Daily Supplementation Of Vitamin Research Articles

High-dose oral vitamin D supplementation for prevention ofinfections in children aged 0 to 59 months: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Vitamin D plays an important role in immune function, and the deficiency thereof has been associated with several infections, most notably respiratory tract infections. However, data from intervention studies investigating the effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on infections have been inconclusive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of evidence regarding the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation above the standard dose (400 IU) in preventing infections in apparently healthy children < 5 years of age. PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and MEDLINE electronic databases were searched between August 2022 and November 2022. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses of outcomes in more than one study were performed using Review Manager software. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic. Randomized controlled trials in which vitamin D was supplemented at > 400 IU compared with placebo, no treatment, or standard dose were included. Seven trials that enrolled a total of 5748 children were included. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95%CIs were calculated using random- and fixed-effects models. There was no significant effect of high-dose vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (OR, 0.83; 95%CI, 0.62-1.10). There was a 57% (95%CI, 0.30-0.61), 56% (95%CI, 0.27-0.07), and 59% (95%CI, 0.26-0.65) reduction in the odds of influenza/cold, cough, and fever incidence, respectively, with daily supplementation of vitamin D > 1000 IU. No effect was found on bronchitis, otitis media, diarrhea/gastroenteritis, primary care visits for infections, hospitalizations, or mortality. High-dose vitamin D supplementation provided no benefit in preventing upper respiratory tract infections (moderate certainty of evidence) but reduced the incidence influenza/cold (moderate certainty of evidence), cough, and fever (low certainty of evidence). These findings are based on a limited number of trials and should be interpreted with caution. Further research is needed. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022355206.

Comparison of University Students' Basal Metabolic Rate Levels, Daily Water Consumption and Vitamin Supplementation Use, and Attitudes Towards Healthy Eating

Bu araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerinin sağlıklı beslenmeye yönelik tutumları cinsiyet, bazal metabolik hız düzeyleri, günlük su tüketim miktarları ve vitamin desteği alma durumları açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya 2022-2023 eğitim ve öğretim yılı içerisinde Iğdır Üniversitesi bünyesinde yer alan fakülte ve yüksekokullarda öğrenim gören 201 erkek ve 99 kadın olmak üzere toplam 300 öğrenci katılmıştır. Veriler “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, ve “Sağlıklı Beslenmeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği (SBİTÖ) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda elde edilen veriler normal dağılım göstermediği için non-parametrik testlerden yararlanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin bazal metabolik hızlarının belirlenmesinde “Yoncalık BMH Denklemi” kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak erkek öğrenciler ile kadın öğrenciler arasında “Beslenme Hakkında Bilgi” ve “Olumlu Beslenme” alt boyutlarında erkekler lehine istatistiki fark olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p&amp;lt;0.05). Bazal metabolik hız düzeyinin öğrencilerin beslenmeye yönelik tutumlarını etkilemediği, günlük su tüketiminin ve vitamin desteği alma durumunun ise beslenmeye yönelik tutumu etkilediği söylenebilir (p&amp;lt;0.05). Bu bilgiler doğrultusunda öğrenciler için sağlıklı beslenme, besin öğeleri ve bazal metabolizma hızı hakkında eğitimler, programlar ve etkinlikler düzenlenebilir.

Vitamin D Supplementation and Clinical Outcomes in Severe COVID-19 Patients-Randomized Controlled Trial.

COVID-19 symptoms vary from asymptomatic cases to moderate and severe illness with patients needing hospitalization and intensive care treatment. Vitamin D is associated with severity of viral infections and has an immune-modulatory effect in immune response. Observational studies showed a negative association of low vitamin D levels and COVID-19 severity and mortality outcomes. In this study, we aimed to determine whether daily supplementation of vitamin D during intensive care unit (ICU) stay in COVID-19 patients with severe illness affects clinically relevant outcomes. Patients with COVID-19 disease in need of respiratory support admitted to the ICU were eligible for inclusion. Patients with low vitamin D levels were randomized into one of two groups: the intervention group received daily supplementation of vitamin D and the control group did not receive vitamin D supplementation. In total, 155 patients were randomized: 78 into the intervention group and 77 into the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in number of days spent on respiratory support, although the trial was underpowered for the main outcome. There was no difference in any of the secondary outcomes analyzed between two groups. Our study suggests no benefit in vitamin D supplementation to patients with severe COVID-19 disease admitted to the ICU and in need of respiratory support in any of the analyzed outcomes.

