Participation In Daily Physical Activity Research Articles

Impact of physical activity on executive functions: a moderated mediation model.

To provide both empirical support and a theoretical framework for systematically improving and optimizing the cognitive capabilities of college students through physical activity, while considering the mediating and regulating impacts of self-efficacy and negative emotion. The study employed an overall random sampling method, examining 500 college students from five universities in Jiangsu Province using the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Adult Executive Function Scale (ADEXI), Positive and Negative Emotion Scale (PANAS), and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). The findings indicated that the average age of the participants was 18.41 ± 0.73 years, encompassing 215 male students (43%), and 185 female students (57%). Engagement in physical activity was significantly and positively correlated with executive function (β = 0.246, p < 0.01), inversely associated with negative emotion (β = -0.137, p < 0.01), and demonstrated a significant positive predictive impact on self-efficacy (β = 0.183, p < 0.01). Self-efficacy was observed to partially mediate the relationship between executive function and physical activity. In addition, negative mood was identified as playing a partial mediating and modifying role in the relationship between executive function and physical activity. Increasing college students' daily physical activity participation not only benefits their executive function, self-efficacy, and confidence levels but also exerts a limited positive impact on negative mood, with the potential to regulate the intensity of negative emotion.

O.6.3-4 Children’s Sport Participation and Physical Activity in the Island of Ireland: a cross-sectional study comparing differences in participation between 2018 and 2022

Abstract Purpose Given the many policies and interventions aimed at increasing physical activity (PA), it is important to understand how levels of PA, sport participation and active travel change over time. The purpose of this study is to assess the participation levels of children and adolescents in sport, PA and active travel in Northern Ireland (NI) and the Republic of Ireland (RoI) and compare differences in participation between 2018 and 2022. Methods A cross-sectional survey was completed by a sample of schoolchildren in 2018 and in 2022 through the Children’s Sport Participation and Physical Activity (CSPPA) study. A representative sample of primary (n = 1549 in 2018, n = 1758 in 2022) and post-primary (n = 5102 in 2018, n = 7123 in 2022) pupils were surveyed in school using standardised self-report PA and sport participation measures. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analyses, linear regression and logistic regression were run for outcome variables. Results Reported participation in daily PA increased at both school levels in NI and RoI between 2018 and 2022 with an increased proportion of pupils meeting the recommended levels of PA (NI: 13% in 2018 and 17% in 2022, RoI: 13% in 2018 and 15% in 2022). The proportion of children taking part in sport at least once a week increased over the last four years at both school levels in NI and RoI. Active travel to or from primary school increased from 36% in 2018 to 40% in 2022 in NI and from 42% in 2018 to 43% in 2022 in RoI. There was no change in the level of self-reported active travel for post-primary pupils in NI. However, reported engagement in active travel decreased from 40% to 35% in RoI. Conclusions The findings from this study suggest small increases in participation in self-reported daily PA, school sport, and community sport between 2018 and 2022. Despite this, participation rates and engagement with active travel remain low. These findings are important for policymakers seeking to address inactivity in children and adolescents in Ireland. Support/Funding Source This study is funded by Sport Ireland, Healthy Ireland and Sport NI, with support from the Departments of Health and Education in ROI.

Qualitative research concerning physiotherapy approaches to encourage physical activity in older adults with dementia.

Physical exercise is known to improve the level of activities of daily living and physical function in people with dementia; however, symptoms of dementia often pose challenges when implementing physical therapy. This study aimed to elucidate how physiotherapists (PTs) engage with older adults with dementia to encourage exercise and participation in physical activity. In this qualitative study, four PTs working with older adults with dementia in long-term care facilities in Japan were recruited and interviewed. We used a modified grounded theory approach to assess how PTs engaged with older adults with dementia during physiotherapy sessions. Based on PT responses, five categories of engagement were identified: "make structured preparations for clients to begin physical activity," "link exercise therapy to a client's daily life," "discover changes in daily life," "ascertain cognitive function," and "accommodate client differences." Concepts were derived under each category. The category "make structured preparations for clients to begin physical activity" served as a preceding stage for PTs to engage with older adults with dementia. PTs linked exercise therapy to each client's daily life activities to encourage voluntary participation in daily physical activity. PTs ensured the performance of routine patterns of movement and modified these movement patterns per clients' differing paces. PTs provided exercise and movement training based on various degrees of client involvement and made structured preparations for clients to begin physical activity that were linked to exercise therapy. Our findings may prompt PTs to encourage older people with dementia to participate in physical therapy and benefit from exercise.

