Minutes Of Daily Physical Activity Research Articles

HEALTH STATUS AND HEALTH PRACTICES OF MONTENEGRIN FAMILY PHYSCIANS

Introduction: Physicians have lower mortality rates than general population, but similar rates of chronic diseases. Aim: The aim was to investigate health status and heath practices of family medicine doctors in Primary Health Care Center Podgorica, Montenegro and compare it to high school teachers. Method: A total of 104 (69.3%) physicians and 40 teachers (50%) responded to a questionnaire about their health status and health practices. Results: A total of 45% of practitioners and 45% of teachers self-reported at least one disease without significant difference in the incidence and type of disease (p=0.162). There was also no difference in using sick leave (p=0.633). Both groups tended to work when sick, but significantly more physicians worked when tired (p=0.026). Most of respondents were registered with a general practitioner, but only teachers tended to visit their physician when ill (p<0.001). Thirty minutes of daily physical activity was reported by 16.3% of the physicians and 15.0% of the teachers without a significant difference (p=0.915). Conclusion: Compared to the teachers Montenegrin physicians have similar health status and health practices. However, physicians more often tend to work when they are tired and to selfcare when they are ill. Physicians need to pay attention to the lifestayle habits and to follow the recommendations for themselves what they provide to their patients.

A246 EXAMINING BARRIERS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE PATIENTS

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) poses significant challenges to pediatric patients, affecting their physical and psychological well-being. Physical activity can be an essential component of managing IBD, yet its adoption among this population remains suboptimal. Understanding the factors that influence physical activity levels in youth with IBD, particularly barriers to engagement, is crucial. Aims (1) Describe physical activity levels in pediatric IBD, and (2) assess the relationship between physical activity and barriers to physical activity in youth with IBD. Methods We recruited patients between the ages of 7-17 years with a single confirmed diagnosis of IBD. Participants completed a barriers to physical activity questionnaire adapted from Zabinski et al. (2003). Each item was scored on a scale from 1 to 5, to yield a total barriers score and subdomain scores for body-related, convenience, resource, social, fitness, and disease-related barriers; each score presented as an average out of 5. Lower scores indicated lower barrier burden. Participants also wore accelerometers during waking hours for 7 consecutive days to quantify daily average total physical activity (TPA), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between physical activity and barriers to physical activity. Results Forty-nine youth completed the study (31% females; age: 14.77±1.98 years). Physical activity levels were low (TPA: 146.6±49.5 min/day; LPA: 104.2±33.4 min/day; MVPA: 42.4±21.2 min/day), with only 21% of participants meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines of 60 min/day of MVPA. Total and resource barriers both significantly predicted TPA (total: β=-47.76, p=0.004; resource: β=-48.30, pampersand:003C0.001), LPA (total: β=-29.01, p=0.01; resource: β=-29.68, pampersand:003C0.001), and MVPA (total: β=-18.75, p=0.01; resource: β=-18.62, pampersand:003C0.001). Fitness barriers significantly predicted TPA (β=-41.48, p=0.016) and MVPA (β=-22.01, p=0.008). Body-related, convenience, social, and disease-related barriers did not significantly predict TPA, LPA, or MVPA. Conclusions Our findings confirmed that youth with IBD are not engaging in enough physical activity. Importantly, we found those with higher total barrier, resource- and fitness-related barriers presented with 18-48 fewer minutes of daily physical activity. These findings highlight the need for tailored interventions aimed at reducing specific barriers to support physical activity participation in youth with IBD. Funding Agencies None

ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN COGNITIVE CHANGE AND OBJECTIVE CHANGE IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG OLDER ADULTS: THE LIFE STUDY

Abstract Objective To investigate the associations between domain-specific cognitive change and objectively measured change in physical activity in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. We hypothesized that domain-specific changes in cognition are associated with longitudinal changes in physical activity levels. Methods We used data from 955 participants from The LIFE Study, a multi-center randomized clinical trial. Longitudinal relationships between cognitive domains (i.e., memory, attention, processing speed, executive function) and accelerometer-measured change in daily minutes of physical activity were examined using multivariable linear regression. Cognitive tests included Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE), Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT), Digital Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Task Switching Test, Eriksen Flanker Test and N-Back Test. Physical activity was measured longitudinally using an accelerometer and was categorized to total, light, and moderate to vigorous according to standardized activity count cut points. Results Our results showed an association between cognitive change in the processing speed domain and change in minutes of total (β = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.89; p = 0.034) and light (β = 0.42; 95%CI: 0.03, 0.80; p= 0.033) physical activity. Relationships between all other cognitive assessments and physical activity categories were not statistically significant. Conclusions This study demonstrates an association between a decline in processing speed and a decline in the duration of total and light daily physical activity in older adults with low to moderate physical function.

