Daily Dairy Research Articles

The role of perceived negative partner behavior in daily snacking behavior: A dynamical systems approach

Past work suggested that psychological stress, especially in the context of relationship stress, is associated with increased consumption of energy-dense food and when maintained for long periods of time, leads to adverse health consequences. Furthermore, this association is moderated by a variety of factors, including emotional over-eating style. That being said, few work utilized a dynamical system approach to understand the intraindividual and interindividual fluctuations within this process. The current study utilized a 14-day daily diary study, collected between January–March 2020, where participants reported their partner's negative relationship behavior and their own snacking behavior. A differential equation model was applied to the daily dairy data collected. Results showed that snacking behavior followed an undamped oscillator model while negative relationship behavior followed a damped coupled oscillator model. In other words, snacking behavior fluctuated around an equilibrium but was not coupled within dyadic partners. Negative relationship behavior fluctuated around an equilibrium and was amplified over time, coupled within dyadic partners. Furthermore, we found a two-fold association between negative relationship behavior and snacking: while the association between the displacement of negative relationship behavior and snacking was negative, change in negative relationship behavior and snacking were aligned. Thus, at any given time, one's snacking depends both on the amount of negative relationship behaviors one perceives and the dynamical state a dyad is engaging in (i.e., whether the negative relationship behavior is “exacerbating” or “resolving”). This former association was moderated by emotional over-eating style and the latter association was not. The current findings highlight the importance of examining dynamics within dyadic system and offers empirical and methodological insights for research in adult relationships.

Unraveling Lifestyle Disease Vulnerabilities among Adolescents: A Comprehensive Comparative Analysis of Private and Government School Students in Rawalpindi and Islamabad

Purpose: The increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases in adults necessitates a closer examination of risk factors that manifest during adolescence. This study addresses this imperative, aiming to comprehensively compare lifestyle disease risk factors among adolescents attending private and government schools, with a specific focus on the distinctive nuances present within diverse educational environments. The primary objective of this cross-sectional study is to provide a thorough exploration of lifestyle disease risk factors, thereby contributing to a more nuanced understanding of the complexities inherent in adolescent health within different school settings. The study's aim is to not only identify prevalent risk factors but also to highlight the variations that exist between students in private and government schools.
 Methodology: The study engaged 600 adolescents from secondary schools in Rawalpindi and Islamabad, with 300 participants from each sector, employing purposive sampling for selection. Beyond the standard measurements of Body Mass Index (BMI), height, and weight, a comprehensive assessment encompassed dietary habits, physical activity levels, screen time, family history of lifestyle diseases, and active/passive smoking.
 Findings: Noteworthy findings include a substantial 81% of overweight individuals affiliated with private schools, indicating a distinct prevalence in this demographic. Dietary disparities were evident, with private schools displaying a 60% daily consumption of fruits and vegetables, in contrast to 40% in government schools. Further distinctions were observed in daily dairy intake (54% in private schools vs. 46% in government schools) and weekly meat consumption (56% in private schools vs. 44% in government schools). Private schools exhibited higher rates of daily and weekly fast food (54%) and soft drink consumption (67%) compared to government schools (46% and 33%, respectively).
 Physical activity engagement was reported by 45% of private school students and 55% of government school students, while screen time exceeding 2 hours was reported by 55% of private school students and 45% of government school students. Family history of lifestyle diseases was more significant among government school students. Additionally, 8% of private school students and 7% of government school students reported smoking, with 20% of private school students and 24% of government school students indicating a history of passive smoking.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice, and Policy: The study enriches theoretical understanding by offering a nuanced exploration of lifestyle disease risks and disparities among adolescents. In practical terms, the findings provide insights for designing targeted interventions tailored to the specific needs of private and government school students, informing health promotion programs and strategies. Policy relevance is emphasized through recommendations for school-specific health policies, considering socioeconomic factors, and advocating for long-term monitoring to facilitate effective public health planning. The identification of nuanced lifestyle disease risks within distinct school environments adds a critical dimension to our understanding of adolescent health and informs future policies and interventions

