Daily Passage Research Articles

A MIGRATORY BOTTLENECK FOR THE WHITE-THROATED HAWK BUTEO ALBIGULA IN THE ANDEAN FOOTHILLS OF CENTRAL CHILE

The White-throated Hawk Buteo albigula is one of the most abundant migratory raptors in the Austral-Neotropical system, but no bottlenecks in its migratory routes are known. Here, we describe the finding of the first migratory bottleneck for this species on the Andean slopes of central Chile. We counted a total of 5,424 White-throated Hawks migrating from south to north from 17 March until 13 April 2023, in Cachapoal, O'Higgins Region, Chile (34° S; 70° W). In addition, we counted 1,314 Variable Hawks Geranoaetus polyosoma and seven Cinereous Harriers Circus cinereus migrating through this site for a total of 6,745 raptors, which represent the largest count of migrant raptors in the Austral-Neotropical system. Both, the passage rate (24.2 hawks/hour) and the total number of White-throated Hawks observed per season, were higher at Cachapoal than at any other previous count site (daily passage rate range = 1.0–7.2 hawks/hour; total hawks per season = 35–294). We estimated that over 84% of the breeding population of White-throated Hawks transit the Cachapoal bottleneck during their autumn migration. Remote tracking technologies and observations at other points of the Andes should help to further examine this proposal. Continuing with the long-term count of White-throated Hawks in this bottleneck will allow us to assess the population trends of this important predator in the southern temperate forests.

Characteristics of daily foraging activity of Camponotus japonicus via time series analysis.

Social insects often share tasks among individuals. In this study, we analyzed the foraging activity of ants (Camponotus japonicus) and recorded the daily passage event counts of individual workers between a nest chamber and a foraging arena in five monodomous colonies. We proposed two hypotheses on the time series of foraging frequency by individual worker ants as follows: (i) for the time series of foraging frequency by individual worker ants, the foraging frequency on a certain day could be expressed by the product of the foraging frequency on the previous day and the exponential of a random number. (ii) The random numbers are correlated between some pairs of worker ants. The results for the five tested ant colonies showed that the probability of total daily passage counts (the sum of an individual's passage count) followed a log-normal distribution. The worker ants behaved differently in terms of active days and foraging frequency. However, for > 54% of the worker ants, the probability of the daily passage count was characterized by a log-normal distribution, and these worker ants performed > 72% of the tasks in each colony. Furthermore, for > 73% of the worker ants, the time development of the passage count was mathematically modeled; the logarithmic first difference between the passage counts on a certain day and those on the previous day was a random normal variable. These results support hypothesis (i). Additionally, the random numbers that were equivalent to the logarithmic first difference were correlated for some pairs of worker ants. These results support hypothesis (ii).

A Novel Vehicle Destination Prediction Model With Expandable Features Using Attention Mechanism and Variational Autoencoder

The daily passage of vehicles generates a huge amount of location-aware social data, which provides a rich source of data for analyzing vehicle travel behavior. Being able to accurately predict the future destinations of vehicle travel has great economic value and social impact. The presence of larger sparsity, fewer features and error information in the real dataset led to difficulties in convergence of previous models. Therefore, we propose a Novel Vehicle Destination Prediction Model with Expandable Features Using Attention Mechanism and Variational Autoencoder (EFAMVA). The EFAMVA model combines the autoencoder model and the attention mechanism has overcome the above mentioned problems. The variational autoencoder model obtains the hidden features conforming to the characteristics of the data from the structured vehicle driving data. And the attention mechanism can learn the appropriate combination of weight parameters. The comprehensive experimental results with other comparison models show that the EFAMVA model achieved the best index score, with the MSE value of 0.750, the RMSE value of 1.215, and the MAE value of 0.955. Therefore, it can be shown that the EFAMVA model has a better predictive effect on the future destination of the vehicle.

