Activities Of Daily Living Research Articles

Association of walking and activities of daily living with muscle thickness of the trunk and lower extremity muscles in children with down syndrome

ABSTRACT Purpose We examined the association of walking and activities of daily living(ADL) with trunk and lower extremity muscle thickness in children with Down syndrome (DS). Methods 27 children with DS participated in this study. Walking was assessed using measurements of the maximal walking speed and step length, while ADL was assessed using the Pediatric Evaluation of DisabilityInventory (PEDI). The thickness of the trunk and lower extremity muscles was measured using an ultrasound imaging device. Results The peroneus brevis muscle thickness was a significant and independent factor associated with step length. The tibialis posterior muscle thickness was significant and independent factor of self-care. The thickness of the soleus and tibialis posterior muscles were significant and independent factors of mobility. Finally, the soleus muscle thickness was a significant and independent factor of social function in PEDI. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that future clinical work should focus on the function of the plantar flexor muscles in walking and ADL in children with DS.

Effect of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training on respiratory function and decannulation outcome in patients with tracheostomy after stroke: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Background This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of inspiratory and expiratory muscle training (IEMT) for patients who underwent tracheostomy after stroke. Methods The study was an investigator-initiated, single-center, two-arm, evaluator-blinded, randomized clinical trial conducted at West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China, from January 2022 to June 2022. The patients were randomly divided into the intervention group and control group. Patients in both groups received conventional clinical, rehabilitation treatment and usual care. The intervention group also received IEMT for three weeks. There were three primary outcomes including maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP, cmH2O), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP, cmH2O) and decannulation outcome after intervention (n, %). The secondary outcomes were other respiratory function outcomes, motor function, activities of daily living (ADL), quality of life (QoL) and the new pulmonary infection rate after the intervention at three weeks. Results A total of 50 participants were enrolled [25 in each group; 39 (78%) were men; mean (SD) age, 55.94 (11.97) years]. At three weeks, significant differences were found in the MIP [control vs IEMT: 39.04 (6.21) vs 56.28 (10.41), p < 0.001]; MEP [43.48 (5.36) vs 62.16 (10.18), p < 0.001], and tracheal tube extraction success rate [2 (8%) vs 9 (36%), p = 0.019] between the two groups. In addition, the new pulmonary infection rate in the intervention groups were significantly different (all p < 0.05) from those in the control group. Conclusions IEMT can improve respiratory function, decannulation outcome, among patients with tracheostomy after stroke.

Ambulatory autonomic nervous system activity in relation to hearing impairment.

Previous research has demonstrated that hearing impairment is associated with heightened subjective experiences of listening effort, fatigue, and stress, impacting daily functioning. This study aimed to evaluate whether hearing impairment alters physiological stress systems and whether different aspects of hearing impairment could vary in predicting dysregulation in these systems. Hallmark measures of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system activity were derived from electrocardiography, impedance cardiography, and electrodermal activity recordings taken from 133 individuals, aged 37 to 73, over two 24-hr periods, including sleep. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), participants reported mood, listening effort, and fatigue seven times daily. Hearing impairment was quantified through pure tone thresholds, speech perception in noise testing, and the Amsterdam Inventory for Auditory Disability questionnaire (Amsterdam Inventory). Using mixed models, we compared average daytime and sleep values of physiological measures across the 2 days, and their daytime-to-sleep contrast, based on each hearing impairment assessment. Results indicated that all three hearing impairment assessments were strong predictors of EMA outcomes of listening effort and fatigue. Contrary to expectations, hearing impairment did not have a significant impact on parasympathetic activity in daily life or on skin sympathetic activity. However, individuals with higher impairment exhibited a larger change in a cardiac sympathetic measure, the pre-ejection period, during wakefulness compared to sleep. Overall, hearing impairment had a small impact on autonomic nervous system functioning in daily life, but the effects were potentially attenuated by reduced exposure to listening demand in those with hearing impairment.

Associations of neighbourhood food retail with disability and death in older adults: Cardiovascular Health Study

BackgroundA healthier diet is associated with lower chronic disease burden, but the impact of neighbourhood food environments on disability and death in older adults is not known.MethodsIn the Cardiovascular Health...