Dairy consumption in adults in China: a systematic review

BackgroundResearch on dairy consumption in China is lacking, however, some evidence has demonstrated significant changes in recent years, with a reported increase in the overall consumption of dairy products. To fully understand these changes, a systematic review was conducted to examine reported dairy intakes and differences between dairy consumption in different population groups in China. Methods: Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed databases were searched for studies published from January 2000 to September 2022. The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) was used to retrieve papers available in Chinese. Papers reporting dietary intakes of dairy consumption across age, sex, and geographical location sub-groups were considered for inclusion in this review. In addition, this review includes the consumption of different types of dairy foods and changes in dairy intake over time. Results: Forty-seven papers were included in the present study. Twelve papers examined dairy consumption across age groups, showing that middle-aged adults tend to consume less dairy than other age groups. Studies comparing across location-specific cohorts reported dairy intakes among urban populations were higher than rural, as well as being higher than the national average. Coastal, Northern and Eastern residents consumed more dairy products than those living in other regions of China, and people in larger cities had higher reported intakes than smaller cities. Milk was the primary dairy product reportedly consumed by Chinese population, followed by yogurt. Concerning sex, evidence showed that females generally reported a greater daily dairy intake than males. Conclusions: This review shows that, in China, several different population groups displayed significant differences in the amount and type of dairy consumed. When considering the incorporation of dairy products into healthy eating guidelines or positioning specific dairy products on the market, it is important to consider the differences and variations in consumption patterns within population groups.

The Impact Of Single-Session Behavioral Pain Management Class On Next Day Pain Intensity And Opioid Use Among People With Chronic Pain Taking Prescribed Daily Opioids: A Daily Dairy Study

The Impact Of Single-Session Behavioral Pain Management Class On Next Day Pain Intensity And Opioid Use Among People With Chronic Pain Taking Prescribed Daily Opioids: A Daily Dairy Study

Performance monitoring moderates the relationship between stress and negative affect in response to an exam stressor

The present longitudinal study examined the role of performance monitoring in the relationships between stress (both stress change and chronic stress) and negative affect to a real-life stressor-final exam among 60 undergraduates. Participants firstly completed a Go/No-Go task in the laboratory with electroencephalogram recordings. At T1 (31 days before the final exam), participants reported their chronic perceived stress. Then, with the daily dairy method, their daily stress level and negative affect were collected for three consecutive days. At T2 (three days before the final exam), the 3-day daily dairy was repeated. Results showed that performance monitoring, as measured by behavioral adjustments and electrophysiological correlates, moderated the effects of stress change as well as chronic perceived stress on the negative emotional response to the final exam. More specifically, as the stress change from baseline to exam increases, individuals with shorter PES, lower PEAD or larger Pe amplitudes experienced less negative affect increases in response to exam. Additionally, individuals with shorter PES or larger Pe amplitudes showed no significant relationship between chronic stress and negative affect, whereas individuals with longer PES or smaller Pe amplitudes showed significant positive relationship between chronic stress and negative affect increases in response to exam. The results demonstrated that efficient performance monitoring is a protective factor for stress.

Defective Investigation leads to Injustice - An Overview of Pakistani Context

Investigation plays a crucial role in any criminal case. If this step is performed negligently the prosecution will fail to prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt. This paper will provide an overview of the criminal investigation process in Pakistan and highlight the reasons for the defective investigation. The criminal justice system consists of mainly four elements the police, the prosecution, the judiciary, and the defence lawyer. (Rajput, 2020) To provide expeditious justice, every organ of the criminal justice system must work efficiently. To set CJS into motion, a complainant may file a complaint or lodge an FIR against an accused person. After the registration of an FIR in cognizable cases, the process of investigation starts. The IO daily record the progress of the case in daily dairy maintained under section 172 of Cr.P.C. Within the period of 14 days, an investigation officer is bound to submit a police report under section 173 of Cr.P.C. If he fails to do so he will after the expiration of 3 days submit an interim report. The court may continue with the trial or postpone it until the submission of the final report.
 The IO is empowered to make searches and arrests under Cr.P.C. After making an arrest an IO is bound to present the accused before the magistrate within 24 hours of arrest. Cases are defectively investigated due to many reasons like lack of access to modern technology, the burden of work, false accusations, and politicizing of police. A necessary policy should be made and implemented to strengthen the investigation process in Pakistan. A poor investigation will generally give the benefit of doubt to accused persons. Our IOs are not experts in managing crime scenes. They lack basic techniques for identifying the evidence at the crime scenes. Moreover, the most crucial evidence present at the crime scene was wasted due to a lack of preservation techniques. Along with that, the investigators lack the basic knowledge about interrogation techniques used to extract important information from the accused. The only technique our IOs are using is third-degree treatment.
 The recruitment process for investigators needs to be revamped. The educational background of the candidates must be given regard while appointing them. Lack of proper training is also contributing as an essential factor in the defective investigation. This research article will firstly provide the process of criminal investigation in Pakistan and secondly, it will highlight the most common reasons for the defective investigation.