2022 Para Report Card on Physical Activity of Israeli Children and Adolescents With Disabilities.

Children and adolescents with disabilities (CAWD) represent 11% of Israeli children and adolescents. The 10 core indicators of the Global Matrix on Para Report Cards of physical activity (PA) of CAWD were used to create the 2022 Israeli Para Report Card. A panel of four experts reviewed resources and synthesized evidence of PA behaviors and policies for CAWD in Israel, converted the data to grades, and charted subcategories of language, sex, and disability across population. Data sources were surveys, reports, and memberships in sport federations and clubs. Among CAWD, levels of participation in daily PA were poor (<20%; Grade F), and participation of CAWD in sports was even lower (<10%; Grade F). A lack of environmental infrastructure may explain the low levels of participation. Females, Arabic speakers, and physiological CAWD need particular attention. Establishing governmental policies and interventions is required to increase overall PA and participation in sports among CAWD.

Mental health, physical activity, and sports among children with cerebral palsy.

People with cerebral palsy (CP) may be at an increased risk for mental health disorders due to co-occurring physical and communication limitations associated with the condition. Participation in physical activity (PA) and sports may provide opportunities to increase socialization and improve physical function. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between participation in daily PA and sports and mental health among children with CP. Participants included children with CP (n = 458) and typically developing children (TDC) (n = 40 091) 6-17 years whose parents participated in the 2016-2020 National Survey of Children's Health. Mental health disorders included anxiety, depression, behavioural disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Compared with TDC, children with CP had a higher prevalence of mental health disorders (75.5% vs. 54.2%) and were more likely to receive mental health care (21.5% vs. 14.6%). Controlling for sociodemographic variables, children with CP were more likely to experience anxiety [odds ratio (OR) 2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.1-3.3), depression (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3-2.4), behavioural disorders (OR 4.8; 95% CI 3.8-6.0) and ADHD (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.6-2.6). The likelihood of these conditions decreased when children participated in sports for anxiety (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.8-2.8), depression (OR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.0-2.0), behavioural disorders (OR 4.1; 95% CI 3.2-5.1) and ADHD (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.5-2.5). The likelihood for anxiety (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.8-2.8), depression (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0-1.9), behavioural disorders (OR 4.4; 95% CI 3.5-5.5) and ADHD (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.5-2.4) also decreased with participation in daily PA. There is an overwhelming disparity in the number of children with CP who have a mental health disorder and those who receive mental health care. Increasing access to participation in sports and PA may be beneficial.

Therapist Perspectives on Adoption of a Telehealth Self-Management Walking Program for Individuals With Lower Limb Amputation

Abstract Date Presented 04/02/2022 The goal of this qualitative study was to understand barriers and facilitators influencing adoption of the Dysvascular Amputation Self-management of Health (DASH) program. DASH was designed to maximize participation in daily physical activity via targeted self-management of step count. We completed focus groups with OTs and physical therapists to understand DASH adoption, and they identified facility-, clinician-, and patient-level factors to consider for larger scale implementation. Primary Author and Speaker: Laura A. Swink Contributing Authors: Laura A. Swink, Meredith L. Mealer, Matthew J. Miller, Chelsey B. Anderson, Paul F. Cook, Jennifer E. Stevens-Lapsley, Cory L. Christiansen

925-P: Participation in Daily Physical Activity (PA) Improves Glycemic Control in Youth with T1D