Older adults’ reasons for applying to a nursing home – a document analysis

Background Ageing in place is the social norm in Sweden, yet older adults apply for a nursing home on a daily basis which suggests that ageing in place needs further study as it is not suitable for everyone. Aim: to study descriptions of older adults’ reasons for applying to a nursing home in documents of granted nursing home decisions. Materials and methods One hundred and sixty decisions were analyzed through document analysis with a deductive content analysis using the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance-Engagement (CMOP-E) as a framework. Results Reasons for applying were represented in the three factors of the CMOP-E. In personal factors, reason for applying was e.g. connected to severe anxiety. In environmental factors, family culture had an influence in the application. In occupational factors, the ability to perform self-care and mobility greatly affected decisions to apply to nursing homes. Conclusion Descriptions of the older adults’ activities in daily life were limited. If OTs were further involved in nursing home applications, adults ageing in place could be better supported and a move to a nursing home may be prevented. Significance: this study contributes to the understanding of why older adults chose to apply to a nursing home.

Usefulness of simplified comprehensive geriatric assessment as a pre-ERCP screening for the elderly.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is often performed in elderly patients for stone removal and biliary drainage following common bile duct stones or malignant biliary obstruction. Safety in ERCP should be considered in elderly patients due to complications and decreased activities of daily living (ADL), but there are no adequate pretest evaluation criteria. In recent years, the usefulness of the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) for planning treatment and predicting prognosis has been reported. We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who underwent ERCP at our institution between October 2021 and June 2023. The relationship between CGA and ERCP outcomes was examined by dividing CGA scores into three groups (Group A; score 0, Group B; score 1-4, Group C; score 5-7) among patients 65 years of age and older. Risk factors for prolonged hospitalization were identified using univariate and multivariate analysis. Of the 388 patients, 290 were 65 or older with a CGA score. The median length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the higher CGA7 scores group (5 vs. 8 vs. 15 days, p < .01). There was no significant difference in the rate of adverse events (p = .54) and median total procedure time (p = .35). In univariate and multivariate analysis, higher CGA score groups were significant risk factors for a prolonged hospital stay. CGA appears to be a valuable tool for preadmission screening in elderly patients undergoing ERCP.

Predicting independent walking ability using the Simplified Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement, Berg Balance Scale, and Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living in individuals post-stroke: an observational preliminary study

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to determine cut scores to predict independent ambulation for the Simplified Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (S-STREAM), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Barthel Index (BI) for Activities of Daily Living for patients with time after stroke up to 1 year. The study’s second goal was to establish statistical dependence between the tests the S-STREAM, BBS, BI, and the Functional Ambulation Category (FAC).MethodsCohort observational retrospective pilot study by design. Twenty-four people who suffered a stroke within the past year were enrolled in the study. The FAC was used to classify patients into independent walking and non-walking groups (scores 0–2 are non-walking patients, scores 4–5 are independent walking patients). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for the S-STREAM, BBS, BI selected according to the multiple logistic regression analysis with dichotomy on groups independent walking patients and not.ResultsROC analysis of scores at admission were used to determine cut scores for the independent waking ability for each of the listed measures. The cut score for S-STREAM was 19 points, for BBS was 27 points and for BI was 65 points. Based on this analysis it appears there is sufficient evidence to conclude a significant linear relationship between all tests the S-STREAM, BBS, BI, and FAC.ConclusionsIn patients who were ambulators, less than one year post stroke, this pilot study established a cut score for standardized assessment tools S-STREAM, BBS, BI for Activities of Daily Living.