Motivational Profile as a Predictor of Physical Activity Among US Adults During the Early Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Daily Diary Study.

This study used a daily diary approach to examine associations between day-level physical activity (PA) behavior, PA-specific motivational profile, and days since the COVID-19 national emergency declaration during the early months (April-June 2020) of the pandemic. A total of 468 US adults (Mage = 34.8y, 79% female) participated in a 28-day smartphone-based daily diary study assessing PA. A baseline survey assessed PA and motivation for PA using the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire. Multilevel linear regression models examined the main effects and interactions of motivational profile and time (days since the US March 13, 2020, COVID-19 national emergency declaration) on daily PA minutes. Latent profile analysis identified 4 distinct motivational profiles for PA among this sample: profile 1: high amotivation (n = 100, 21%); profile 2: low controlled motivation (n = 55, 12%); profile 3: high external regulation (n = 47, 10%); and profile 4: moderate autonomous motivation (n = 266, 57%). After controlling for baseline PA, there were significant interactions between profile and time on daily PA (-0.21, P < .01). Profile 2 showed greater decreases in daily PA minutes over time than profile 1 (b = -0.29, P < .01). Profiles 3 and 4 did not indicate significant decreases in PA compared with profile 1 (b = 0.14, P = .31 and b = -0.16, P = .05, respectively). Contrary to previous research, individuals with lower controlled or moderate autonomous motivation demonstrated the largest decreases in PA over time, whereas individuals with higher amotivation or external regulation demonstrated smaller decreases over time. These findings suggest that external motivation may have provided short-term protection against declines in PA observed during early months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Healthier Together: Implementation and evaluation of a co-designed, culturally tailored childhood obesity community prevention program for Māori and Pacific Islander children and families.

Co-designed and culturally tailored preventive initiatives delivered in childhood have high potential to close the cross-cultural gap in health outcomes of priority populations. Māori and Pacific Islander people living in Australia exhibit a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity and higher rates of multimorbidity, including heart disease, cancer and diabetes. This mixed-methods, pilot implementation and evaluation study, aimed to evaluate the implementation of a community-based, co-designed and culturally tailored childhood obesity prevention program, using quantitative (pre-post anthropometric measurement, pre-post health behaviour questionnaire) and qualitative (semi-structured interview) methods. Sessions relating to healthy eating, physical activity and positive parenting practices were delivered to families residing in Brisbane (Australia) over 8-weeks. Data were collected from a total of 66 children (mean age 11, SD 4) and 38 parents (mean age 40, SD 8) of Māori and Pacific Islander background, from July 2018 to November 2019. Anthropometric changes included a reduction in Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score among 59% of children (median change -0.02, n = 38, p = 0.17) and BMI among 47% of adults (median change +0.06 kg/m2 , n = 18, p = 0.64). Significant improvements (p < 0.05) in self-reported health behaviours from pre- to post-program included increased vegetable consumption among children, decreased discretionary food intake of children, decreased discretionary drink consumption among both children and adults, increased minutes of daily physical activity among adults and increased parental confidence in the healthy diets of their children. Qualitative data revealed participants valued the inclusion of all family members, learning of practical skills and cultural tailoring delivered by the Multicultural Health Coaches. This study provides preliminary evidence that the Healthier Together program improved self-reported health behaviours and physical activity levels among Māori and Pacific Islander children and their families in the short-term; however, due to the small sample size, these results must be interpreted carefully. The program empowered change via cultural tailoring and accessibility; however, long-term implementation and evaluation with a larger cohort is needed to validate the observed health behaviour improvements and their sustainability. SO WHAT?: The co-design framework that informed program development and key learnings of implementation will provide guidance to health practitioners, health workers, public health professionals and policy makers to develop inclusive and pragmatic co-design solutions for priority cultural populations in Australia. Health outcomes will improve as a result, promoting health equity for future generations.