Aim: PA is an important part of diabetes management. ADA recommends that youth with T1D participate daily in ≥60 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA. We prospectively assessed daily PA in youth with T1D and compared demographic and diabetes variables according to frequency of PA ≥60 minutes/day. Methods: Youth (N=125, ages 8-17) with T1D completed 3-day PA records every 3 months for 18 months. Diabetes treatment data and A1c were collected at the same time. For each youth, we calculated the % of days with ≥60 minutes PA and compared those with ≥60 minutes PA on &amp;lt;50% vs. ≥50% of days. Youth with at least 6 days of PA data over 18 months were included. In analyses, baseline age, T1D duration, and pump use were used; mean values over the 18-month period for A1c, insulin dose, and BMI percentile were used. Results: Youth (50% male, 90% white, 74% pump-treated) had a mean±SD age 12.8±2.5 years, T1D duration 6.0±3.2 years, and A1c 8.2±0.9%. Youth had a median of 16 (IQR 12-17) PA record days. The % of days with ≥60 minutes PA ranged from 0 to 100% (median 53% [IQR 35-71%]), with 59% of youth reporting ≥60 minutes PA on ≥50% of days. Youth with ≥60 minutes PA on ≥50% of days were younger (12.4 vs. 13.5 years, p=.02), had shorter T1D duration (5.2 vs. 7.0 years, p=.002), lower daily insulin dose (0.86 vs. 1.00 u/kg, p=.002), and lower A1c (8.1 vs. 8.4%, p=.03) than youth with ≥60 minutes PA on &amp;lt;50% of days. There were no significant differences in sex (51 vs. 47% male, p=.64), race/ethnicity (93 vs. 84% white, p=.11), BMI percentile (69 vs. 70%, p=.85), or pump use (74 vs. 73%, p=.82) between those with ≥60 minutes PA on ≥50% vs. &amp;lt;50% of days. There was a notable temporal difference in youth having ≥60 min PA on ≥50% of days in the summer (75%), fall (51%), winter (58%), and spring (65%), respectively (p=.004). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of youth with T1D do not exercise per recommendations. Given associations of PA with lower A1c, additional efforts to support exercise management in T1D are needed along with support for PA throughout the year. Disclosure R. O. La banca: None. L. K. Volkening: None. H. Desrochers: None. E. Dassau: Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Roche Diabetes Care, Stock/Shareholder; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. S. N. Mehta: None. L. M. Laffel: Consultant; Self; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Dexcom, Inc., Dompe, Insulogic LLC, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Laxmi Therapeutic Devices, LifeScan, Lilly Diabetes, Medtronic, Provention Bio, Inc. Funding National Institutes of Health (K12DK094721, P30DK036836); Iacocca Family Foundation

Exploring the Interaction of Disability Status and Childhood Predictors of Physical Activity and Sport Participation: An Exploratory Decision-Tree Analysis.

A secondary data analysis of 33,093 children and adolescents age 6-17 years (12% with disabilities) from a 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health nonrepresentative sample aimed to identify (a) unique clusters of sociodemographic characteristics and (b) the relative importance of disability status in predicting participation in daily physical activity (PA) and sports. Exploratory classification tree analyses identified hierarchical predictors of daily PA and sport participation separately. Disability status was not a primary predictor of daily PA. Instead, it emerged in the fifth level after age, sex, body mass index, and income, highlighting the dynamic intersection of disability with sociodemographic factors influencing PA levels. In comparison, disability status was a second-level predictor for sport participation, suggesting that unique factors influencing PA level are likely experienced by disabled children and adolescents. The authors employ an intersectionality lens to critically discuss implications for research in adapted PA.

Chapter 13 - Stroke

Stroke, or cerebrovascular accident, involves injury to the central nervous system as a result of a vascular cause, and is a leading cause of disability worldwide. People with stroke often experience sensory, cognitive, and motor sequelae that can lead to difficulty walking, controlling balance in standing and voluntary tasks, and reacting to prevent a fall following an unexpected postural perturbation. This chapter discusses the interrelationships between stroke-related impairments, problems with control of balance and gait, fall risk, fear of falling, and participation in daily physical activity. Rehabilitation can improve balance and walking function, and consequently independence and quality of life, for those with stroke. This chapter also describes effective interventions for improving balance and walking function poststroke, and identifies some areas for further research in poststroke rehabilitation.

Pain worsening with physical activity during migraine attacks in women with overweight/obesity: A prospective evaluation of frequency, consistency, and correlates.