Does after-hours work-related information and communication technology use promote work engagement? A preliminary daily Dairy study

There has been growing research interest in after-hours work-related information and communication technology (WICT) use and its implications for employees and organizational effectiveness. Two themes have emerged as a result: while the first theme shows after-hours WICT use negatively affects employees’ well-being and performance, the second theme promotes the positive impact of such use on employees’ attitudes and performance. Using the job demands-resources model, the “too-much-of-a-thing” perspective and personal psychological resource depletion research, we integrate the two themes by investigating the curvilinear effect of after-hours WICT use on next day work engagement and the moderating effect of day of the week on this relationship. A daily-diary dataset from physicians over six days provides support for most of the predicted relationships. This study contributes theoretically by integrating the two themes and responding to calls for such studies and practically by providing recommendations on how to manage knowledge workers.

DAILY STRESSOR APPRAISALS AND SELF-VIEWS OF AGING PREDICT SAME-DAY AFFECTIVE RATINGS

Abstract Prior work suggests that more frequent or higher exposure to stressors relates to less positive affect and more negative affect in daily life. Limited knowledge exists about whether subjective appraisals of such stressors (i.e., perceived negative impacts on daily routine, personal health and safety, and finances) also have negative links to daily well-being. This study examines this link using data from an 8-day daily dairy study (n=675 days) in an online sample of older adults (n = 110 people, ages 60-90). We also explored potential psychological moderators particularly relevant to the experience of aging (i.e., self-views of aging, S-VOA). Results from multilevel models indicate that people reported more negative affect and less positive affect on days with more negative appraisals, especially on those days when they also had more negative self-views of aging. These findings highlight S-VOA as psychological resources that help people cope with stressful events in everyday life.

Association between Dairy Product Intake and Risk of Fracture among Adults: A Cohort Study from China Health and Nutrition Survey.

Background: The current literature reports inconsistent associations between dairy product intake and fracture. This study assessed the association between dairy product intake and the risk of fracture among Chinese adults and examined the mediation effects of height and body mass index (BMI) on the association. Methods: Data in 1997–2015 from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were used. Dietary data were collected by a 24-hour dietary recall, and occurrences of fracture were obtained by self-report of participants. Cumulative average intake of daily dairy products was calculated by the sum of the dairy product intake and divided by the total waves of participating in the surveys before fracture. Cox proportion hazard regressions were performed to explore the associations between dairy product intake and the risk of fracture. Mediation analysis models were established to examine the mediation effects of height and BMI on the associations. Results: A total of 14,711 participants were included. Dairy product intake of 0.1–100 g/day was associated with a decreased risk of fracture, while no association was observed among participants with dairy product intake of >100 g/day. The indirect effects of dairy product intake on the fracture mediated by height and BMI were much smaller than the direct effects. Conclusions: Dairy product intake with 0.1–100 g/day is associated with a lower risk of fracture, and the association is mainly a direct result of nutrients in dairy products and much less a result of the mediation effects of height or BMI. Dairy product intake of 0.1–100 g/day might be a cost-effective measure for Chinese adults to decrease fracture incidence.

Confusion or Clarity? Examining a Possible Tradeoff Between Self-Expansion and Self-Concept Clarity

Most people are motivated to self-expand, collecting new attributes and experiences in a process that boosts well-being, but people with low self-concept clarity resist it. Perhaps, then, there is a tradeoff between self-expansion and self-concept clarity. Across a 2-week daily dairy, we found no evidence for such a tradeoff—self-expanding was not associated with lower self-concept clarity, either that day, the next day, or the period as a whole. In fact, self-expansion was associated with higher self-concept clarity, but especially for people with lower initial self-concept clarity. Although they were less likely to self-expand on a daily basis, when they did self-expand, they reported higher self-concept clarity and, in turn, greater satisfaction with life. These findings suggest that self-expansion in daily life does not come at the cost of a coherent self-concept and that despite their reluctance, people with lower self-concept clarity may experience associated benefits from self-expanding.

The Consumption of Food-Based Iodine in the Immediate Pre-Pregnancy Period in Madrid Is Insufficient. San Carlos and Pregnancy Cohort Study.