Role, importance and assessment of dietary habits in urolithiasis patient.

Urolithiasis, which prevalence is increasing, poses a risk for chronic kidney disease in patients. Dietary habits play a significant role in stone formation, growth and recurrence. Also, comorbidities and lifestyle changes are among the factors affecting stone formation. The next step should be to detect metabolic disorders, if any, with analyzes to be made after a detailed anamnesis, and to arrange the necessary treatment. Insufficient fluid intake is considered to be the main dietary risk factor for urolithiasis. A daily fluid intake of 2.5-3.0 L/day or diuresis of 2.0-2.5 L/day is recommended to prevent recurrence of kidney stones. Not all beverages are beneficial, and some may even increase the risk of stone formation. Dietary management, vitamins and supplements, physical activity are important components in reducing the risk of recurrent urolithiasis. A detailed dietary assessment is recommended as dietary habits affect the faith of the disease. In this review we evaluated the dietary approach of urolithiasis patients with and without comorbidities, the recommended daily fluid intake, vitamin supplementation, and relation of the urolithiasis with physical activity.

Low-incomeFilipino mothers’ cultural perceptions of healthy mothers and children do not align with standard nutritional recommendations

: The study explored cultural concepts of maternal and child health among low-income Filipino mothers, to serve as basis for planning health and nutrition education programs that will achieve behavior change. The objectives were to a) Characterize the following concepts from the point of view of mothers: qualities of a strong healthy mother; qualities of a strong healthy child; and proper nutrition practices to raise strong healthy children; b) Identify concepts that are consistent with good nutrition practices vs. concepts that need to be explained and clarified or corrected, to serve as input for nutrition education programs. : In-depth interviews were conducted among 26 mothers aged 20 to 35 years with children aged 3 to 12 years. Respondents were asked the following questions: a) What do you think are the qualities of a strong healthy child/mom? b) Complete the following sentence: A strong healthy child /mom is ______; c) In your opinion, what nutrition practices are important to have a strong healthy child during this pandemic? : Thematic analysis revealed most mothers believed 1) a strong healthy mother is one who is mentally strong and resilient in the face of problems; 2) a strong healthy child is one who is physically engaged and interacts actively with his/her surroundings; 3) while a healthy diet is important, the best nutrition practice to promote child health is to provide daily vitamin and mineral supplements. Filipino mothers possess cultural health concepts that are not consistent with standard nutritional recommendations.

What is the impact of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) plus calcium on the incidence of hip fracture in older people? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Hip fractures have a huge impact in reducing the quality of life and increasing mortality. This review aims to assess the impact of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 plus calcium on the incidence of hip fracture in people over 65 years. PRISMA guidelines were followed and RCTs that evaluated the effectiveness of daily oral supplementation of vitamin D3 plus calcium in preventing hip fracture in adults over 65 years were included in the study. The databases such as Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from October 2019- January 2020.The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to check the quality of the included studies. A meta-analysis with fixed effect model using Review Manager (Revman 5.3) was used to analyse the data. The meta-analysis of seven RCTs on vitamin D3 plus calcium supplementation and hip fracture (n= 12,620) identified odds ratio (OR) of 0.75; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 0.64, 0.87; p= .0003. Daily oral supplementation of 800 IU of Vitamin D3 plus 1200 mg of calcium was found more effective (n= 5676 participants; OR=0.69; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.82; p < .0001) than daily oral supplementation of 800 IU of Vitamin D3 plus 1000 mg of calcium (n= 6555,OR=1.08; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.56; p= .70) in reducing hip fracture. A meta-analysis of the seven RCTs to identify the incidence of non-vertebral fracture gave the OR of 0.80; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.89; p< .0001. A meta-analysis of three RCTs on femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) (n= 483) gave a mean difference of 1.21; 95% CI: -0.79, 3.20; p= .24. Daily oral supplementation 800 IU of vitamin D3 plus 1200 mg of calcium reduces hip fracture and non-vertebral fracture in older people. Administering vitamin D3 and calcium supplements had no effect in increasing the femoral neck BMD. Even though it is evident from the review that optimal daily intake of vitamin D3 plus calcium supplementation help in the prevention of fracture, it is only one essential element in fracture prevention. Also, people who are on dietary supplements should be compliant with same for better result. Efforts to prevent bone loss and osteoporosis should begin from an early age. It includes maintaining a healthy lifestyle, optimal intake of calcium and vitamin D3, proper nutrition, adequate exposure to sunlight, exercise etc. Proper education on healthy lifestyle, avoiding risk factors like smoking, caffeine, alcohol and awareness of bone health should continue throughout life with emphasis during menopause when increased bone loss is expected.

