmental' life standards. This paper discusses the case of the informal housing areas in Almansoura city in Dakahlia province. and proposes solutions for developing them. This proposed solutions may contribute in the development of other Informal housing areas in the Egyptian cities.

(The Comprehensive Urban Development of Egypt in The 21stCentury)(The Role of Urban Planing in Treatment of Noise Pollution in The Egyptian Cities )(Applied Study on AlMansoura City in Dakahlia Province)(Dept.A)

This paper addresses the problem of noise pollution in the Egyptian city. as One of the dangerous environmental pollution sources. which produced by the rapid urbanization and effects negatively on individual and society. The research discusses noise sources and its allowed levels in the different sites and the urban planning tools which can help in overcoming this problem. The research runs an applied study on Almansoura City in Dakahlia Province 10 addresses the noise problem in the city and proposes solutions for treatment it. The research ended with group of important recommendations that can help in reducing noise levels in the Egyptian city as general and in the study area as special.

The Comprehensive Urban Development of Egypt in The The 21st Century Development of The Urban (Towards A Strategy for Communities in Egypt) (The Case of Al-Mansoura City in Dakahlia Province)(Dept.A)

The urban communities in Egypt suffer from a 1 of problems which affect negatively the social, economic, environmental quality of people life in these communities. The most important problems arc: the continous and increased need (or housing in the lime that slum areas increased, poverty and increased unemployment due to the shortage of job opportunities as a result of weakness of the economic base of these communities. the shortage of infrastructure and services, and environmental pollution produced from the increase quantities of waste.The strategic approach to develop the urban communities in Egypt depends mainly on overcoming these main problems in order to improve the quality of people life specially the poor. This paper discusses developing the urban community in Almansoura city is a Case study, and proposes a strategy for developing it This proposed strategy may contribute as a guide for developing other urban communities in Egypt.

Molecular and histopathological characterization of Photobacterium damselae in naturally and experimentally infected Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Mass mortality has occurred among cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, on fish farms in Manzala, Dakahlia province, Egypt, in the summer season, 2019. Moribund fish were reported with deep ulcers, septicaemic lesions and sampled for bacterial isolation. In this study, most isolates were subjected to bacteriological examination, antibiotic sensitivity test, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and histopathological examination. Following isolate identification, intraperitoneal challenge of Nile tilapia with a bacterial suspension 2×106 CFU/ml was performed. Samples from liver, spleen and kidney were collected for histological and biochemical analysis. The results showed a high similarity (99%) to Photobacterium damselae strains using phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA. P. damselae exhibited resistance to amoxicillin and erythromycin, as well it was highly sensitive to chloramphenicol and doxycycline. Moreover, haemorrhage, oedema, hemosiderosis and melanomacrophage activation in the liver and head kidney of infected fish were detected by light and electron microscopy. Also, significant higher levels of CAT and SOD in the spleen and head kidney, as well as the serum levels of NO were observed in experimentally challenged O. niloticus, compared to the control fish. Our data identified P. damselae for the first time from infected Nile tilapia, describing its sensitivity to a variety of antibiotics, histopathological alterations and oxidative stress impact, and it could be useful indicators for understanding P. damselae pathogenesis, which might provide a preventive efficacy for P. damselae.

DETECTION OF SOME VIRULENCE GENES IN SALMONELLA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM DUCKS AND DUCK EGGS

Four hundred and fifty (450) samples were collected, 200 from internal organs (liver, caecum, gall bladder and spleen) of 50 ducks, 200 from internal organs of 50 ducklings and 50 unhatched duck eggs (dead in shell embryo) from different farms and hatcheries in Dakahlia Province. All samples were cultured on specific media for isolation and serological identification of Salmonellae spp. A total of 71 samples were positive to Salmonella with total percentage (15.8%). 29, 37 and 5 with (14.5%, 18.5% and 10%) positive samples were isolated from ducks, ducklings and duck eggs, respectively. Serotyping of the isolated Salmonellae from ducklings were five S.infantis, four S.kentucky, ten S.typhimurium, six S.newport, six S.enteritidis and six untypeable Salmonella with a percentage of (13.5%), (10.8%), (27 %), (16.2%), (16.2%) and (16.2%), respectively. Three S. derby, six S.typhimurium, five S.kentucky, three S. shubra, four S. enteritidis, three S.newport and five untypeable Salmonella were isolated from ducks with a percentage of (10.3%), (20.7%), (17.2%), (10.3%), (13.8%), (10.3%) and (17.2%), respectively. On the other hand only one of each S.typhimurium, S.enteritidis, S. newport, S. infantisand untypeable Salmonella were isolated from duck eggs with a percentage of (20%) for each one of these isolates. S.typhimuriumwas the most prevalence isolates and showed high resistance to streptomycin (100%), lincomycin (88%), erythromycin (82%), oxytetracycline (76%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (70%). Moderate resistance to neomycin (59%), gentamycin (59%), amoxicillin (53%), ampicillin (53%) and chloramphenicol (47%) we reported. Meanwhile, the lowest resistances were against doxycycline (41%), flumequine (35%), norfloxacin (18%), ciprofloxxacin (6%) and colistin (6%). Conventional PCR assay detected virulence genes (invA, mgtC, sop B and bcfC) using specific primer for each gene in all examined S.typhimurium samples. This study highlights that, there was significant association between invA, mgtC, sop B and bcfC virulence genes and pathogenicity of S.typhimurium which showed high multiple antibiotic resistance which require strict regulations of the use of antibiotics in duck farms to minimize the resistant bacterial strains.