Joint temporal trends in river thermal and hydrological conditions can threaten the downstream migration of the critically endangered European eel

Climate change is modifying the hydrological and thermal regimes of rivers worldwide, threatening the triggering of organisms’ key life-cycle processes. European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a critically endangered fish species that migrates over several thousand kilometres between its rearing habitats in continental waters of Europe and North Africa and its spawning area in the Sargasso Sea. Downstream migration of adult eels occurs during periods of decreasing river water temperature associated with high discharge but changes in these environmental cues may affected eel migratory conditions. An innovative multivariate method was developed to analyse long-term datasets of daily water temperature, discharge and eel passage in two European rivers. Over the past 50 years, water temperature and discharge increased in both rivers during the downstream migration period from August to November. Silver eels preferentially migrated at temperatures between 10 and 20 °C combined with high discharge. Environmental changes have resulted in the migration of silver eels under warmer water temperatures. This example illustrates how the changes in environmental cues have led to a growing mismatch between the migratory conditions preferentially selected and those actually used, which may threaten the completion of the eel’s life cycle and ultimately the persistence of this already critically endangered species.

Welcome back to Junkspace! Performing infinity while confined in lockdown

For months we have been locked out of Junkspace. So, who’s complaining? Confined to domestic spaces, #stayhome has given many of us a forced opportunity to rethink the type of spaces that are not only functional and useful, but that make us feel comfortable. Our own residential arena may have felt restrictive and even – for some – oppressive at times, but who would say that they truly missed their daily passage through the endlessly stale air of check-in desks, departure gates, and duty frees at the airport; the epic journeys through low ceiling corridors and passageways of railway terminals and subway stations; and the blinding hallucinatory proliferation of brands and franchises in malls…?

Short-term traffic flow prediction on campus based on modified PSOBP neural network

In order to ensure the efficiency of daily passage on campus and prevent the occurrence of safety accidents, an improved prediction method of optimized BP neural network based on modified particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) was proposed. In this modified PSO algorithm, we propose a mutation operator to avoid particles plunging into local optimization, using the modified PSO algorithm to optimize the solution of weight and threshold in BP neural network. The prediction method is applied to the time series of the observed campus traffic flow for effective verification, and the result shows that the method has better nonlinear fitting ability and higher prediction accuracy for the short-term traffic flow on campus.

245 - Development of a keratinocyte-specific defined media suitable for self-assembled bilayered skin substitute production

Skin epithelial cell (keratinocytes) culture and self-assembled skin substitutes (SASS) have greatly improved treatments for patients with severe burns. To properly culture human keratinocytes, fetal bovine serum (FBS) must be added to the medium. However, FBS exact biological composition is undefined and is known for batch-to-batch variations. FBS is also associated with a risk of xenogeneic pathogen transmission. For these reproducibility and safety reasons, discarding FBS usage in both research and clinical contexts is desirable. Although keratinocyte-specific serum-free (defined) media are commercially available, they are not effective in culturing keratinocytes for more than a few passages and are not suitable for SASS production. Therefore, our objective is to develop a defined medium optimized for keratinocyte expansion and SASS production. Three candidate molecular factors capable of substantially promoting keratinocyte growth were initially identified from an experimental screening on a single cell population. This led to the development of an effective defined medium for culturing keratinocytes (DMK). DMK was then optimized in terms of cost-effectiveness by testing different concentrations of the factors previously identified, and three DMK derivatives (α, β, and γ) were formulated. Using two additional populations, DMK and its derivatives were ranked over their ability to sustain culture quality. Daily population doublings, passage count, and cell size were used as proxies. Keratinocytes cultured in DMKβ were smaller and could be grown over at least as many passages as in FBS-containing medium and more passages than those cultured in DMK or its other derivatives. Also, keratinocyte population doubling rates were greater in DMKβ. Keratinocyte cultured in either DMKβ or FBS-containing medium were morphologically comparable. SASS were then produced with both DMKβ and FBS-containing medium using four anatomically distinct keratinocyte populations. A portion of the amplified keratinocytes were also used to compare complete transcriptomic profiles. Substitute histological analyses showed no clear differences between those produced with DMKβ or FBS-containing medium. Substitute similarity was further evaluated with immunolabelling of K10, K14, K19, Ki67, filaggrin, and type IV collagen. In conclusion, this new defined medium is promising for keratinocyte culture and skin substitute production for research and clinical purposes.

Role of ano rectal myomectomy in children with chronic refractory constipation.