A pre-gestational thyroid reserve of iodine is crucial to guarantee the increased demand for thyroid hormone production of early pregnancy. An iodine intake ≥150 µg/day is currently recommended. The objective of this study was to assess average pre-gestational food-based iodine consumption in pregnant women at their first prenatal visit (<12 gestational weeks), and its association with adverse materno-fetal events (history of miscarriages, early fetal losses, Gestational Diabetes, prematurity, caesarean sections, and new-borns large/small for gestational age). Between 2015–2017, 2523 normoglycemic women out of 3026 eligible had data in the modified Diabetes Nutrition and Complication Trial (DNCT) questionnaire permitting assessment of pre-gestational food-based iodine consumption, and were included in this study. Daily food-based iodine intake was 123 ± 48 µg, with 1922 (76.1%) not reaching 150 µg/day. Attaining this amount was associated with consuming 8 weekly servings of vegetables (3.84; 3.16–4.65), 1 of shellfish (8.72; 6.96–10.93) and/or 2 daily dairy products (6.43; 5.27–7.86). Women who reached a pre-gestational intake ≥150 µg had lower rates of hypothyroxinemia (104 (17.3%)/384 (21.4%); p = 0.026), a lower miscarriage rate, and a decrease in the composite of materno-fetal adverse events (0.81; 0.67–0.98). Reaching the recommended iodine pre-pregnancy intake with foods could benefit the progression of pregnancy.

Letter to the editor concerning: Stroke and diets: A review

Dear Editor, It is with great interest that we read the recently published review entitled “Stroke and Diets” in the Tzu Chi Medical Journal[1]. The authors provide a concise and up-to-date discussion on the role of different dietary patterns in the prevention of stroke. Lin et al. concluded that “vegetarian (meatless) diets have a significant impact on major risk factors of stroke” and highlighted their importance in both stroke prevention and management. We agree that plant-based diets are beneficial with regard to stroke risk factor management (including hypertension, obesity, and atrial fibrillation[2]), yet we also believe that it is of paramount importance to differentiate between different plant-based eating patterns in greater detail. In particular, the lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (which includes dairy products such as milk, cheese, and yoghurt) and the vegan diet (defined by the absence of all animal foods) may have different effects on several established stroke risk factors. The Adventist Health Study-2 cited by Lin revealed that lacto-ovo-vegetarians had a significantly higher body mass index (25.7 ± 5.1 kg/m 2) than those consuming a vegan diet (23.6 ± 4.4 kg/m2)[3]. Diabetes, another major stroke risk factor, was also found more frequently in vegetarians than in vegans [Figure 1] [3].Figure 1: Prevalence of type-2-diabetes (in %) among different dietary patterns in the Adventist Health Study-2One important difference between both dietary patterns is that vegan diets exclude cheese, a food high in (saturated) fat and sodium. Excessive intake of both of these nutrients has been frequently associated with an increased stroke risk[4]. The higher cheese (and subsequently sodium) intake in vegetarians also served as one of several potential explanations why vegetarians were shown to have higher rates of hemorrhagic and total stroke than omnivores in the EPIC-Oxford study[5]. Of note, this study has been often criticized for combining vegetarians and vegans in the same group and a recent cohort study by Chiu et al. revealed opposite finding[6]. A Taiwanese vegetarian diet was associated with a lower risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes[6]. Yet, the low number of daily dairy servings in this examined Taiwanese cohort (compared to European or American vegetarian cohorts) warrants special consideration. Taiwanese vegetarians had a median daily intake of only 0.2 dairy servings (1 serving of dairy was defined as 8 g protein) per day, whereas EPIC-Oxford vegetarians consumed significantly more: 232.3 (±207.3) ml dairy milk and 26.8 (±25.4) g dairy cheese per day[5]. This raises the question whether the comparably low dairy intake is potentially a unique feature to the Taiwanese vegetarian diet? Is it not conceivable that this substantial difference (and the implied reduction in daily saturated fat and sodium intake) could mediate some of the health effects of the Taiwanese vegetarian diet? Finally, it would also be interesting whether the authors are aware of different stroke risk profiles of Taiwanese vegetarians (consuming few dairy products) and Taiwanese vegans (avoiding all dairy products)? Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.

A daily diary study of minority stress and negative and positive affect among racially diverse sexual minority adolescents.