فعالية استخدام الفصل المعکوس فى تنمية مهارات التفکير فى مادة العلوم لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية

هدف البحث الحإلى إلى دراسة فعالية استخدام الفصل المعکوس فى تنمية مهارات التفکير فى مادة العلوم لدى تلاميذ المرحلة الابتدائية، وتم استخدام المنهج التجريبى ذو التصميم شبه التجريبى، وقد أعد الباحث دليل المعلم وکراسة نشاط التلميذ وفقا لنموذج الفصل المعکوس لتدريس وحدتى الاحتکاک والجهاز الدورى والجهاز الاخراجى من مقرر العلوم للصف الخامس الابتدائى باستخدام الفصل المعکوس، کما أعد الباحث اختبار تحصيلى، واختبار مهارات التفکير، وتم تطبيق البحث فى الفصل الدراسى الثانى من العام 2018 /2019. وتکونت عينة البحث من (100) تلميذ وتلميذه، مقسمة إلى مجموعتين الأولى تجريبية وعددها(50) تلميذا وتلميذه من مدرسة الامام محمد متولى الشعراوى الابتدائية التابعة لإدارة غرب المنصورة محافظة الدقهلية ودرست وحدتى التجريب باستخدام الفصل المعکوس، والمجموعة الثانية ضابطة وعددها (50) تلميذا وتلميذه من نفس المدرسة ودرست وحدتى التجريب بالطريقة التقليدية، وتم تطبيق اختبار مهارات التفکير على المجموعتين قبل وبعد التدريس، وتوصل البحث إلى: وجود فرق ذو دلالة احصائية بين متوسطى درجات تلاميذ المجموعة التجريبية والمجموعة الضابطة فى التطبيق البعدى لاختبار مهارات التفکير لصالح المجموعة التجريبية. The Effectiveness of using flipped classroom in developing Thinking Skills in Science for primary School Pupils Abstract The aim of the current research is to study the effectiveness of using flipped classroom in developing thinking skills in the science of primary school students, and the experimental method was used with semi-experimental design. The researcher prepared the teacher's guide and the student activity booklet to teach the friction units and The circulatory system and the excretory system Science for the fifth grade primary using flipped classroom, the researcher also prepared achievement test , and a test of thinking skills, and applied research in the second semester of 2018 2019. The study sample consisted of 100 students, divided into two groups, the first being 50 students of fifth grade student from the Imam Muhammad Metwally Al Shaarawy Primary School in Department of West Mansoura Dakahlia province ,they studied the two units of experimentation using flipped classroom,and the second group was a control group of 50 students from the same school. They studied the two experimental units in the traditional way. The achievement test and the test of thinking skills were applied to both groups before and after teaching. The current search reached several results:There are significant differences between the average scores of students in the experimental group and the control group in the post application to test thinking skills for the experimental group.

Detection of Leptospira in cattle and dogs in Dakahlia Governorate

This study was done to investigate the infection rates of leptospirosis in different Veterinary Clinics in Dakahlia Province during the period from September 2016 to December 2017, The study was applied on a total of 115 urine samples, collected from suspected cattle (97) and their in-contact dogs (18), which suffered from different clinical signs of leptospirosis. The collected samples were examined for Leptospira spp. by different methods as Dark Field Microscopy (DFM) and staining by Silver Impregnation Method “Fontana Method. The results of DFM showed that, 28 out of 97 (28.9%) cattle urine samples were positive, and eight out of 18 (44.4%) dogs' urine samples were positive. Additionally, the results of Fontana Method revealed that, 44 out of 97 (45.4%) cattle urine samples were positive, and 13 out of 18 (72.2%) dogs' urine samples were positive. To confirm these results, conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting (23S rDNA) gene of Leptospira, was done on 6 urine samples, included 3 cattle urine samples and 3 dogs' urine samples (one sample was positive, and two samples were negative in each species). PCR result confirmed the DFM and Fontana method results. In addition, a treatment trial for three groups of cattle infected with leptospirosis was performed by Dihydrostreptomycin, Oxytetracycline and Amoxicillin, respectively for 3 days. This study showed higher prevalence of leptospirosis in Dakahlia by DFM and Fontana methods. Moreover, Dihydrostreptomycin, Oxytetracycline and Amoxicillin have been successfully affecting on leptospirosis.