Background Migraine is a neurological disease involving recurrent attacks of moderate-to-severe and disabling head pain. Worsening of pain with routine physical activity during attacks is a principal migraine symptom; however, the frequency, individual consistency, and correlates of this symptom are unknown. Given the potential of this symptom to undermine participation in daily physical activity, an effective migraine prevention strategy, further research is warranted. This study is the first to prospectively evaluate (a) frequency and individual consistency of physical activity-related pain worsening during migraine attacks, and (b) potential correlates, including other migraine symptoms, anthropometric characteristics, psychological symptoms, and daily physical activity. Methods Participants were women (n = 132) aged 18-50 years with neurologist-confirmed migraine and overweight/obesity seeking weight loss treatment in the Women's Health and Migraine trial. At baseline, participants used a smartphone diary to record migraine attack occurrence, severity, and symptoms for 28 days. Participants also completed questionnaires and 7 days of objective physical activity monitoring before and after diary completion, respectively. Patterning of the effect of physical activity on pain was summarized within-subject by calculating the proportion (%) of attacks in which physical activity worsened, improved, or had no effect on pain. Results Participants reported 5.5 ± 2.8 (mean ± standard deviation) migraine attacks over 28 days. The intraclass correlation (coefficient = 0.71) indicated high consistency in participants' reports of activity-related pain worsening or not. On average, activity worsened pain in 34.8 ± 35.6% of attacks, had no effect on pain in 61.8 ± 34.6% of attacks and improved pain in 3.4 ± 12.7% of attacks. Few participants (9.8%) reported activity-related pain worsening in all attacks. A higher percentage of attacks where physical activity worsened pain demonstrated small-sized correlations with more severe nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, and allodynia (r = 0.18 - 0.22, p < 0.05). Pain worsening due to physical activity was not related to psychological symptoms or total daily physical activity. Conclusions There is large variability in the effect of physical activity on pain during migraine attacks that can be accounted for by individual differences. For a minority of participants, physical activity consistently contributed to pain worsening. More frequent physical activity-related pain worsening was related to greater severity of other migraine symptoms and pain sensitivity, which supports the validity of this diagnostic feature. Study protocol ClinicalTrials.govIdentifier: NCT01197196.

Interventions to promote physical activity in people with cystic fibrosis

Background In individuals with cystic fibrosis there are no established targets for participation in physical activity, nor have any ideal strategies to promote participation in physical activity been identified Objectives To evaluate the effect of treatment to increase participation in physical activity in people with cystic fibrosis. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Trials Register using the terms 'physiotherapy and exercise'. Date of the most recent search: 05 December 2013. Additionally, we conducted searches of the electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL (Ebscohost), PsycINFO (OvidSP) and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). We also searched for potentially relevant, completed but unpublished studies, on several clinical trials registers. Date of the most recent searches: 10 September 2012. Selection criteria All randomised and quasi-randomised controlled studies which investigated strategies designed to promote increased participation in daily physical activity for individuals with cystic fibrosis. Data collection and analysis Two authors independently selected studies for inclusion, assessed the risk of bias and extracted data. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion and consensus, or in arbitration with a third author. Main results Four studies (199 participants) met the inclusion criteria and were predominantly conducted in children with cystic fibrosis. Only one study had a combined cohort of adult and paediatric participants. The description of study methods was inadequate to assess the risk of bias, particularly with regard to blinding of assessors and selective reporting. One study was conducted in an inpatient setting with follow up in the outpatient setting; while the remaining three studies were conducted in individuals with stable respiratory disease in the outpatient setting. All included studies used exercise training to promote participation in physical activity, with the duration of the intervention period ranging from 18 days to three years. No improvement in physical activity participation was reported with any intervention period less than or equal to six months. Improvements in physical activity participation were only seen where follow up occurred beyond 12 months. There was no significant impact on quality of life from any of the intervention strategies. Authors' conclusions Although participation in physical activity is generally regarded as beneficial for people with cystic fibrosis, there is a lack of evidence regarding strategies to promote the uptake and the continued participation in physical activity for this population. This review provides very limited evidence that activity counselling and exercise advice, undertaken over at least six months, to engage in a home exercise programme may result in improved physical activity participation in people with cystic fibrosis. Further research is needed to determine the effect of strategies such as health coaching or telemedicine applications, in promoting the uptake and adherence to regular participation in physical activity. In addition, establishing the ideal duration of any interventions that promote physical activity, including exercise training programmes, will be important in addressing issues relating to participation in physical activity for people with cystic fibrosis.