Vitamin C Supplementation in Healthy Individuals Leads to Shifts of Bacterial Populations in the Gut-A Pilot Study.

Gut microbes are crucial to human health, but microbial composition is often disturbed in a number of human diseases. Accumulating evidence points to nutritional modulation of the gut microbiota as a potentially beneficial therapeutic strategy. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) may be of particular interest as it has known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated whether supplementation with high-dose vitamin C may favourably affect the composition of the gut microbiota. In this pilot study, healthy human participants received 1000 mg vitamin C supplementation daily for two weeks. Gut microbiota composition was analysed before and after intervention by performing faecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In total, 14 healthy participants were included. Daily supplementation of high-dose vitamin C led to an increase in the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae (p < 0.05), whereas decreases were observed for Bacteroidetes (p < 0.01), Enterococci (p < 0.01) and Gemmiger formicilis (p < 0.05). In addition, trends for bacterial shifts were observed for Blautia (increase) and Streptococcus thermophilus (decrease). High-dose vitamin C supplementation for two weeks shows microbiota-modulating effects in healthy individuals, with several beneficial shifts of bacterial populations. This may be relevant as these bacteria have anti-inflammatory properties and strongly associate with gut health.

Intrauterine growth retardation after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass — clinical presentation and literature review

Bariatric surgery is associated with a higher risk of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and small for gestational age neonates. We present two examples of IUGR after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, both associated with excessive restriction in patients caloric intake, one due to obstetrician's indications and the other resulting from patient's anxiety of weight gain in pregnancy. IUGR was observed accordingly in the 35th and 28th week of pregnancy. The first patient had an urgent cesarean section due to pathological cardiotocography tracings in the 35th week of pregnancy, with the newborn's weight of 1690 g (< 1st percentile). The second patient, admitted in the 28th week with suspected IUGR, had an elective cesarean section in the 36th week, with the newborn's weight of 2095 g (5th percentile). Although malabsorptive mechanisms are known to be involved in the impaired fetal growth after bariatric surgery, patients' and obstetricians' adherence to nutrition and supplementation regimen are of utmost importance. The problem of optimum daily caloric intake, vitamin and micronutrients supplementation in pregnancies after bariatric surgery is presently discussed in the literature. Optimum care and advice for bariatric patients have to be diversified as malabsorptive and restrictive operations lead to changes in metabolism, nutrition and hormonal balance.

Vitamin D deficiency prevalence among healthy term infants at the age of 4–6 months: A cross-sectional observational study from tertiary care hospital setting

Background: Role of Vitamin D has expanded from bone health to a myriad of physiological and pathological conditions in humans. Although guidelines recommend supplementation of Vitamin D in infants, evidence for healthy term infants at 4–6 months is limited in Indian settings. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency and its risk factor in healthy term infants at 4–6 months of age before initiation of complementary feeding. Materials and Methods: Four–six-month-old infants (n = 93) were enrolled. The healthy term infants &gt;37 weeks, birth weight &gt;2.5 kg with no diagnosed medical disorders in the mother or baby, and not on Vitamin D supplementation were included. Levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathormone, and Vitamin D were also assessed. Results: The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency (25OHD ? 20 ng/ml) and insufficiency (20–30 ng/ml) was 76.3% and 15.05%, respectively, with a mean (SD) 25(OH) D level of 13.42 ± 10.08 ng/ml and median level of 11.58 ng/ml. On multivariate analysis, rural children continued to have lower odds of severe Vitamin D deficiency (? 5 ng/ml) as compared to urban children (OR 0.18; 95% CI: 0.03–0.92) (P = 0.04). In addition, odds of severe Vitamin D deficiency (?5 ng/ml) increased significantly by 20% for everyone unit increase in socioeconomic score by Kuppuswamy (modified) (OR 1.20; 95% CI: 1.04–1.40, P = 0.01). Conclusions: High level of Vitamin D insufficiency in our study among apparently healthy infants with uncomplicated antenatal and neonatal period clearly supports current guidelines for daily supplementation of Vitamin D for infants and children for optimizing their Vitamin D levels and preventing complications.