Background:Chronic refractory constipation (CRC) is an uncommon type of constipation. These children have persistent symptoms even after treatment with high dose laxatives, which may cause abdominal distension, vomiting, cramping and bloating. We conducted this study to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic role of anorectal myomectomy in children with CRC.Materials and Methods:This study includes 107 patients who fit the criteria of CRC. Complete bowel preparation with polyethylene glycol solution, enemas and antibiotics was carried out before surgery in all patients. The anorectal myomectomy was carried out under general anaesthesia with the patient in the high lithotomy position. The patients were followed up from 6 months to 13 years postoperatively. The success of myomectomy was based on the daily and complete passage of stools without the need for medication or enemas.Results:A total of 99 patients were included in the study, of which, 86 (86.86%) patients showed a good response to anorectal myomectomy. Of these, 32 patients had normal histology, 14 had histology suggestive of Hirschsprung's disease, 8 had hypoganglionosis, 10 had ultra-short segment Hirschsprung's disease and 22 had hypertrophic nerves with immature ganglia. Poor response was seen in 13 (13.13%) patients of whom 5 had normal histology, 5 had Hirschsprung's disease, 2 had hypoganglionosis and 1 had ultra-short segment Hirschsprung's disease.Conclusion:Anorectal myomectomy is an effective and technically simple procedure in selected patients with CRC for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Interacting effects of ambient temperature and food quality on the foraging ecology of small mammalian herbivores

Both temperature and diet quality play an important role in the time and energy budgets of small mammalian herbivores. However, little is known about how temperature and diet quality interact to influence diet selection, nutrient extraction, and energetics, and how these effects might differ among species. Therefore, we examined the effects of diet quality and temperature on aspects of the foraging ecology of two species of lagomorphs, pygmy rabbits (Brachylagus idahoensis), which are small dietary specialists, and mountain cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus nuttallii), which are larger dietary and habitat generalists. In a series of feeding experiments, we investigated 1) the effects of temperature on selection of plant fiber and the plant secondary metabolite 1,8 cineole in their diets, 2) effects of temperature and plant fiber on daily intake, digestion, and passage of food, 3) effects of plant fiber and 1,8 cineole on resting metabolic rate, and 4) how these interactions differ between the rabbit species. Both species chose to eat more total food and a greater proportion of high fiber food that passed more quickly through the digestive system in colder temperatures. However, temperature did not affect how much 1,8 cineole the rabbits consumed nor how thoroughly they digested food. Food quality affected how well they digested the dry matter in the food, but not their resting metabolic rate. Understanding how the interactions between ambient temperature and food quality affect selection of diets and intake by small mammalian herbivores, and the physiological mechanisms governing these choices, is useful for predicting how these species might respond to changes in both temperature and food quality and inform conservation and restoration strategies.

Predicting Full Enteral Feeding in the Postoperative Period in Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

Introduction The objective of the study is to examine the factors associated with time to achieve full enteral feeding after repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Materials and Methods Demographic, clinical, and therapeutic data were retrospectively assessed, and uni- and multivariate Cox regression were performed to examine factors predictive of achieving full enteral feeding that was defined as time to achieve120 mL/kg/d after surgical repair. Results Of 78 infants, 66 underwent intervention before hospital discharge. All infants who survived had reached full enteral feeding at the time of hospital discharge by a median of 22 days (range: 2-119 days) after surgery and 10 days (range: 1-91) after initiation of postoperative enteral feedings. Independent risk factors associated with a longer time to reach full enteral feeding achievement included gastroesophageal reflux and days of antibiotics in the postoperative period. Daily stool passage preoperatively predicted earlier enteral tolerance. Conclusion Infants who survive congenital diaphragmatic hernia generally are able to achieve full enteral feedings after surgical repair. A longer time to full feeding is needed in the most severe cases, but some specific characteristics can be used to help identify patients at higher risk. Although some of these characteristics are unavoidable, others including rational antibiotic usage and active gastroesophageal reflux prevention and treatment are feasible and may improve enteral tolerance.

Linking Hydroclimate to Fish Phenology and Habitat Use with Ichthyographs.

Streamflow and water temperature (hydroclimate) influence the life histories of aquatic biota. The relationship between streamflow and temperature varies with climate, hydrogeomorphic setting, and season. Life histories of native fishes reflect, in part, their adaptation to regional hydroclimate (flow and water temperature), local habitats, and natural disturbance regimes, all of which may be affected by water management. Alterations to natural hydroclimates, such as those caused by river regulation or climate change, can modify the suitability and variety of in-stream habitat for fishes throughout the year. Here, we present the ichthyograph, a new empirically-based graphical tool to help visualize relationships between hydroclimate and fish phenology. Generally, this graphical tool can be used to display a variety of phenotypic traits. We used long-term data sets of daily fish passage to examine linkages between hydroclimate and the expression of life-history phenology by native fishes. The ichthyograph may be used to characterize the environmental phenology for fishes across multiple spatio-temporal domains. We illustrate the ichthyograph in two applications to visualize: 1) river use for the community of fishes at a specific location; and 2) stream conditions at multiple locations within the river network for one species at different life-history stages. The novel, yet simple, ichthyograph offers a flexible framework to enable transformations in thinking regarding relationships between hydroclimate and aquatic species across space and time. The potential broad application of this innovative tool promotes synergism between assessments of physical characteristics and the biological needs of aquatic species.