Interventions for promoting physical activity in people with cystic fibrosis.

In individuals with cystic fibrosis there are no established targets for participation in physical activity, nor have any ideal strategies to promote participation in physical activity been identified To evaluate the effect of treatment to increase participation in physical activity in people with cystic fibrosis. We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Trials Register using the terms 'physiotherapy and exercise'.Date of the most recent search: 05 December 2013.Additionally, we conducted searches of the electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL (Ebscohost), PsycINFO (OvidSP) and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). We also searched for potentially relevant, completed but unpublished studies, on several clinical trials registers.Date of the most recent searches: 10 September 2012. All randomised and quasi-randomised controlled studies which investigated strategies designed to promote increased participation in daily physical activity for individuals with cystic fibrosis. Two authors independently selected studies for inclusion, assessed the risk of bias and extracted data. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion and consensus, or in arbitration with a third author. Four studies (199 participants) met the inclusion criteria and were predominantly conducted in children with cystic fibrosis. Only one study had a combined cohort of adult and paediatric participants. The description of study methods was inadequate to assess the risk of bias, particularly with regard to blinding of assessors and selective reporting. One study was conducted in an inpatient setting with follow up in the outpatient setting; while the remaining three studies were conducted in individuals with stable respiratory disease in the outpatient setting. All included studies used exercise training to promote participation in physical activity, with the duration of the intervention period ranging from 18 days to three years. No improvement in physical activity participation was reported with any intervention period less than or equal to six months. Improvements in physical activity participation were only seen where follow up occurred beyond 12 months. There was no significant impact on quality of life from any of the intervention strategies. Although participation in physical activity is generally regarded as beneficial for people with cystic fibrosis, there is a lack of evidence regarding strategies to promote the uptake and the continued participation in physical activity for this population. This review provides very limited evidence that activity counselling and exercise advice, undertaken over at least six months, to engage in a home exercise programme may result in improved physical activity participation in people with cystic fibrosis. Further research is needed to determine the effect of strategies such as health coaching or telemedicine applications, in promoting the uptake and adherence to regular participation in physical activity. In addition, establishing the ideal duration of any interventions that promote physical activity, including exercise training programmes, will be important in addressing issues relating to participation in physical activity for people with cystic fibrosis.

Medical students' health-related quality of life: roles of social and behavioural factors

The long and demanding course of medical education may be accompanied by distress with serious consequences. This study was conducted to assess the multidimensional health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in medical students in different stages of medical education and its associations with behavioural and social factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in medical students at three medical schools at, respectively, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Aja University of Medical Sciences and Baghiyatalah Medical School, in November and December 2011 using stratified sampling. Data were obtained on participants' characteristics, including gender, current education stage, living situation, smoking status, physical activity, and membership of associations or teams. Health-related QoL was measured using the Persian version of the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), which generates a physical component score (PCS) and a mental component score (MCS). Logistic regression was applied to measure the adjusted associations between variables. Of the 1350 students invited, 1086 individuals completed the survey to give a response rate of 80.4%. Logistic regression showed male gender (odds ratio [OR]=2.88, p<0.001), living with family versus in a dormitory (OR=2.72, p<0.001) and participation in daily physical activity (OR=16.96, p<0.001) to be significantly associated with a higher PCS. Being in an internship versus in the basic sciences stage of medical education showed a significant association with a lower PCS (OR=0.12, p<0.001). Similarly, male gender (OR=1.67, p<0.05), living with family rather than in a dormitory (OR=16.91, p<0.001), daily physical activity (OR=25.36, p<0.001), and membership of associations or teams (OR=3.67, p<0.001) were associated with a higher MCS. Likewise, studying in internship rather than in the basic sciences stage was accompanied by a lower MCS (OR=0.12, p<0.001). This large, multi-institution study, despite its limitations, indicates that medical students in internships show lower scores in all domains of QoL. Social engagement is an important associate of higher HR-QoL. Further studies should address the efficacy of interventions, such as self-awareness programmes and initiatives to encourage students to be more physically and socially active, in improving students' health.