We conducted an intensive longitudinal study of sexual minority adolescents to address gaps in the literature, limitations in retrospective reporting, and test tenets of the minority stress model. We examined the frequency of daily minority stressors and their within-person associations with negative and positive affect. We also tested the moderating effects of depressive symptomology on these associations. Sexual minority adolescents (N = 94; 35.1% were bisexual; 31.9% were gender minority; 45.2% were racial/ethnic minority), ages 12-18 years old (M = 16.1, SD = 1.5), were recruited from the community and completed a baseline questionnaire and then a 21-day daily dairy (82.5% response rate). Participants experienced at least one minority stressor, with an average of 16.96 minority stressors (SD = 18.7, Range: 0-83), over the 21-day monitoring period. Some minority stressors were more commonly experienced than others (e.g., vicarious minority stress) and most participants attributed their sexual orientation to these stressors. Participants also attributed other marginalized identities to these stressors (e.g., gender identity, race). Daily minority stressors were associated with greater negative affect but not positive affect. Participants had greater negative affect on days where sexual-orientation-specific minority stressors were endorsed compared to days where minority stressors were not reported. These associations were not moderated by depression symptomology. The results underscore that minority stressors are pervasive experiences of sexual minority adolescents' daily life and natural environment and they are associated with daily emotions. The findings have implications for the minority stress model and future research and interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Evaluation of eating habits and unhealthy eating patterns in high-school girls from Varna, Bulgaria

Abstract Background Eating habits in children and adolescents are fundamental for their optimal physical and mental health and development. In adolescent girls, adequate nutritional status is paramount for the reproductive system function and reaching peak bone mass. Epidemiological studies have found an increased incidence of unhealthy eating patterns that pose a risk of nutritional deficiencies in adolescents from different European countries. More data is needed on the prevalence of the problem among Bulgarian adolescents, and especially school-aged girls, who are a specific risk group. Methods The study included 226 adolescent girls aged 17-19 from Varna, Bulgaria. Data was collected after receiving informed consent. The methods used include: Anthropometric measurements, including height and weight; Bioelectric impedance analysis using calibrated Tanita BC-420MA (ISSO 9001) and following ESPEN guidelines; Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results 10% of girls were underweight, 78.5% had normal BMI (18.7-25kg/m2) and 11.5% were overweight/obese. Underweight girls had an average BF%=13.78±4.28, with the lowest BF%=3. Underweight girls had significantly lower consumption of vegetables, whole grains, and dairy products. More than half of the underweight group didn't consume vegetables daily (54.5%). 27.7% of the underweight participants consumed whole grain foods every day compared to 42.9% overweight/obese group. 27,2% of underweight girls met the recommendations for consuming daily dairy consumption, compared to 58.1% in the normal BMI and 65.4% in the overweight/obese group. Fish consumption was low in all groups - 13.6% of underweight girls, 17.7% of the participants with normal BMI, and 3.8% in the overweight/obese group consume fish at least twice per week or more. Conclusions Underweight teenage girls have inadequate intake of vegetables, whole grains, and dairy products. The majority of adolescent females do not meet the minimum requirement for fish consumption. Key messages The combination of low body weight and inadequate intake of foods rich in bioavailable calcium are risk factors for not achieving peak bone mass in adolescence. Underweight teenage girls are at an increased risk of vitamin and mineral deficiencies due to inadequate intake of vegetables, whole grains, fish, and dairy products.