Characterizing the Interactions between a Naturally Primed Immunoglobulin A and Its Conserved Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Species-specific Epitope in Gnotobiotic Mice

The adaptive immune response to the human gut microbiota consists of a complex repertoire of antibodies interacting with a broad range of taxa. Fusing intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes from mice monocolonized with Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron to a myeloma fusion partner allowed us to recover hybridomas that captured naturally primed, antigen-specific antibody responses representing multiple isotypes, including IgA. One of these hybridomas, 260.8, produced a monoclonal antibody that recognizes an epitope specific for B. thetaiotaomicron isolates in a large panel of hospital- and community-acquired Bacteroides. Whole genome transposon mutagenesis revealed a 19-gene locus, involved in LPS O-antigen polysaccharide synthesis and conserved among multiple B. thetaiotaomicron isolates, that is required for 260.8 epitope expression. Mutants in this locus exhibited marked fitness defects in vitro during growth in rich medium and in gnotobiotic mice colonized with defined communities of human gut symbionts. Expression of the 260.8 epitope was sustained during 10 months of daily passage in vitro and during 14 months of monocolonization of gnotobiotic wild-type, Rag1-/-, or Myd88-/- mice. Comparison of gnotobiotic Rag1-/- mice with and without subcutaneous 260.8 hybridomas disclosed that this IgA did not affect B. thetaiotaomicron population density or suppress 260.8 epitope production but did affect bacterial gene expression in ways emblematic of a diminished host innate immune response. Our study illustrates an approach for (i) generating diagnostic antibodies, (ii) characterizing IgA responses along a continuum of specificity/degeneracy that defines the IgA repertoire to gut symbionts, and (iii) identifying immunogenic epitopes that affect competitiveness and help maintain host-microbe mutualism.

Magnitude and Timing of Autumn Osprey Migration in Southeastern Cuba

Abstract From 2005–2008 we used counts of visible migrants at an inland watchsite (La Gran Piedra) 9 km from the coast and a coastal watchsite (Siboney) to describe the magnitude and timing of Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) autumn migration through southeastern Cuba from 1 August through 30 November. Counts of Ospreys at Siboney averaged 5283 (2006–2008) annually or roughly twice those tallied at other North American watchsites known for the concentration of this species during autumn migration. Nevertheless, simultaneous counts at both watchsites better represent the magnitude of its migration through southeastern Cuba, averaging more than 7000 Ospreys (3 yr). The mean seasonal passage window (95% of the flight) ranged from 78 to 83 d at La Gran Piedra and Siboney. The average peak at both sites occurred in early October, with more than 20 Ospreys/hr. The daily passage window (95% of the daily passage) was more protracted at Siboney, where birds migrated both early in the morning and late in the afternoon, t...

A Study on the Planning Factors and Residents Satisfaction of Urban Regeneration in Large Cities

In recent years, recovering the function of downtown has become one of the most important issues in local government. However, successful urban regeneration should be satisfied with economic, social, cultural and physical needs of residents. This study aims to suggest the desirable planning factors and directions of urban regeneration based on the analysis of characteristics of economic, social, physical and cultural aspects in large cities. Based on the results of experts and residents questionnaire surveys, it conducts an analysis on the importance of planning factors and drew some critical points that have an important effect on urban regeneration. The relationship between planning factors and population sizes evaluated by multiple regression analysis. This study found out that it is important to expand parks, green spaces, and ecological spaces to metropolitan cities. However, for the large cities, it is necessary to established a cultural identity and to increase historical resources for the activities of tourism. Furthermore, to specify the types of industry and vocational education are needed for metropolitan cities. For the urban regeneration of large cities, focusing on the traditional markets and urban marketing are needed. It is also necessary to provide sound environment of pedestrian facilities and public transport system especially for the daily passage of white-collar workers and elderly.