The Impact of Multiple Recesses on Limb Movement Patterns in Children: An Exploratory Study

Background: Inactivity levels among elementary-aged children are climbing at alarming rates, as only 24% participate in the recommended 60 minutes of daily physical activity. Limb movements during children’s active time are essential for heart, bone, and muscle health, setting the stage for an overall active and healthy life. School recess, defined as child-directed, outdoor play, is optimal for children to accumulate many types and repetitions of limb movements. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use the Movement Pattern Observation Tool (MPOT) to determine the impact of varying amounts of daily recess on elementary-aged children’s limb movement patterns. It was hypothesized that children who participate in 60 minutes of daily recess would accumulate significantly more limb movements and specifically, contralateral movements as they advance in grades.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study used the MPOT to observe grades K-2 children from two schools offering one twenty-minute recess daily and two schools offering four 15-minute recesses daily. The researchers observed 3,023 children’s limb movements during recess across the schools. There were 36 total observation scans completed for the four schools observed.&#x0D; Results: Children who received 60 minutes of recess maintained significantly higher activity levels and contralateral movements as they advanced by grade. Additionally, on average 96% of all children utilized unilateral, bilateral, or contralateral limb movements when observed.&#x0D; Conclusion: When given the opportunity, most children will utilize recess in a way that is beneficial for off-setting inactivity trends and is instrumental for a healthy mind-body connection as they age.

‘Ahhh it was like paradise, but inside’: children’s experiences and perceptions of a free physical activity program

ABSTRACT As most Canadian children are not attaining the recommended 60 minutes of daily physical activity, it is imperative that affordable and accessible programs are implemented to help children become more physically active. Specifically, community-based programs that are free and easy to access have shown to be advantageous for promoting beneficial health behaviours at a population level. The Grade 5 ACT-i-Pass (G5AP) is a community-based physical activity program in the mid-sized Canadian city of London, Ontario that offers free programming to all grade 5 children (ages 9–11 years) at various recreational facilities across the city. The data from 28 focus groups with past G5AP participants (n = 101) were analysed to understand the influence of the program on children’s perceived physical activity levels, and to investigate the enablers and/or barriers that children believe influenced their participation in, or access to, G5AP programming. Five distinct themes were identified during the analysis, including two themes describing participants’ perceived changes to their physical activity levels (i.e. additional physical activity opportunities, and well-being and self-efficacy), and three themes explaining enablers and/or barriers to G5AP programming (i.e. program structure and implementation, spatial accessibility of programming, and social supports and constraints). The findings from the focus groups were used to generate recommendations for current and future community-based physical activity programs as a means to improve the health and well-being of children.

Physical Activity of Middle School Students from Cluj-Napoca during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Physical activity has numerous health benefits, including better cardiorespiratory fitness, skeletal health, psychological health and reducing obesity. However, more than 80% of adolescents worldwide are not active enough, failing to meet the recommended 60 minutes of daily physical activity, and due to COVID-19 restrictions, the percentage might be even higher. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the level of physical activity and its influencing factors in a sample of 333 middle school students (mean age = 12.93, SD = 1.20) from Cluj-Napoca, Romania, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and two instruments were used to assess interest variables, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children and the Cues, Perceived Benefits and Barriers to Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results showed a low level of physical activity in our sample for both male (M = 2.76, SD = 0.76) and female (M = 2.62, SD = 0.63) adolescents. The most commonly reported cue to physical activity was “encouragement from parent(s) to exercise”, the most prevalent perceived benefit was “to stay in shape”, and the most powerful barrier was “wanting to do other things with personal time”. Conclusion: Understanding adolescents’ cues, perceived benefits and barriers to physical activity could help teachers and coaches to provide suitable programmes, and parents or peers to support adolescents. Discussion includes implications for practice and guidelines for policymakers and participants.