Action observation treatment may improve daily living activities and verb recovery in Parkinson’s disease-dementia: findings from a preliminary randomized controlled trial

Background and objectivesAction observation treatment (AOT) is a novel rehabilitation approach aimed to the recovery of both motor and linguistic deficits in subjects with brain lesions. The aim of the present randomized controlled study was to assess the benefits of AOT treatment in the activities of daily living (ADLs) and in the linguistic abilities of the patients with Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) at mild–moderate stage (Hoehn &amp;amp; Yahr’s stage scale: 2–3).MethodsTwenty patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to an experimental group (submitted to AOT) or to a control group. The experimental group (AOT-group) underwent the vision of a video containing 6 complex ADLs, while the control group (C-group) was subjected to a video-clip regarding semantic information of a geographical-naturalistic type without motor content. The treatment duration was 4 weeks. All patients underwent assessment before and after the treatment by the following tools: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS-Part III), Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADCS-ADL), Direct Assessment of Functional Status (DAFS) and subtest Verb Naming of Analysis of Aphasic Deficit Battery (BADA). Paired samples t test was performed to compare all the variables of interest in the time, dividing by groups. p-value&amp;lt;0.05 was considered significant in all analyses.ResultsAOT-group showed an improvement from baseline to the end of study in ADCS-ADL (p = 0.001), BADA (p = 0.011) and DAFS (p = 0.005), while C-group did not change significantly in the time.ConclusionThese preliminary results suggest the potential efficacy of AOT in rehabilitation of ADLs and verb retrieval in people with PD. Further studies will be necessary to verify these findings.

Proxy medical decision-making: national survey

ObjectivesPopulation ageing and increased care needs lead to adults making consequential medical decisions for others, potentially impacting treatment and end of life. We aim to describe the prevalence of medical...

The influence of middle-aged and older adults’ social capital and education on physical function: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

BackgroundPopulation aging is a major global trend with significant social, economic, and health implications. In China, the increasing aging population presents challenges, including increased chronic diseases and disabilities. Social capital has emerged as vital in determining health outcomes for middle-aged and older adults. This study seeks to examine the impact of social capital and educational attainment on physical functioning in middle-aged and older adults, with particular emphasis on the moderating effect of education within this relationship.MethodsThis study utilized data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from 2018 to 2020, involving 9,497 participants aged 45 and older. Physical function was assessed using the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales. Social capital was measured in four dimensions: social trust, social support, social participation, and reciprocity. Educational attainment was categorized into four levels: below primary school, primary school, middle school, and high school or above. Cox proportional hazards regression and moderating effect models were used for data analysis, adjusting for demographic and health-related variables.ResultsOur findings highlight the significant roles of social participation (aHR = 0.856, 95%CI: 0.675–0.809) and reciprocity (aHR = 0.700, 95%CI: 0.626–0.784) in improving physical function. Education enhanced the positive effects of social participation (aHR = 0.923, 95%CI: 0.840–0.980). Subgroup analyses showed that social support was a protective factor for females (aHR = 0.857, 95% CI: 0.737–0.998), while social trust negatively affected urban residents (aHR = 1.330, 95%CI: 1.135–1.560).ConclusionThe findings underscore the importance of social participation, reciprocity, and education in enhancing physical function among middle-aged and older adults. Tailored interventions addressing gender and residential differences are essential to meet the unique needs of various subgroups. Understanding the relationship between social capital, education, and health can inform strategies to improve this population’s well-being.

Family resilience and social support as mediators of caregiver burden and capacity in stroke caregivers: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionCaring for stroke survivors poses significant challenges to survivors and caregivers; understanding these relationships can inform targeted interventions and support systems.AimThis study investigates the influencing factors of caregiver burden and the potential mediating roles of family resilience and perceived social support between caregiver burden and caregiver capacity.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study.MethodsThe participants in this study included 462 stroke survivors and their primary caregivers from Ningbo Lihuili Hospital in Zhejiang Province, China. Primary caregivers completed several assessments, including the Shortened Chinese Version of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZCBI), and the Family Caregiver Task Inventory (FCTI). The ZCBI was used to evaluate caregiver burden, while the activities of daily living (ADL) were assessed for stroke survivors to measure their actual level of dependence. The mediating effect of family resilience was estimated using the bootstrap method through Jamovi version 2.3.0 with the mediation plug-in, while controlling for sociodemographic variables.ResultsThe results showed that caregiver burden was influenced by stroke survivors’ level of dependence on activities of daily living (ADL), caregiver education level, caregiver health status, and average daily care time. The family resilience mediated the relationship between caregiver burden and caregiver capacity (b = 0.141; 95% confidence interval: 0.091 to 0.176). Additionally, perceived social support mediated the relationship between caregiver burden and caregiver capacity (b = 0.080; 95% confidence interval: 0.041 to 0.110).ConclusionThese findings indicate that enhancing family resilience and perceived social support can be strategies for alleviating caregiver burden. Clinical practitioners should actively assess the family resilience and social support of stroke survivors, and implement interventions that promote resilience and strengthen social support, thereby reducing caregiver burden and improving the health outcomes of stroke survivors.