Estimating and Predicting Collection Probability of Fish at Dams Using Multistate Modeling

AbstractDams can be equipped with a bypass that routes a portion of the fish that enter the turbine intakes away from the powerhouse into flumes, where they can be counted. Daily passage abundance can be estimated by dividing the number of fish counted in the bypass by the sampling rate and then dividing the resulting quotient by the collection probability (i.e., the proportion of the fish population passing the dam that is bypassed). We used multistate mark–recapture modeling to evaluate six candidate models for predicting the collection probabilities of radio‐tagged subyearling fall Chinook salmon (n = 3,852) as a function of 1–2‐d time periods (general model), four different combinations of outflow (i.e., the total volume of water passing the dam) and turbine allocation (i.e., the proportion of outflow directed through the turbines), and a null (intercept only) model. The best‐fit model was the additive combination of turbine allocation and outflow, which explained 71% of the null deviance. Cross validation of the best‐fit model accounted for the variation that may arise from different data sets and the ensuing parameter values on the collection probability estimates and yielded a standard error of 0.613 that can be used to construct approximate 95% prediction intervals in nonstudy years. Such estimates have been unavailable and will be useful anywhere estimates of daily passage abundance at dams with bypasses are needed to manage migratory fishes.

The importance of kinetics and redox in the biogeochemical cycling of iron in the surface ocean.

It is now well established that Iron (Fe) is a limiting element in many regions of the open ocean. Our current understanding of the key processes which control iron distribution in the open ocean have been largely based on thermodynamic measurements performed under the assumption of equilibrium conditions. Using this equilibrium approach, researchers have been able to detect and quantify organic complexing ligands in seawater and examine their role in increasing the overall solubility of iron. Our current knowledge about iron bioavailability to phytoplankton and bacteria is also based heavily on carefully controlled laboratory studies where it is assumed the chemical species are in equilibrium in line with the free ion association model and/or its successor the biotic ligand model. Similarly most field work on iron biogeochemistry generally consists of a single profile which is in essence a “snap-shot” in time of the system under investigation. However it is well known that the surface ocean is an extremely dynamic environment and it is unlikely if thermodynamic equilibrium between all the iron species present is ever truly achieved. In sunlit waters this is mostly due to the daily passage of the sun across the sky leading to photoredox processes which alter Fe speciation by cycling between redox states and between inorganic and organic species. Episodic deposition events, dry and wet, are also important perturbations to iron cycling as they bring in new iron to the system and alter the equilibrium between iron species and phases. Here we utilize new field data collected in the open ocean on the complexation kinetics of iron in the surface ocean to identify the important role of weak iron binding ligands (i.e., those that cannot maintain iron in solution indefinitely at seawater pH: αFeL < αFe′) in allowing transient increases in iron solubility in response to iron deposition events. Experiments with the thermal source SOTS-1 also indicate the short term impact of this species on iron solubility also with relevance to the euphotic zone. This data highlights the roles of kinetics, redox, and weaker iron binding ligands in the biogeochemical cycling of iron in the ocean.

Intrinsic biological property of colloidal fullerene nanoparticles (nC 60): Lack of lethality after high dose exposure to human epidermal and bacterial cells

Colloidal fullerene nanoparticles (nC 60) were reported to be toxic to fish brains, human cells and microorganisms, while new observations suggest that the observed toxicity may be due to tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent or its oxidative by-products in nC 60 preparations. Here, we report a novel method for preparing nC 60 nanoparticles that does not use THF solvent, but provides nC 60 with an average particle size of 43.8 nm and a yield approximately 100 times higher than the THF method. The prepared nC 60 showed a similar antioxidant capacity compared to a water-soluble vitamin E analog. No mortality to human epidermal keratinocytes was observed at a concentration 170 times higher than the reported LC 50 values for other human cell lines. No toxicity was observed to E. coli or B. subtilis at up to 342 μg/mL nC 60 for 16 h, which was hundred times higher than the reported minimum inhibitory concentrations of nC 60 prepared using THF method for these two bacteria. When E. coli was exposed to 85.5 μg/mL nC 60 with daily passage for 4 days, the stationary phase populations at different passages were not statistically different ( p = 0.05) from the control without nC 60 nanoparticles. These results reveal that the intrinsic biological property of nC60 is non-toxic, confirming the prior non-toxic reports when using nC 60 prepared with non-THF methods.