Findings From A Scoping Review Examining Family Dog Ownership And Youth Physical Activity Levels

Higher youth physical activity (PA) is associated with favorable health outcomes. Only one in three children meet national PA guidelines, which recommend 60 minutes of daily PA. As an estimated 48% of US households own a dog, encouraging dog walking and active play with the family dog are potential high reach strategies to increase youth PA. PURPOSE: The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the existing literature on family dog ownership and youth PA levels and identify gaps in the literature to inform future studies. METHODS: Database literature searches yielded 659, 230, and 104 results in PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus, respectively, with the following search terms: (Kids OR children OR adolescents OR youth OR families) AND (Dog OR pet) AND (Physical activity OR walking OR steps OR exercise OR obesity). Following abstract and full-text screening, 18 articles were selected for inclusion. RESULTS: A majority of studies were cross-sectional (88.9%). Study populations were adolescents (38.9%), elementary-aged (27.8%), preschool-aged (5.5%), or combined ages (27.9%). Most studies consisted of majority White, higher socioeconomic status populations (88.9%). PA measurement tools consisted of questionnaire-only (n = 10; 55.6%), questionnaire with participant accelerometers (n = 7; 38.8%), and questionnaire with participant fitness-testing (n = 1; 5.5%). Only 1 study paired self-reported dog walking data with accelerometer data to determine whether children performed moderate-to-vigorous PA during family dog walks. Of 9 studies comparing PA levels among youth with and without dogs, 77.8% reported a positive association between dog ownership and PA. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of studies investigating dog ownership and youth PA levels are cross-sectional, and suggest dog ownership is associated with higher youth PA levels. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the relationship is causal. If a causal relationship is demonstrated, initiatives that reduce family dog ownership barriers may help increase youth PA levels. Randomized trials testing interventions to increase dog-facilitated PA in youth are also needed. Finally, future studies should examine the dog ownership-PA relationship in low-income and ethnic minority youth.

Computer Science &amp; Physical Activity In Elementary Schools: MoveSmart Initial Efficacy

Schools are ideal for promoting physical activity, given the ethnic disparities in participation, yet school-based physical activity programs compete for time with academic subjects like science and math. PURPOSE: Using a Research Practitioner Partnership (RPP), we tested the initial efficacy of Project moveSMART to increase physical activity (PA) and STEM knowledge among 4th-5th graders across two Title 1 schools. The secondary aim was to reduce ethnic disparities in STEM. METHODS: moveSMART is an online application where aggregate daily PA minutes and intensity propel students on a virtual journey across the US. At waypoints, standards-based STEM learning modules are unlocked and delivered as lessons in the classroom. Data sources were pre/post accelerometer data, SOFIT, learning artifacts, and app usage. RESULTS: Over 2 years, 290 elementary students (83% Hispanic; 9% non-Hispanic White, 8% non-Hispanic Black) participated. Classroom PA significantly increased by 10 minutes (SOFIT = Mpre = 2.01 ± 0.15, Mpost = 3.45 ± 0.43, p < .05). Total MVPA accelerometer data was significantly higher (Mpre = 9.7% ± 5.61%, Mpost = 39.3% ± 3.44%; p < .01). Active classrooms had significantly more PA check-ins per week (M1 = 4.01 ± 0.15, M2 = 1.02 ± 0.52). STARR test scores in STEM increased by 9%, and 83% of students used scratch coding to build accelerometers. Hispanic students had the greatest gains in PA (13%) and STARR testing (9%). CONCLUSION: Elementary students using scratch code to build accelerometers for collecting and interpreting data as citizen scientists led to increased PA minute/day and STEM knowledge. Facilitated learning through virtual applications has the potential to change behavior. When COVID reduced PA, moveSMART kept children moving!

P02-10 Irish primary school teacher's perceptions and practices of physical education provision

BackgroundPrimary school physical education (PE) is critical for the development of skills that are essential for lifelong participation in physical activity (PA). Despite this, PE provision in Irish schools is inconsistent, while just 17% of Irish children currently achieve the recommended 60 minutes of daily PA. PE exposes children to regular, developmentally appropriate PA and teachers are essential in ensuring high quality PE is provided. This study aims to examine the perceptions and practises related to PE amongst Irish primary school teachers.MethodsA survey was developed and validated using a modified Delphi technique and included 57 questions to examine Irish primary school teachers current teaching practices and supports needed to enhance their PE provision. A link to the survey was emailed to all Irish primary schools and shared on social media. SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis.ResultsOf the 473 respondents, 84.4% were female, 15.2% male and 0.4% didn't say (median age=34 (IQR=12)). Respondents indicated PE is timetabled (90.7%) and taught weekly (97%) in most schools. Time allocated for PE is used for other subjects in 35.9% of cases. Respectively, 40.8% and 52.4% of respondents indicated they never plan for or reflect on their teaching of PE. Just 57.1% of respondents indicated sufficient facilities, while 46.3% believe their equipment is insufficient. Approximately half (45.5%) have undertaken continuous professional development, citing a lack of courses offered, time and other priorities as barriers to undertaking additional training. Teachers cited their own lack of competence and confidence to teach PE as reasons why they would welcome engagement from a specialist PE teacher for certain strands (32.3%) or as a general support in PE (24.1%).ConclusionAlthough the vast majority of primary school teachers deliver PE on a weekly basis, these findings suggest teachers require additional supports to assist in their provision of PE. Novel approaches, such as the engagement of specialist PE teachers to support delivery in primary schools, are required to improve PE for Irish youths.