The consequences of calling

<p id="p00005">As a frontier topic, calling has received extensive attention from scholars and practitioners in recent years. According to the flow of information through the different phases of a systematic review recommended by preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement, we used four steps including identification, screening, eligibility, and included, so as to search and filter the literature sample relevant to calling. First, using the keyword “calling”, we identified literature through Chinese databases of CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Database, and through English databases of Web of Science, ProQuest and EBSCO/host. Second, with respect to the literature identified from the initial search through database searching, we removed the duplicate literature between Chinese and English databases. Third, regarding the literature after duplicates removed, we assessed the obtained literature and excluded articles irrelevant to the fields of psychology and management for eligibility. Last, after reading the full text articles, we eliminated the literature unrelated to calling and deleted the literature irrelevant to its consequences, and fifty seven full text articles are included in quantitative synthesis as a sample of literature review on the theme of calling. We used VOSviewer to visual analyze the retained literature sample about the consequences of calling, and yielded two resultant views including network visualization and density visualization. Results of the network visualization reveal a four-cluster network. Cluster one is the “intra-occupational career processes and outcomes” and “career psychology and states” approach, and the crucial constructs are job performance, job satisfaction, and career commitment. Cluster two is the “career skills and capabilities” and “intra-occupational career processes and outcomes” approach, which contains the core constructs such as self-efficacy, outcome expectation, and career satisfaction. Cluster three is the “extra-occupational career processes and outcomes” approach, and the representative concepts are life meaning and life satisfaction. Cluster four is the “career psychology and states” and “intra-occupational career processes and outcomes” approach to calling, and the crucial constructs of this cluster are motivation and work engagement. In addition, the results of the density visualization demonstrate that the density of item "calling" is high compared with other items, indicating that it occupies a central position in the field of research related to its consequences. Integrating a calling model of career success and work as a calling model, with the results of literature visualization, we summarized three types of the calling consequences, including career psychology and states, career skills and capabilities, as well as career processes and outcomes. Our work also offers several limitations, which may help future researchers to extend this line of research. First, future research could concentrate on the potential negative impact of calling and focus on its double-edged sword effect, in order to provide a more comprehensive and dialectical explanation of the mechanism of calling, as well as reveal the potential costs of its negative effects. Second, it is interesting to analyze the cultural differences of calling and discuss its cross-cultural comparisons, so as to break the limitations of cultural backgrounds, and expand the study of calling in Chinese organizational contexts. Third, future studies should develop a team model of calling and extend the research level, and explore the team-level calling model according to the perspective of team pro-social motivation and social information processing theory. Fourth, the variations of calling and its dynamic model has not yet been sufficiently investigated, it is thus worth suggesting that future research should use the daily dairy study as an analytical tool to conduct in-depth analysis of perceived calling on a daily basis, in order to break the limitations of the static perspective of calling in previous studies and explore the daily changes brought about by daily perceived calling on its consequences.

Entrepreneurs’ Stressors, Discrete Emotions and Personality: A Daily Dairy Study

Emotional effects in entrepreneurial contexts have attracted broad scholarly interest. However, we still have limited knowledge concerning the antecedents to or the generation process of emotions. Drawing on affective events theory, this study focuses on the generation process of two entrepreneurial emotions (fear and pride) by linking entrepreneurial stressors (workload and financial) and personality traits (neuroticism and optimism) over a two-week period with 61 entrepreneurs. Multilevel analyses provided evidence on individual differences in entrepreneurs’ emotional reactions to stressors at between- and within-person levels. Further, neuroticism and optimism can partially account for individual differences in examined relationships across levels of analysis. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Do behavioral intentions matter? A diary study on work-related ICT-use after work hours

This paper draws upon the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to study daily work-related ICT-use after work hours. The focus of this paper is threefold. First, little is known about what drives daily fluctuations in employees’ work-related ICT-use after work hours. Building on TPB, we study daily behavioral intentions to engage in work-related ICT-use as an antecedent of such ICT-use. Second, in line with TPB, we propose that behavioral intentions serve as a mediator in – and thus helps explain – the relations between previously found antecedents (i.e. norms and preferences) and daily work-related ICT-use after hours. Third, we extend earlier research on moderating factors on the effects of such ICT-use by exploring whether daily behavioral intentions buffer adverse effects of daily work-related ICT-use after hours. We tested our hypotheses using a daily dairy study with two measurement points a day during 5 days. In total, 186 employees filled out the diary study during, on average, 4.21 work days. Results of this study indicate that daily intentions to engage in work-related ICT-use after hours predict such ICT-use later, and moreover, that behavioral intentions mediates the relation between both integration preferences and norms and actual work-related ICT-use after hours. Jointly, this findings suggest that the theory of planned behaviors serves as a valid perspective to study daily work-related ICT-use after hours. Moreover, contrary to expectations, on days employee’s have higher behavioral intentions, the adverse effects of work-related ICT-use after work hours on both work-to-home conflict and psychological detachment are amplified rather than buffered.