An Approach for Real-time Estimation of Railway Passenger Flow

The ability to obtain passenger flow information in real time is expected to prove useful in application to railway traffic operations. In this report, forecasting of the number of gate passages according to the time of day was attempted using past data from automatic ticket-checking gates, and the number of passages by each origin station was estimated using the number of gate passages. As attributes of daily passage data were apparent, two prediction approaches were found to be applicable to stable data and irregular data. Consequently, the applicability criteria for each approach were clarified. Moreover, accurate forecasting of the number of OD (combination of Origin and Destination) passages was performed using the forecasting model developed.

A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Study to Determine the Effect of Thoracic Epidural Neostigmine on Postoperative Ileus After Abdominal Aortic Surgery

Postoperative ileus is a major gastrointestinal complication of abdominal aortic surgery leading to increased rates of morbidity and mortality, longer lengths of hospital stay, and higher costs. In this study, we evaluated the effect of epidurally administered neostigmine on postoperative ileus after abdominal aortic surgery. We enrolled 45 patients who were scheduled for elective abdominal aortic surgery at our institution. All patients received identical general and epidural anesthesia. Before the induction of general anesthesia, an epidural catheter was placed at the T7-T8 intervertebral space, and 20 mL bupivacaine (0.5%) was injected over 15 min. Patients were randomized into two groups. Patients received a 5 mL bolus of neostigmine (1 microg/kg) diluted with normal saline (Group 1) or a 5 mL bolus of normal saline (Group 2) via an epidural catheter at the end of surgery and 8 h postoperatively. Times of bowel sounds were recorded postoperatively in the intensive care unit. Times of daily passage of flatus and defecation also were recorded. Times to the first bowel sounds and the first flatus were significantly shorter in Group 1 than they were in Group 2 (11.6 +/- 11.2 h vs 22.6 +/- 12.8 h and 21.8 +/- 15.6 h vs 36.6 +/- 19.1 h, respectively, P < 0.05). The times to first defecation were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). Nausea was more frequent in patients in Group 2 than in Group 1 (P < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative complications was similar between the groups (P > 0.05). Thoracic epidural neostigmine enables faster restoration of bowel sounds and shortens duration of postoperative ileus after abdominal aortic surgery.

Pancreatitis Induced by Topical 5-Aminosalicylic Acid

To describe a case of pancreatitis associated with rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid. Chart review after informed patient consent. A 22-year-old Caucasian woman presented with a one-year history of daily passage of mucus and blood in her stools. She reported a lifelong history of a “sensitive stomach.” Her past medical history included hypothyroidism, seasonal allergies, and eczema. Her surgical history is notable for tonsillectomy. Her medications included an antihistamine, levothyroxine, nasal steroid spray, birth control patch, and a topical eczema medication. She did not smoke, and occasionally drank alcohol socially. Her initial laboratory values including a complete blood count were unremarkable. On flexible sigmoidoscopy, there was diffuse inflammation and granular changes to 35 cm. Biopsies revealed chronic and acute colitis with occasional cryptitis and crypt abscess formation, consistent with ulcerative proctosigmoiditis. Mesalamine enemas (Rowasa) significantly improved her symptoms. After five days, the patient experienced nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lower quadrant abdominal pain, and decreased p.o. intake. At admission to hospital, her amylase was 484, with a white blood cell count of 24000. Her standard chemistry profile, urine hCG, and liver function tests were normal. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen was unremarkable, and an abdominal ultrasound revealed minimal sludging in the gallbladder. On clinical and biochemical grounds, a diagnosis of pancreatitis was made. Her mesalamine enema was discontinued, and patient underwent bowel rest with intravenous metronidazole and fluids. On the following day, the patient's amylase was 135, with a lipase of 997. She was discharged after clinical improvement, with instructions not to resume her mesalamine enemas. A magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) scan as an outpatient revealed no abnormalities. Serial follow-up pancreatic enzymes and liver function tests normalized and remained so, even when her colitis eventually flared again without the mesalamine. We present the second known case of pancreatitis associated with topical 5-aminosalicylate therapy alone. A patient with IBD who experiences abdominal pain or pancreatic enzyme elevations, in the setting of rectal mesalamine, should alert the clinician to the possibility of drug-induced pancreatitis. Possible mechanisms include immunological hypersensitivity and oxidative cell injury. There is a need for further elucidation of this phenomenon and its pathophysiology.