P01-04 The importance of local organizational and leadership capacity to support Danish school heads in the implementation of a national physical activity school requirement

BackgroundRegular physical activity (PA) strengthens both the physical, psychological and social health in children and young people. Furthermore, research show that PA is beneficial for academic related outcomes. In 2014, the Danish government introduced a wide-ranging reform of primary and lower secondary education that applied to all public schools. A distinctive feature was that it became mandatory for schools to deliver an average of 45 minutes of daily PA. Local school heads and the school's capacity for change is considered key to deliver such a policy-driven requirement. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore the ability of schools to implement the stated requirement of 45 minutes of daily PA. There is special focus on the role and impact of leadership by school heads.MethodsEleven semi-structured interviews were conducted across eleven Danish schools. Respondents were school staff with management responsibilities (leading teachers with managerial duties, deputy heads and school heads). Thematic analyses were performed, focusing on factors relating to local organizational and leadership capacity.ResultsThree main factors were found to support the local leader's ability to the implement the mandatory daily PA: i) local school culture, values, and norms; ii) staff skillset and school resources; iii) existing work routines and systems.ConclusionResults indicate that local school heads are central in converting the Danish school requirement of 45 minutes of daily PA into local action. Future PA programs could benefit from focusing specifically on engaging school heads, as they can both help advance broad ambitions into concrete goals, secure supportive structures and organize the implementation strategy within the local setting. In connection with this heads must be able to rely on sufficient organizational ad administrative components to ensure quality delivery. This entails building sufficient competencies among relevant staff groups on, for instance, how to incorporate PA in daily practice as well as allocate work hours for further development of such practices. Also, assigning a local PA ambassadors is highlighted as an important implementation factor. The ambassadors can help build and disseminate knowledge and support the school head's strategy and prioritization in relation to school-based PA.

Abstract EP16: High Area Level Public Transportation Associated With Increased Body Mass Index In High School And Male Adolescents

Overweight and obesity rates increased dramatically among United States youth from 1999-2016, particularly among adolescents. Promoting physical activity can reduce youth obesity rates, particularly among overweight adolescents, most of whom do not meet guidelines for at least 60 minutes of daily physical activity. Neighborhood public transportation usage is an important environmental factor that has potential to impact adolescent physical activity. We examined the association between neighborhood public transportation usage and adolescent body mass index (BMI) drawing from the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) study, a cross-sectional national survey conducted in 2014 that assessed cancer preventative behaviors, including physical activity and diet, among adolescents (aged 12-17 years, n=1,737) and their parents. We used linear regression models to test the moderating effects of age, sex, and socioeconomic status and the mediating effect of physical activity on the association between neighborhood public transportation usage and adolescent BMI. The analytic sample included 357 adolescents of middle school (44%) and high school (56%) ages evenly distributed by sex (51% female) with 39% of the sample below 200% of the Federal Poverty Line. On average, adolescents had a BMI percent of the 95 th percentile of 81.77 (17.09) or 22.24 (4.67) BMI and self-reported 71 daily (out-of-school) moderate-to-vigorous activity minutes. While we found no overall association between neighborhood public transportation usage and BMI, we found that low neighborhood public transportation is associated with increased BMI among high school (14% (95% CI 5.72, 21.41)) and male (7.16 (95% CI -13.41, -0.91)) adolescents respectively. We also found that physical activity does not mediate the effect of neighborhood public transportation usage on adolescent BMI. Our findings suggest that our adult reported public transportation measure could be pointing to neighborhood factors, such as poverty or crime, that affect the association between neighborhood public transit and adolescent BMI. Our findings help inform future research on the dynamic relationships between individual and social environmental factors that impact adolescent physical activity.