Are nursing home residents on enteral feeding in north dublin receiving adequate vitamin d during the covid-19 pandemic?

Rationale: Vitamin D may be protective during the Covid-19 pandemic1 but levels in the Irish population are typically low2. Daily supplementation of 20μg Vitamin D is recommended3. Our aim was to assess if vitamin D content in enteral feeding regimens of nursing home residents were adequate.

Role of Vitamins in Skin Health: a Systematic Review.

Skin is the main defense organ of the human body against external insults (ultraviolet radiations, infections by pathogenic microorganisms, and mechanical and chemical stress). The integrity and functions of the skin barrier are supported by an adequate supply of micronutrients, such as several vitamins. The purpose of this review was to analyze all vitamin-related skin problems. The World Health Organization has estimated that more than 2 billion people worldwide experience deficiencies in the intake of essential vitamins and minerals; the percentage of adults all over the world using daily vitamin supplements, for treatment or prevention of chronic disease, has increased very rapidly in recent years. In this review, 65 studies have been selected in order to examine the role of the main vitamins and their derivatives involved in maintaining the well-being of the skin and their use as prophylactic and therapeutic agents in the management of skin disorders.

Effects of vitamin C supplementation with and without endurance physical activity on components of metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Summary Background & aims Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of the most dangerous heart attack risk factors. The present study aimed to examine the effects of vitamin C supplementation with and without endurance physical activity on components of metabolic syndrome in a group of Iraqi adults. Methods In a parallel-randomized placebo controlled trial, 120 metabolic syndrome patients were randomly assigned into four groups. Fasting blood samples were taken at study baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Results The mean vitamin C levels was increased significantly in both vitamin C and vitamin C plus physical activity groups (P value = 0.001). Vitamin C plus physical activity led to a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure compared to the placebo group (P value = 0.04). In addition, a significant changes in serum levels of total cholesterol were seen following vitamin C plus physical activity than that in the placebo group (P value = 0.04). Furthermore, vitamin C supplementation significantly affected BMI compared with the placebo group (P value = 0.02). No significant differences were found between the study groups in terms of triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C, fasting blood sugar, weight, waist circumference and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion Daily supplementation of vitamin C (500 mg/day), for 12 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in BMI. However, the combination of physical activities and vitamin C supplements may improve systolic blood pressure and serum levels of total cholesterol in metabolic syndrome patients and this combination should be recommended. Trial registration WHO-ICTRP, IRCT20161110030823N2. Registered 01 February 2018, http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=IRCT20161110030823N2.

Nation-wide failure of voluntary folic acid fortification of corn masa flour and tortillas with folic acid.

The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required all enriched cereal grains to be fortified with folic acid in 1998. In April 2016, the FDA published regulations allowing voluntary fortification of corn masa flour with folic acid to address the high prevalence of folic acid-preventable spina bifida and anencephaly among Hispanics. Our objective was to survey folic acid-fortified corn masa and corn tortilla products in the country using a national social media campaign. In January 2019, we conducted a social media campaign (#FindFolicAcid) engaging citizens nationwide to survey local stores for folic acid in corn masa flour and corn tortilla products. Photos of products and nutrition labels were shared with the researchers on various social media portals (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram). The posts were summarized for a descriptive analysis. People from 28 states shared photos of 132 products, including 43 unique corn masa flour or corn tortilla products. Of those, only three corn masa flour products included folic acid: (a) Maseca Instant White (4.4 lb bag); (b) Masa Brosa Instant; and (c) Masa Brosa Instant Blue. None of the corn tortilla products were fortified. There is a failure of voluntary folic acid fortification of corn masa flour and products nationally. Until folic acid fortification of corn masa products is implemented fully in the country, Hispanic women of reproductive age should take a daily vitamin supplement which includes at least 400 mcg of folic acid to prevent spina bifida and anencephaly.

An open-label, randomized, 10 weeks prospective study on the efficacy of vitamin D (daily low dose and weekly high dose) in vitamin D deficient patients.