Factors Affecting Mastitis Incidence and Its Economic Losses Under Egyptian Conditions

This study was carried-out to throw the light on the main factors affecting the dairy farms economic and productive efficiency and how the improvement of such factors increases the farms efficiency under Egyptian conditions. Data of clinically mastitic 78 Holstein dairy cows in 3 private dairy farms in Dakahlia province in north delta of Egypt used in this study. Reproductive, productive and economic data were obtained from accurate records. Cows under study were classified according to production into high and low producing, according to parity into first lactation (primiparous) and second or higher lactation (multiparous) and season of calving is classified to winter, summer, spring and autumn by 3-months interval. The study revealed that, the clinical mastitis incidence as well as the dairy farms productive, reproductive and economic efficiency significantly affected by cow production, parity and season of production. Also, concluded that, mastitis reduces the dairy farms productive and economic efficiency due to the reduction of milk yield, milk returns and increasing of treatment costs.

STATISTICAL MODEL FOR STUDYING THE EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION ON PRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY OF CHICKEN FARMS

This study was carried out through field survey of 209 chicken farms records of 10 broiler farms and 25 layer farms in different regions of Dakahlia province and Damietta province during the period extended from 2008-2018 . (110) cycles of broiler farms and the other 99 cycles were from layer farms. Records included broiler breeds as Ross, Cobb, Hubbard, Arbor Acres, Sasso and Shaver. Several layer breeds were used in the study as Lohman, Bovans and Fayumi. Data were collected, arranged, Summarized and then statistically analyzed using the computer program SPSS/PC+ ”Version 20”. This study was conducted to study the effect of air pollution on productive efficiency of broiler and layer farms. Regression analysis methods as stepwise , poisson and linear correlation were used to study the effect of chemical air pollution with ammonia and carbon dioxide on total production (total meat production / kg in broiler chicken and total egg production in layer chicken). The results showed that air pollution affect significantly (P < 0.05) on the total number of egg production by decreasing it about 19.7%. Meanwhile, air pollution had significant (P < 0.05) and negative correlation on total meat production.

ENTEROTOXIGENIC STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN RAW AND PASTEURIZED MILK AND SOME MILK PRODUCTS

This study was carried out on 250 samples of milk and milk products (50 samples each of raw milk, pasteurized milk, soft white cheese, butter and ice cream). The samples were collected from different shops at Mansoura city, El Dakahlia Province, Egypt and bacteriologically analyzed to detect the prevalence of Staph. aureus and its enterotoxins using PCR and SET-RPLA kits. The results revealed that the incidence of Staph. aureus were 36, 4, 24, 8 and 4% with mean counts of 3.8±1.4, 1.78± 0.48, 3.4±1.25, 2.39±0.95 and 2.14±0.78 log10cfu/g or ml respectively. The examined positive Staph. aureus by PCR and SET-RPLA kits showed presence of the following enterotoxigenic genes in the examined raw market milk; white soft cheese and table butter samples (sea, seb and see); (sea, sed and see) and (sea and seb) respectively. Meanwhile, the enterotoxigenic genes could not be detected in the examined pasteurized milk and small scale ice cream samples thus, it is necessary to adopt a regime of good, safe and healthy production of such products with periodical cleaning and disinfection to ensure safe products for consumer.

Family Variation of Aquatic Insects and Water Properties to Assess Freshwater Quality in El-Mansouriya Stream, Egypt

The use of family variation of aquatic insects in assessing freshwater quality in ecosystems has only recently been applied in the northern parts of Africa. The current study along with El Husseiny et al. (2015) and Bream et al. (2017) can be considered the first of such studies in Egypt. The survey was conducted during the period April 2015 to February 2016, in the permanent stream, El-Mansouriya, in Dakahlia province, Egypt. The water quality and health status of water for human use of this stream was determined using different aquatic invertebrate family biotic indices formulations (BMWP, SWRC and EPT indexes) along with the physical and chemical properties. Water samples were analysed and the water quality parameters were compared to the WHO (2004) standards. Most of the parameters were found to be within permissible limits, except for turbidity and nutrient salts. Aquatic insects were collected and identified to order and family levels. A total of seven orders and 19 families were collected, including a few intolerant insects (EPT orders) and insects more tolerant to pollution (chironomid larvae). The values of the water quality parameters sampled showed significant correlations with aquatic insect diversity. The canonical correspondence analysis clarified that the electrical conductivity of the water was the most significant variable affecting the variation in taxa. From these results it can be seen that the water quality of this stream is moderately impacted, and could therefore be considered harmful, since this stream is the main supply to the Water Central Station in Aga. Water quality degradation is generally due to impacts associated with population growth, industrialisation and agricultural activities. These results can be used to assist in conservation planning and decision-making in Egypt.