Family Dog Ownership and Youth Physical Activity Levels: A Scoping Review.

Higher youth physical activity (PA) is associated with favorable health outcomes. The PA Guidelines for Americans recommend school-aged children complete at least 60 minutes of daily PA. Only one in three children meet these guidelines. Dog walking and play are potential strategies to increase youth PA. This scoping review summarizes the existing literature on familial dog ownership and youth PA levels and identifies gaps in the literature to inform future studies. Of nine studies that compared PA levels among youth with and without dogs, 77.8% reported a positive association between dog ownership and PA. The majority of studies investigating dog ownership and youth PA are cross-sectional and suggest dog ownership is associated with increased youth PA. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the relationship is causal. Interventions to increase dog-facilitated PA in youth also are needed. Future studies should examine the dog ownership-PA relationship in low-income and minority youth.

Examining the day-level impact of physical activity on affect during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: An ecological momentary assessment study

Engaging in physical activity (PA) may be a promising approach to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related restrictions on daily affect. The study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine the within-subject associations of day-level PA with same-day evening affect. Interactions between daily PA and overall stress related to COVID-19 predicting evening affect were also examined. Adults living in the U.S. (N = 157, Mage = 31.7, 84.1% female) participated in a 28-day smartphone-based EMA study during the early months of the pandemic (April–June 2020). Evening EMA surveys assessed daily PA minutes, momentary positive activated and deactivated affect, and momentary negative activated and deactivated affect. An online questionnaire assessed demographics. Multi-level linear regression models assessed day-level associations between PA and evening affect, controlling for age, sex, income, body mass index, employment status, and morning affect. There were N = 2409 person-days in the analysis. Baseline COVID-19 stress was not associated with daily PA minutes (p = .09) or positive-activated affect (p = .14), but was associated with lower positive-deactivated affect (p < .001) and greater negative-activated and negative-deactivated affect (ps < .001) in the evenings. On days when individuals reported more PA than usual, they reported greater positive-activated and positive-deactivated affect, and lower negative-activated and negative-deactivated affect in the evening (ps < .001). The interaction of day-level PA and COVID-19 stress predicting evening positive-activated, positive-deactivated, negative-activated, and negative-deactivated affect was not significant (ps > .05). During the early months of the pandemic, adults experienced improved evening affect on days when they engaged in more PA. However, data did not show that PA counteracts detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on evening affect. Public health efforts should strategically promote and address barriers to PA during the pandemic.

Subjective Daily Physical Activity Measures in Heart Disease: A Systematic Review.

The measurement of daily physical activity (DPA) is important for the prognosis and quantifying clinical outcomes in individuals with heart disease. The measurement of DPA is more feasible using subjective measures when compared with objective measures. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to identify the subjective measures of DPA that have established reliability and validity in individuals with heart disease to assist clinician and researcher instrument selection. A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and ProQuest databases was performed. Methodological rigor was assessed using 3 different quality appraisal tools. Qualitative synthesis of included studies was performed. Twenty-two unique studies covering 19 subjective DPA measures were ultimately included. Methodological rigor was generally fair, and validity coefficients were moderate at best. Only 4 subjective measures that have established test-retest reliability and that provide an estimate of energy expenditure, metabolic equivalents, or minutes of DPA were compared against accelerometry or a DPA diary in patients with heart disease: SWISS Physical Activity Questionnaire, Total Activity Measure 1 and 2, and Mobile Physical Activity Logger. Depending on the clinician or researcher needs, instrument selection would depend on the recall period and the DPA construct being measured.