Background:Vitamin D is an important vitamin required to maintain normal skeletal as well as nonskeletal functions. The daily supplementation of vitamin D not only have poor adherence to the regimen but also of doubtful efficacy in deficient patients.Objectives:The aim of this study was to compare the effect of oral high-dose vitamin D regimens (60,000 IU weekly) and daily low-dose vitamin D regimen of 1000 IU in mitigating symptoms and increase in serum levels of vitamin D in patients with hypovitaminosis D.Materials and Methods:A total of 90 patients aged 18–60 years with vitamin D deficiency (serum levels < 30 ng/mL) were enrolled. A total of 38 subjects received 60,000 IU of vitamin D weekly with 500 mg/day calcium and 40 subjects received a dose of 1000 IU of vitamin D daily with 500 mg/day calcium for 10 weeks. Baseline and follow-up total serum vitamin D levels and improvement in symptoms were measured within and between groups.Results:For high-dose vitamin D (60,000 IU weekly), the increase in mean serum vitamin D levels from baseline was 28.33 ng/mL over 10 weeks’ treatment period; whereas for the low-dose group (1000 IU daily) the mean increment in serum vitamin D was 6.79 ng/mL for the same period. The mean difference in increase in serum vitamin D between two groups was highly significant (P < 0.001). In both the groups, decrease in myalgia as evaluated on visual analog scale was observed after 10 weeks.Conclusions:High-dose vitamin D (60,000 IU weekly) regimen rapidly normalized 25(OH) D levels and ensure symptomatic relief earlier than daily dosing of 1000 IU vitamin D for same duration.

High Versus Moderate Dosage Of Daily And Weekly Administration Of Vitamin D Supplements In The Form Of Oil Drop In Nursing Home Residents

To investigate the effectiveness of daily (800 IU), weekly-moderate (5600 IU) and weekly-high (8000 IU) supplementation of Vitamin D in nursing home residents. A descriptive study. Nursing Home, MEVA, Istanbul, Turkey, from July 2016 to July 2017. Nursing home residents were divided into 3 groups for supplementation of Vitamin D: Daily Dose Group (DDG), Weekly Dose Group-moderate (WDG-moderate) and Weekly Dose Group-high (WDG-high). Blood and physical performance tests were done initially to obtain a baseline value and the tests were repeated at 13th and 26th weeks of supplementation. Statistical analysis was conducted only on patients who were able to complete the 6-month-long study. WDG-moderate (5600 IU/week) supplementation is found to be the most effective intervention in our study [25 (OH) D from 23.50 ±12.67 ng/mL to 37.38 ±14.42 ng/mL]. In WDG-moderate, the resulting Vitamin D level was found to reach near-optimum therapeutic levels. Only a limited increase was observed in 25 (OH) D level of DDG and WDG- high at the end of 26 weeks. Weekly (5600 IU/week) moderate supplementation of Vitamin D could be more beneficial than weekly (8000/week) high supplementation among nursing home residents. Multi-drug use among nursing home residents may hinder the therapeutic efficiency of Vitamin D administration. Physical performance tests may fail to demonstrate increased performance in mobility after Vitamin D administration in nursing home residents.

High-Dose Vitamin D3 Intake Is Associated with Decreased Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most widespread disabling autoimmune neurological conditions of adults between the ages of 20 and 40 globally. Medical researchers do not completely understand the possible causes of MS, nor have they determined the rate of progression. A limited number of clinical trials conducted in recent years have explored the link between vitamin D deficiency and MS with vitamin D supplementation as a possible element in the treatment of this disease. The primary goal of this review was to synthesize the evidence regarding the link between vitamin D3 levels and the symptoms of MS. A PubMed search was conducted using keywords Vitamin D, multiple sclerosis, MS, RRMS, prevention, treatment and cause. 1153 articles and sources were found using the key phrase “multiple sclerosis and vitamin D,” but these were narrowed to 11 based on publication dates between 2013 and 2018, clinical trials were included, while reviews were excluded and the relevance of the goals to this review. Study designs included experimental clinical trials where pretest/posttest data were presented. Articles were excluded if they were not peer reviewed or only described the method and were awaiting results. Although not all studies found uniform results, the majority of the evidence suggests that high intakes of vitamin D may be associated with improved quality of life through the reduction of certain symptoms of MS. This was especially evident in patients who started the studies with a vitamin D deficiency. It may be too early to prescribe an increase in daily supplementation of vitamin D with the hope of reducing the development of or in the treatment of MS, but recent studies indicate that high doses of vitamin D could decrease the probability of some symptoms of the disease and possibly give favorable results in treatment. Further studies are needed before specific recommendations can be made.