Zoonotic and Molecular Aspects of Listeria Species Isolated From Some Farm Animals at Dakahlia Province in Egypt.

This study was performed in Dakahlia province, Egypt to investigate zoonotic and molecular aspects of Listeria species recovered from some farm animals and human. For this purpose, a total of 272 samples were collected from animals (146), milk (60) and man (66). Of which 146 fecal samples were collected from cattle (95), buffaloes (25), sheep (16) and goats (10). Meantime, 60 milk samples were taken from cattle (27), buffaloes (3) and sheep (30). Regarding human, 66 samples were included 54 stool samples from 30 adult, 9 previously aborted women and 15 preterm. Moreover, 12 vaginal swabs were collected from aborted women from patients admitted to Mansoura University hospitals and some private clinical laboratories. The results revealed that the occurrence of Listeria species was 17.1% in animal feces, 16.6% in milk samples. While, in human samples, it was 15.1%. Sheep feces showed higher occurrence (43.7%), buffalo’s milk was highest contamination rate (33.3%). The frequency distribution of Listeria species in stool of women, preterm, adults and vaginal swabs were 11.1%, 6.6%, 20.0% and 16.6%, respectively. Different Listeria species have been identified from animals, milk and humans, L. monocytogenes was the most identified strains (44.4%). Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m. PCR) was used to detect the virulence genes (iap, hylA and actA) of 12 biochemically identified L. monocytogenes strains recovered from different sources using specific primers. The molecular characterization proved that m. PCR successfully amplified iap, hylA and actA virulence genes at specific base pair 131, 456 and 839 respectively. In conclusion, Listeria species were detected in the examined farm animals, its milk and humans, reflecting the zoonotic impact of such animals and its milk, moreover, same genotypes prevalent in farm animals, milk and humans suggesting that genotypes are transmissible between farm animals and man in the examined area, Egypt.

Parasitological and Pathological studies on Tissue parasites among slaughtered animals in Dakahlia province, Egypt

The present study was carried on 939 carcasses of slaughtered animals at Mansoura abattoir (387 cattle, 205 buffaloes and 347 sheep), of various ages, sex and breeds in order to investigate the incidence of grossly visible tissue parasites. Macroscopic Sarcocystis spp. cysts were recorded in 26.82% of examined buffalo carcasses. Hydatid cysts were recovered at overall incidence rate of 2.02%, where buffaloes showed higher infection (2.43%) than cattle (1.80%). Cysticercus bovis cysts were only recovered from heart of two cattle (0.51%), while no infection was detected in buffalo carcasses. Cysticercus tenuicollis cysts were found in cattle (0.25%). In sheep,Cysticercus tenuicollis cysts were recorded at high rate of 21.03% and Cysticercus ovis cysts were detected in 5.47% of examined sheep carcasses. The seasonal dynamics and anatomical distribution of the detected parasites were studied. Moreover, these parasites caused variable range of tissue lesions, from non-significant pathology as in macroscopic sarcocystosis to those caused extensive damage resulting in infiltrative, degenerative changes, necrosis and granuloma formation.

PREVALENCE OF VIRULENCE GENES OF SOME FOODBORNE BACTERIA IN CHICKEN MEAT PRODUCTS

This Study was carried out on 200 random samples of chicken meat products represented by chicken luncheon, chicken burger, chicken sausage and chicken shawerma (50 of each). Samples were randomly collected from different supermarkets and retailers of different sanitation levels at Mansoura city, El Dakahlia Province, Egypt and bacteriologically analyzed to assess the prevalence of Staph. aureus, E. coli and S. spp . and their enterotoxigenic virulence genes using PCR in some chicken meat products intended for direct consumption. The obtained results revealed that the prevalence of Staph. aureus in examined chicken luncheon, chicken burger, chicken sausage and chicken shawerma were 6%, 2%, 2% and 2%., respectively. While E. coli were 2%, 4%, 0% and 2% in examined samples respectively and S. spp. was isolated by 2% from shawerma only. The isolated S. typhimurium harbor invA and stn genes. The isolated E. coli showed presence of shiga toxin genes (stx1 and stx2). The examined coagulase positive Staph. aureus showed the presence of different enterotoxin genes sea, seb, sec, sed and see. Thus it is necessary to adopt a regime of good, safe and healthy production of such chicken meat products with cleaning and disinfection and hygienic packaging in order to ensure safe products for consumers.