Caracterização do Turista de Levadas, Veredas e Btt no Parque Natural da Madeira

This study characterizes the tourist who performs Mountain Bike (BTT) activities and walks in Levadas (G1) and Veredas (G2) in Madeira Natural Park. Through a survey, we collected 449 surveys from participants from 21 different nationalities. The sample was characterized (mean, standard deviation and percentage), the association between variables was tested (Chi-Square) and the differences between groups (Anova to one factor) according to the practiced activity (Post Hoc, Bonferrioni). G1 (41.5 ± 16.1 years) and G2 (42.9 ± 16.1 years) present a higher average age than BTT (36.73 ± 9.0 years); more women participated in G2 (58%) and G1 (56.8%) activities and more men in BTT (92.2%); the sample is mostly composed by foreign tourists (G1-73.4%; G2-82.3% and BTT-96.1%). In general, the sample is mostly active (between 67.5% to 89.5%), with higher education (54.1%) and performs regular physical activity (86.4%). 80.6% performs at least thirty minutes of daily physical activity. BTT practitioners are more involved in organized physical activity (98%), presenting a lower risk factor (3.9%) (USDHHS, 2018) and higher values of weekly physical activity (8.6 ± 4.9 hours), compared to G1 and G2. These data will allow address the offer to specific groups of tourists and to develop safety standards. It is necessary to deepen the study, expanding the sample and the number of routes in Levadas, paths and BTT.

The role of the motivational climate in female engagement in secondary school physical education: a dual study investigation

ABSTRACT This qualitative dual study paper explores girls’ engagement in secondary school physical education (PE). Girls’ engagement in PE has been at the forefront of changes to the PE curriculum in the UK, after global statistics show only 15% of teenage girls meet the guideline of 60 minutes of daily physical activity. Focus groups with 73 students (N = 30 girls and 43 boys) were conducted across four schools in the UK. Data were thematically analysed. Results suggest girls perceive teacher and peer-created performance motivational climates within their lessons. Students specifically indicated a dislike of being watched by those of better ability (boys and girls), gender stereotypes, and enjoyment as factors influencing their motivation to engage in PE. As a result, we suggest schools engage in an intervention to enable peers and teachers to create a mastery-focused motivational climate and classes be set by ability for non-contact sport.

Association Between Brain Volumes and Patterns of Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Larger brain volumes are often associated with more free-living physical activity (PA) in cognitively normal older adults. Yet, whether greater brain volumes are associated with more favorable (less fragmented) PA patterns, and whether this association is stronger than with total PA, remains unknown. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and wrist-worn accelerometer data were collected in 301 participants (mean age = 77 [SD = 7] years, 59% women) enrolled in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Linear regression models were fit to examine whether brain volumes (cc) were cross-sectionally associated with: (a) total daily PA minutes and (b) activity fragmentation (mean number of PA bouts / total PA minutes × 100). Sensitivity analyses were conducted by adjusting for counterpart PA variables (eg, fragmentation covariate included in the PA minutes model). Greater white matter volumes in the parietal and temporal lobes were associated with higher daily PA minutes (2.6 [SE = 1.0] and 3.8 [0.9] min/day, respectively; p < .009 for both) after adjusting for demographics, behavioral factors, medical conditions, gait speed, apolipoprotein E e4 status, and intracranial volume. Greater temporal white matter volume was associated with lower fragmentation (-0.16% [0.05], p = .003). In sensitivity analyses, observed associations between brain volumes and daily PA minutes remained significant while associations with fragmentation no longer remained significant. Our results suggest white matter brain structure in cognitively normal older adults is associated with the total amount of PA and, to a lesser extent, the PA accumulation patterns. More work is needed to elucidate the longitudinal relationship between brain structure and function and PA patterns with aging.

Effects of eHealth interventions on physical activity and weight among pregnant and postpartum women and the sociodemographic characteristics of study populations: a systematic review protocol.

The objective of this review is to evaluate the impact of electronic health (eHealth) interventions on physical activity and weight changes among pregnant and/or postpartum populations and to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of the study populations. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends 20 minutes of daily physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum. Few pregnant women are physically active and among those who are, physical activity levels decline as pregnancy progresses and during postpartum. Behavioral eHealth interventions offer convenient and frequent accessibility at low cost and high reach. A search of the extant literature including PROSPERO, MEDLINE (PubMed), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports revealed no published or in-progress reviews examining eHealth physical activity interventions among pregnant and/or postpartum populations. Studies of eHealth interventions including pregnant and/or within one-year postpartum populations will be included. This review will be conducted in accordance with JBI methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness. The search strategy will aim to locate studies from the inception of each database. Citations will be collated, and duplicates removed. Titles and abstracts will be screened for eligibility against the inclusion criteria and relevant studies retrieved. Included studies will be appraised for methodological quality using JBI standardized critical appraisal instruments. Extracted data will include study methods, intervention design and outcomes (physical activity, weight, participant sociodemographic characteristics). The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach for grading the certainty of evidence will be followed. PROSPERO CRD42020124611.