Case Study: The Effect of Nutritional Intervention on Body Composition and Physical Performance of a Female Squash Player.

The body composition of a squash player may affect athletic performance as carrying excessive body fat may increase injury risk and impair agility and speed. This case study outlines the effect of a nutritional intervention on body composition, vitaminD status, and physical performance of a female squash player. A structured, 6-week, moderate energy-restricted diet (70-78% of estimated energy requirement of 2,300kcal) was implemented with weekly support. A daily supplement of vitaminD, omega-3 fatty acids, and a multivitamin and whey protein was used. Full blood count, vitaminD status, body composition, and physical performance assessments were carried out at baseline and Week 6 of intervention. Body composition changes were measured using the BOD POD™ and skinfold calipers. Body fat was 23% at baseline and 22% at Week 6. Mean sum of eight skinfolds was 127.4 ± 2.2mm at baseline and 107.3 ± 0.4mm at Week 6. Lean body mass-to-fat mass ratio improved from 3.4 at baseline to 3.7 at Week 6. The greatest increments compared with baseline in serum markers were 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (68%), ferritin (31%), eosinophils (20%), and triglycerides (16%). All physical performance measures improved, with reactive strength index (4.8%), and on-court repeated speed (6.0%) showing the greatest improvements from baseline. This intervention demonstrates that structured energy restriction alongside appropriately structured strength and conditioning training is an effective way to gradually reduce the body fat and improve the body composition of a female athlete.

Iron, Hematological Parameters and Blood Plasma Lipid Profile in Vitamin D Supplemented and Non-Supplemented Young Soccer Players Subjected to High-Intensity Interval Training.

Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and anemia. Vitamin D-related changes in lipid profile have been studied extensively but the relationship between vitamin D and lipid metabolism is not completely understood. As both vitamin D and intermittent training may potentially affect iron and lipid metabolism, the aim of the study was to evaluate whether a daily supplementation of vitamin D can modulate the response of hematological and lipid parameters to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in soccer players. Thirty-six young elite junior soccer players were included in the placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Participants were non-randomly allocated into either a supplemented group (SG, n=20, HIIT and 5,000 IU of vitamin D daily) or placebo group (PG, n=16, HIIT and sunflower oil). Hematological parameters were ascertained before and after the 8-wk training. The change score (post- and pre-training difference) was calculated for each individual and the mean change score (MCS) was compared between SG and PG using the t test and analysis of covariance. There were no differences between SG and PG at baseline. The red and white cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCHC, ferritin, and HDL-cholesterol changed significantly over the 8-wk HIIT. However, no significant differences in MCS were observed between SG and PG for any variable. A daily vitamin D supplement did not have any impact on alteration in hematological or lipid parameters in young soccer players in the course of high-intensity interval training.

Anabolic steroids for rehabilitation after hip fracture in older people.

Anabolic steroids for rehabilitation after hip fracture in older people.

Vitamin D Daily short-term Supplementation does not Affect Glycemic Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

There is currently insufficient evidence of a beneficial effect to recommend vitamin D supplementation for optimizing glycemic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Taking into consideration the significant extra-skeletal effect of vitamin D on pancreatic β-cell function and insulin secretion and the large number of scientific evidence supporting the inverse association between vitamin D status and hyperglycemia, this review article aims to examine whether vitamin D supplementation therapies are beneficial to patients with T2DM considering specific factors through randomized controlled trials (RCTs). EBSCOhost and Medline databases were searched from the beginning of 2009 until the end of 2014 for RCTs in patients with T2DM. Parameters, such as baseline vitamin D levels, frequency/dosage of supplementation, length of the study and type of supplementation, were independently assessed, based on their effect on glycemic status. Although all different types of supplementation were safe and effective in the achievement of vitamin D sufficiency in a dose-dependent way, the impact on glycemic status was different. 14 RCTs were included with daily supplementations ranging from 400-11.200 IU/daily, 40.000-50.000 IU/weekly and 100.000-300.000 IU/intramuscularly or once given, for a period from 8 to 24 weeks. Daily supplementation of vitamin D (up to 11.200 IU) showed no effect, whereas combined supplementation, with calcium (≥300 mg), and with vitamin D doses similar to the RDA, showed positive effects. Additionally, high weekly doses of vitamin D (40.000-50.000 IU) were effective on glycemic outcomes but available data are limited.