Born to be wide? Exploring correlations in mother and adolescent body mass index

The channels contributing to the intergenerational correlation in body mass are not well understood. A novel decomposition approach from quantitative genetics is used to estimate the contribution of maternal characteristics, household income, and adolescent behaviours on the intergenerational correlation in BMI. The analysis uses data on mothers and their adolescent children from the British Household Panel Survey. The overall intergenerational correlation in BMI is 0.25. Maternal educational attainment and adolescent participation in daily physical activity are the largest contributing factors to the intergenerational correlation in BMI. Maternal employment and high daily television viewing by the adolescent are also contributing factors. Overall, observable characteristics explain 11.2% of the intergenerational correlation in BMI.

Exercise training following lung transplant is now evidence-based practice

In patients immediately following lung transplant, does three months of supervised exercise training confer changes in physical activity during daily life, functional exercise capacity, muscle force, health-related quality of life (HRQL), or forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1))? Randomised, controlled trial with concealed allocation in which investigators responsible for collecting the outcome measures were blinded to group allocation. Out-patient department of a hospital in Leuven, Belgium. Patients aged between 40 and 65 years who had an uncomplicated single or double lung transplant. Randomisation of 40 participants allocated 21 to the intervention group and 19 to the control group. Participants in both groups received six individual counselling sessions of 15-30 minutes in duration, during which they were instructed to increase participation in daily physical activity. In addition, the intervention group attended supervised exercise training sessions three times a week for 3 months following discharge. Each training session was approximately 90 minutes and comprised cycle ergometry, walking, stair climbing, and leg press resistance exercises. Training was prescribed at moderate to high intensity and progressed according to symptoms. The primary outcome was time spent walking each day. Secondary outcomes included the six-minute walk distance (6MWD), peripheral muscle force, HRQL, and FEV(1). Data were available on 18 and 16 patients in the intervention and control groups, respectively. On completion of the intervention, between-group differences in favour of the intervention group were demonstrated in the average time spent walking each day (difference in means 14 min, 95% CI 4 to 24), 6MWD (differences in means 9% predicted, 95% CI 3 to 15) and quadriceps force (difference in means 17% predicted, 95% CI 9 to 24), but not HRQL or FEV(1). These between-group differences were maintained 12 months following discharge from hospital. At the 12 month assessment, between-group differences in favour of the intervention group were also demonstrated in two components of HRQL related to physical function. In patients following lung transplant, exercise training conferred immediate and sustained gains in physical activity during daily life and exercise capacity. Gains in HRQL also appear to be evident, but took longer to be realised.

Obesity and Other Correlates of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors among US High School Students

Understanding correlates of physical activity (PA) can help inform and improve programs that promote PA among youth. We analyzed data from the 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Study, a representative sample of US students in grades 9–12. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between PA correlates (obesity, physical education classes, sports team participation, attitude toward PA, adult support for PA, and environmental support for PA) and participation in daily PA (DPA), vigorous PA (VPA), muscle-strengthening activity (MSA), viewing television (TV), and using computers or video games (C/VG). A positive attitude toward PA and adult support for PA were both associated with increased PA and decreased sedentary behavior. However, among students who lived in neighborhoods that were not safe for PA, a positive attitude toward PA was not associated with increased DPA or decreased sedentary behavior and was less strongly associated with VPA and MSA. Efforts to increase PA among youth should promote a positive attitude toward PA among youth and encourage adult family members to support their efforts to be active. Policies that promote safe neighborhoods may work synergistically with a positive attitude toward PA to increase participation in PA and decrease sedentary behaviors.

Nurses’ attitudes towards physical activity care among older people

To understand nurses' attitudes towards physical activity care for older people in long-term care facilities. In long-term care facilities, a common approach to daily physical activity is based on the identifiable portions of daily life during which the activity occurs. However, older people are at risk of falling when they perform daily physical activities. Nurses are the first-line caregivers. What nurses' think and do regarding older people's participation in daily physical activities in long-term care facilities is very important in terms of the clinical decision-making regarding older people's physical activity care. An exploratory qualitative design. Twenty nurses with more than three years of clinical experience from 13 long-term care facilities located in northern Taiwan were sampled purposively. Data were collected though semi-structured interviews. The constant comparative data analysis method was used throughout the research. Five themes emerged from the data analysis: 'recognising the importance of participation in daily physical activity', 'encouraging participation in physical activity', 'respecting the autonomy of the residents regarding participation in physical activity', 'preventing falls' and 'facing a dilemma'. This study identifies that there is a conflict between the nurses' perceptions of the residents' daily physical activities, the risk of falls and encouraging greater independence. The majority of staff employed in long-term care facilities is nursing personnel, and it is these nurses who have the most contact with the residents. It is therefore believed that nurses can make the greatest difference to the residents' lives and support the quality of care if they can resolve this conflict. Relevance to clinical practice. The results suggest the need to increase the nurses' knowledge base regarding the benefits of physical activity and also highlight the potentially adverse effect of restraint usage by nurses.