Personalized diet order compliance is associated with an improved functional independence measure (FIM) score in elderly patients: An eight-week follow-up study in a convalescent hospital.

It is important to establish the relationship between appropriate nutritional intake and improvements in activities of daily living (ADLs) in elderly hospitalized patients. This prospective observational study aimed to investigate diet order compliance (DOC) during 8 weeks of hospitalization and calculate the odds of improved functional independence measure (FIM) scores for high- and low-DOC groups using covariate-adjusted models in geriatric convalescent hospitals. The study subjects were elderly inpatients (>65 years old) with degenerative disease who consumed prescribed oral meals (Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) = 6/7) and who did not receive physical/occupational therapy. The personalized diet order was prescript, and the DOC was calculated using dietitian-monitored daily intake data. The 73 patients were divided into a low-DOC group (< 84.0%, n = 35) and a high-DOC group (≥ 84.0%, n = 38) on the basis of the median DOC (84.0%, average for 8 weeks). Twenty (52.6%) high-DOC patients and nine (25.7%) low-DOC patients experienced motor-FIM improvements (P = 0.017). After 8 weeks, the change in motor-FIM in the high-DOC group (1.6±0.3) was greater than that in the low-DOC group (0.3±0.1; P = 0.001). According to the baseline and nutrition-intake-adjusted model of multiple logistic regression analysis, in the high-DOC group, the motor-FIM improvement OR was 5.102 (95% CI: 1.100-16.233, P = 0.036), and the total-FIM improvement OR was 5.273 (95% CI: 1.102-25.238, P = 0.037). High compliance with individualized nutritional prescriptions can increase FIM scores in clinical settings. Thus, comprehensive approaches to increase dietary compliance are needed for elderly long-term care patients.

Seating and Mobility Concerns of Adults with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Background: Appropriate wheelchair and seating systems are key to allow for the participation of people with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. There is little research that focuses on their long-term seating issues and what topics they want studied. Methods: This mixed-method study with adults with Duchenne used an Internet-based survey about wheelchair mobility and discomfort, followed by in-depth interviews. Unanticipated remarks in the interviews led to a second survey regarding the effects of cold weather on wheelchair driving. Descriptive and qualitative analyses were performed. Results: Thirty-seven individuals completed the original survey: 78% used a powered wheelchair, 58% were uncomfortable in their wheelchair, and 94% felt the need to change their seating position. In-depth interviews (N = 9) revealed three themes: seating and pain management, caregiver cooperation, and temperature sensitivity. Almost all (8/9) interviewees explained that cold was a barrier to their participation. In the second survey (N = 13), 11 reported that cold affected their driving, with 10 remarking that it prevented them from participating in daily life activities and 11 stating that the effects of cold on wheelchair driving should be studied. Conclusions: It is essential to ask end-users to identify key issues to ensure the relevance of research to people with disabilities.

Persistent symptoms, exacerbations and drug side effects despite treatment in myasthenia gravis.

Generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) is characterized by fluctuating muscle weakness. Exacerbation frequency, adverse events (AEs) related to immunosuppressant therapy and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) are not well understood. Our study aimed to describe long-term clinical outcomes, drug-related AEs and estimated HCRU in gMG patients. This was a retrospective cohort analysis of clinical data from patients with gMG followed-up over eight consecutive years in a Spanish referral unit. Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) clinical classification, MGFA post-interventional status (MGFA-PIS), Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) score, exacerbations, MG crises, therapies, AEs reported, specialist consultations and emergency room visits were studied biannually. An estimation of HRCU was made based on these data. Some 220 patients newly diagnosed with gMG were included. Ninety percent were seropositive (84.5% anti-acetylcholine receptor [AChR], 5.9% anti-muscle-specific kinase [MuSK]). Baseline mean MG-ADL score was 5.04 points (SD 3.17), improving to 0.7 points (SD 1.40) after 8 years. Exacerbations were more frequent in years 1-2 (30.1%) but still occurred in years 7-8 (20.2%). Myasthenic crisis frequency remained 1% in years 7-8. Eighty-nine percent achieved MGFA-PIS minimal manifestations or better at 8 years. Fifty-one percent of patients reported at least one AE during the study period, leading to drug withdrawal in approximately 20% of cases. HCRU decreased between years 1-2 to years 7-8 with an estimated cost of MG from 8074.19 € per patient/year to 1679.46 €, respectively. There is a group of MG patients that suffers from persistent symptoms and exacerbations (11%-20%) or MG crises, and drug AEs, which may increase disease burden and impact on the healthcare system.

Management of atraumatic chin-on-chest deformity in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: illustrative case.

Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are commonly managed by multidisciplinary oncology teams in concordance with the neurological, oncological, mechanical, and systematic decision framework. Surgery is indicated for mechanical instability and/or neurological deficits. In neurologically intact and mechanically stable patients, chemo- and radiotherapy alone are often the mainstay treatment. A 66-year-old male patient presented with a kyphotic chin-on-chest deformity due to undiagnosed spinal MM. He experienced progressive neck pain and difficulty with activities of daily living (ADLs). Imaging revealed systematic bony element destruction and burst deformities at T1-2 with cervicothoracic central canal stenosis. Due to his disease burden and neurological preservation, spinal alignment was initially achieved via halo traction and immobilization, allowing him to begin systemic therapy almost immediately after diagnosis and improving vertebral bone density and construct integrity prior to surgery. He underwent C2-T10 decompression and instrumented fusion with cement augmentation. At 12 months postoperatively, the patient reported improvement in symptomology and ADLs without radiographic evidence of hardware failure or spinal instability. Spinal MM with instability can be successfully managed with gradual deformity realignment and external orthosis before surgery in a neurologically intact patient with a significant disease burden. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE2441.

Design and development of knee rehabilitation robot

This research presents a comprehensive design and analysis of a knee rehabilitation platform aimed at aiding individuals with knee dysfunction. Dysfunction in the knee joint can lead to an imbalance in gait and posture during activities of daily living (ADLs) such as standing, walking, and running. This study focuses on developing a 2-degree-of-freedom (2-DoF) knee rehabilitation device capable of mimicking linear and angular movements. A slider mechanism-based knee rehabilitation device is developed and simulated alongside various other mechanisms. The proposed mechanism achieves 32.5° of flexion for a linear movement of 0.45 m within 6 seconds, outperforming other mechanisms. To validate simulation results, a 3D-printed model is fabricated, and experimental studies are conducted under no-load conditions, showing close alignment with simulation outcomes with a deviation of ±5%. The device’s key features include portability, compliance, compactness, and enhanced stiffness. Future research will involve conducting pilot studies to further evaluate the practical efficacy and potential enhancements of the proposed knee rehabilitation platform.

Factors Associated with Occupational Performance in Older People with Stroke

Objectives: Occupational performance occurs in a dynamic interaction between the people, their occupations, and context. Stroke could affect the individual’s occupational performance, which is the basis of social life. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting stroke patients’ occupational performance. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 55 people with stroke participated. The patients completed the Canadian occupational performance measure (COPM), Barthel index, Brunnstrom stage, Montreal cognitive assessment, and a demographic questionnaire. Results: The results showed a significant correlation between occupational satisfaction and performance with cognition, the activities of daily living (ADL), and the severity of impairment in the upper and lower extremities (P &lt;0.01). The results of linear regression show that cognition level could significantly predict occupational performance (R= 0.83, P &lt;0.01) and satisfaction (R= 0.81, P &lt;0.01) after stroke. Discussion: Results show that the cognitive level could predict occupational performance in patients with stroke. Performing daily living activities and lower limb impairment could predict satisfaction with occupational performance. Therefore, it is recommended that therapists consider the cognition in stroke patients through a proper therapeutic plan to prevent participation restrictions.