Short-term associations between nonsuicidal and suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A daily diary study with high-risk adolescents

BackgroundIn this daily dairy study of adolescents at elevated suicide risk, we examined proximal associations between nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal thoughts as well as behaviors. We also investigated the prominence of the anti-suicide function underlying NSSI engagement, relative to intrapersonal and interpersonal motives. MethodsSeventy-eight adolescents (67.9% female; ages 13-17) hospitalized due to suicide risk completed daily surveys assessing NSSI and suicidal thoughts for four weeks after discharge (n=1621 observations). Suicidal behavior (actual, aborted, interrupted suicide attempts) was assessed at 1-month follow-up. ResultsOver and above lifetime NSSI, adolescents who generally experienced more enduring (OR=2.54, p=<.001) and intense (OR=1.87, p=.002) suicidal ideation were more likely to engage in NSSI on a given day. Moreover, NSSI likelihood increased when adolescents experienced more enduring (OR=1.99, p<.001) and intense (OR=1.66, p<.001) ideation relative to their typical levels. This pattern was consistent for those with recent NSSI. The anti-suicide function of NSSI was frequently endorsed at hospitalization and when NSSI occurred daily (65.6% of the time), alongside the intrapersonal-negative motive (to avoid aversive states). Exploratory analyses suggest adolescents with suicidal behavior within the month after discharge experienced higher NSSI levels reported daily over the same period (Hedge's g=1.26, p=<.001). LimitationsDaily-level associations were examined concurrently and generalizability of results is limited by sample characteristics. ConclusionsThe notable proximal associations between NSSI and suicidal thoughts and behaviors, as well as the prominence of the anti-suicide function, point to the importance of intervention efforts targeting these intersecting phenomena among adolescents at elevated suicide risk.

Differences in Dairy Intake Among Americans by Ethnicity and Age: NHANES 2015–2018

ObjectivesConsuming dairy foods helps Americans meet recommendations for calcium, vitamin A, vitamin D, and protein. The Healthy U.S.-Style Dietary Pattern in the 2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommends 3 daily servings of low-fat or fat-free milk, cheese, and yogurt for those 9 years and older, 2.5 servings for children 4–8 years and 2 servings for children 2–3 years. The objective of this study was to assess dairy consumption by Americans 2 years of age and older to identify population groups at higher risk for underconsumption. MethodsUsing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2016 and 2017–2018, we evaluated the daily intake of total dairy foods, milk (total, white, flavored), cheese (total and cottage cheese separately), yogurt (regular and Greek), and milk substitutes (soy, rice, almond and others) by Americans, separating into groups by age (2 + years, 2–4 years, 4–8 years, 9–13 years, 14–18 years, 19 + years) and ethnicity (Asian, Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White). Dairy serving amounts were defined as MyPlate serving size cup-equivalents. ResultsRegardless of age or ethnicity, Americans did not meet the DGA’s dairy intake recommendations. Average total daily dairy intake for Americans ages 2 + was 1.57 ± 0.03 cup-equivalents, with 0.73 servings coming from milk and 0.73 from cheese. Children ages 2–4 and 4–8 years came the closest to meeting recommendations, consuming an average of 1.93 ± 0.06 and 1.93 ± 0.05 servings, respectively, of dairy foods daily. Intake fell to 1.83 ± 0.06 daily servings among children ages 9–13, more than 30% below the recommendation that children begin consuming 3 daily servings at age 9.Daily dairy intake continued to decrease among those 14–18 years (1.75 ± 0.07 servings) and among adults 19+ (1.48 ± 0.03 servings). Among those ages 2 and older, non-Hispanic Black Americans had the lowest average intake (1.18 ± 0.04 servings daily) and non-Hispanic White Americans (1.67 ± 0.03) had the highest. Across all ethnic groups, plain milk was consumed in greater quantities than any other dairy food. ConclusionsBoth age and ethnic disparities exist in dairy intake for Americans. Improving adherence to dairy recommendations from the DGA could help Americans move closer to nutrient recommendations and overall healthy dietary patterns. Funding SourcesNational Dairy Council.

Affective Shifts Outside Work: Effects on Task Performance, Emotional Exhaustion, and Counterproductive Work Behavior.

Affective shifts have been linked to work attitudes and behaviors recently, but previous researches only focused on affective shift during work, with little attention to affective shifts outside work. Conservation of resources and personality system interaction theories are used to design a 2-week daily dairy study. Participants report how affective shifts outside work affect their subsequent-day task performance, emotional exhaustion, and CWB. As expected, findings indicate that shifts in affect outside work meaningfully impact job performance and work attitudes. That is, when both positive and negative affect upshift outside work, employees perform their tasks better but also experience increased emotional exhaustion. Practical implications and limitations are discussed.