OP13 Diet and Physical Activity Levels Among UK Youth

BackgroundBoth physical activity levels and dietary behaviours have consistently been linked with the development of chronic disease, obesity and ill-health in both adult and youth samples. Nationally there are established...

Determinants of physical activity in daily life in candidates for lung transplantation

Participation in daily physical activity (PA) has never been objectively assessed in candidates for lung transplantation (LTx). The main research questions were: 1) How active are LTx-candidates in daily life? 2) What are determinants of activity behavior before LTX? Ninety-six candidates for LTx (diagnosis of COPD or interstitial lung disease; mean age 55±7 years) underwent measurements of PA, pulmonary function, 6-min walking distance (6MWD), muscle force and health-status (SF-36 scale). Patients were markedly inactive (5% of waking hours walking, 26% standing and 69% sedentary). Backward multiple regression identified 6MWD (expressed as % of predicted value; β=73.0 steps, partial r(2)=0.36, p=0.00), a higher score on the energy/fatigue scale of the SF-36 (β=28.6 steps, partial r(2)=0.09, p=0.00) and a higher expiratory muscle force (expressed as % of predicted value; β=11.8 steps, partial r(2)=0.05, p=0.02) as determinants of daily steps. Minutes of mild to moderate (≥2 METs) activity were determined by 6MWD (expressed as % of predicted value; β=2.14min, partial r(2)=0.30, p=0.00), inspiratory muscle force (expressed as % of predicted value; β=0.33min, partial r(2)=0.04, p=0.05) and seasonal influences (spring/summer vs. autumn/winter: β=18.95min, partial r(2)=0.04, p=0.05). The overall fit of the models was r(2)=0.50 and r(2)=0.38, respectively. The 6MWD was the main determinant of an inactive lifestyle in these patients. Respiratory muscle force, energy and fatigue and seasonal variations explained some additional variability in activity behavior. Patients should be encouraged to participate in interventions aimed at improving physical fitness and participation in daily physical activity before LTx.

Knowledge of Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Self-nurturance, and Heart-Healthy Behaviors in Women

A woman's risk for developing cardiovascular disease dramatically increases with the number of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs). Early intervention to treat and address the risk for CVRFs can substantially reduce cardiovascular disease in women. However, women's knowledge of CVRFs is poor, despite national media campaigns since 1997. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate knowledge of CVRFs, level of self-nurturance, and heart-healthy behaviors in 35- to 55-year-old women. This cross-sectional survey study was guided by the Nemcek Wellness Model, which proposes that health is enhanced through self-nurturance. Premenopausal women from medically underserved areas/populations or professional shortage areas were recruited from a chain discount department store on weekday evenings and weekend days. Women (N = 147) self-completed a survey on demographic information, measures of knowledge about CVRFs, participation in daily physical activity, and daily dietary intake. Most participants were white (94.9%), with a mean age of 45.2 years. Participating women's knowledge of CVRFs was higher than previously reported, but was not significantly (P > .05) related to any heart-healthy behaviors studied. Self-nurturance was moderately correlated with heart-healthy dietary intake scores (P = .002), but did not add further explanatory power for heart-healthy behaviors. The model's key concepts of knowledge and self-nurturance provided minimal explanatory power in this study. These data suggest that women are becoming more knowledgeable about CVRFs but that increased knowledge has not been translated into behaviors that would sustain heart health. Future research is needed to explore the "intention-behavior gap" between knowing what one should do and implementing the recommended behavior changes and to assist women in translating knowledge of CVRFs into heart-healthy behaviors.