Depressive syndrome, cognitive impairment, and associated factors among community-dwelling aged persons in Cameroon.

Background: Depressive syndrome (DS) and cognitive impairment (CI) are associated with unsuccessful aging. However, little is known about Cameroon. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with DS and CI among older adults in Cameroon. Methods: A representative sample of 599 individuals aged ≥ 60 years was selected for this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic and health data were also collected. DS and CI were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), respectively. The Rosow Mobility Scale, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales were used to evaluate functional abilities. Chi-2, ANOVA, and multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the factors associated with DS and CI. The threshold of statistical significance was 5%. Results: The average age was 68.9±7.2 years, sex ratio M/F=0.93, and weight 68.5±14.7 kg. DS affected 14.5% of the population and the CI was 21.4%. In the multivariate analysis, DS was positively associated with male gender (Odds Ratio (OR)=1.7 [95% Confidence Interval (CI):1.1-2.7], p=0.031) and inactivity (OR=1.7 [95% CI:1.0-3.0], p=0.043). CI was positively associated with lack of education (OR=6.5 [95% CI:3.5-12.2], p<0.001), inactivity (OR=5.3 [95% CI:1.6-17.9], p=0.008), single (OR=3.7 [95% CI:1.2-11.3], p=0.023), and widowhood (OR=3.3 [95% CI:1.6-6.5], p=0.001), and negatively associated with no IADL (OR=0.3 [95% CI:0.2-0.6], p=0.001) and ADL disability (OR=0.5 [95% CI:0.2-0.9], p=0.032) limitations. Conclusions: The associated factors suggest that it might be of interest to fight inactivity and encourage early and long-term education to prevent DS and/or CI among older adults.

The Impact of Multisensory Integration Approach in Enhancing the Quality of Daily life Activities for children with Cerebral Palsy

The Impact of Multisensory Integration Approach in Enhancing the Quality of Daily life Activities for children with Cerebral Palsy

Applied Sunnah During Hot Weather And Rainy Season: The Philosophy Of Faith And Mitigation Measures

The Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) encompasses various aspects of life. This paper aims to elevate the role of the Sunnah as a source of knowledge, while also applying it as a guide for life. The Sunnah guidance during hot weather and rainy season is among the important practices should be applied to gain the promising rewards for following the Sunnah, and also to provide benefits for daily life activities. This paper, based on thematic hadith research, gathers several hadiths related to the chosen topic, using the dorar.net/hadith application. This application was chosen because its credibility and authenticity have been proven through studies at the higher education level. All collected hadiths are ensured to be authentic, either classified as sahih or at least hasan in which are accepted as sharia evidence in Islamic law. If there is a difference of opinion among hadith scholars regarding the status of a hadith, prioritization will be made based on hadith methodology. The Arabic text of the hadith is included to receive blessings and for personal reflection. If the hadith text is long and contains various issues, the focus will only be on the desired issue from the sub-topic provided, without addressing other issues. The study found that the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) related to hot weather and rain is highly significant, comprehensive, and suitable to be applied in human life. The Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) teaches humans to be aware and have faith in Allah (S.W.T.), in His power and to believe in the unseen, the Angels, and the Day of Judgment. Additionally, the application of the Sunnah, such as seeking shade, pouring water over the head, drinking cold beverages, avoiding crowds, and keeping oneself clean and fragrant, are very practical mitigation steps to reduce the negative effects of extreme heat. Meanwhile, the Sunnah's application in fostering awe toward natural phenomena, allowing raindrops to touch the body, praying, performing salah, expressing gratitude, not complaining, and avoiding superstitious beliefs reflects a deep sense of dependence on Allah (S.W.T.) and is very practical for spiritual aspects.