Concentration Of Δ-tocopherol Research Articles

The Gut Microbiome Is Associated with Circulating Dietary Biomarkers of Fruit and Vegetable Intake in a Multiethnic Cohort.

Results from observational studies suggest high diet quality favorably influences the human gut microbiome. Fruit and vegetable consumption is often a key contributor to high diet quality. To evaluate measures of gut bacterial diversity and abundance in relation to serum biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake. Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data. Men and women from Los Angeles, CA, and Hawai'i who participated in the Multiethnic Cohort-Adiposity Phenotype Study from 2013 to 2016 (N= 1,709). Gut microbiome diversity and composition in relation to dietary biomarkers. Carotenoid (beta carotene, alpha carotene, cryptoxanthins, lutein, lycopene, and zeaxanthin), tocopherol (α, β+ γ, and δ), and retinol concentrations were assessed in serum. The α and β diversity and composition of the gut microbiome were classified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacterial DNA from self-collected fecal samples. Global differences in microbial community profiles in relation dietary biomarkers were evaluated using multivariable permutational analysis of variance. Associations of α diversity (Shannon index), β diversity (weighted and unweighted UniFrac) with center log-ratio-transformed phyla and genera abundances were evaluated using linear regression, adjusted for covariates. Increasing total carotenoid, beta carotene, alpha carotene, cryptoxanthin, and lycopene concentrations were associated with higher gut bacterial diversity (Shannon Index) (P < 0.001). Total tocopherol, α-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol concentrations contributed significantly to more than 1% of the microbiome variation in gut bacterial community: total tocopherol: 1.74%; α-tocopherol: 1.70%; and δ-tocopherol: 1.16% (P < 0.001). Higher total carotenoid was associated with greater abundance of some genera relevant for microbial macronutrient metabolism (P < 0.001). Objective biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake, particularly carotenoids, were favorably associated with gut bacterial composition and diversity in this multiethnic population. These observations provide supportive evidence that fruit and vegetable intake is related to gut bacterial composition; more work is needed to elucidate how this influences host health.

Changes in Vitamin E and β-Carotene Contents in Various Edible Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) of Different Ages across Multiple Seasons

Vitamin E and carotenoids belong to a group of bioactive compounds that have an important effect on human health. The present study aims to investigate for the first time the concentration of vitamin E, α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol, and β-carotene in edible cassava leaves during different ages. The analysis was performed using colorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) methods. A significant difference was found among α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol concentrations in leaves; γ- and α-tocopherol isomer contents were the predominant in amount, respectively. Among the leaves, AD variety harvested at 6 months after planting (MAP) was the highest in total vitamin E (222 μgα-TE/g). However, the highest γ-tocopherol content (2782 μg/100g) and the content of biologically active vitamin E (1244 μg/100g) were found in EN variety at 6MAP, whereas the highest value (42 μg/g) of β-carotene was found in AD variety at 12MAP. Total vitamin E and tocopherol isomers composition varied among varieties and seasons as did β-carotene. The effects of varieties and harvest ages on the biosynthesis regulation of these compounds were confirmed by principal component analysis (F1x F2: 74.34%). Edible cassava leaves can be considered as sources of vitamin E for natural dietary antioxidant during different ages, and the best time to harvest EN and AD varieties is at 6MAP on the basis of α-tocopherol equivalent or content of biologically active vitamin E content, and EN and AD varieties performed the overall best. Thus, the edible cassava leaves are among the leafy vegetables that could be helpful to suggest as a part of daily meal for health benefits and pharmaceutical purposes.

Effects of egg weight and in ovo injection of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;α&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;-tocopherol on chick development, hatching performance, and lipid-soluble antioxidant concentrations in quail chick tissues

Abstract. Lipid-soluble antioxidants can be more effective for chick development when provided via in ovo (IO) injection than when supplemented to the maternal diet. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of egg weight (EW) and IO injection of α-tocopherol on chick development, hatching performance and lipid-soluble antioxidant concentrations in residual yolk sac (RYS), liver and brain tissues of quail chicks. Eggs were obtained from quail breeders at days 72 and 128 of age and incubated at 37.8 ∘C and 60 % relative humidity. Each egg was numbered and weighed prior to incubation, and the average EW of all eggs was 11.76 ± 0.05 g. The eggs were divided into light (&lt; 11.76 EW; EWL) and heavy (&gt; 11.76 EW; EWH) groups (148 eggs per EW). Each EW group was divided into two IO groups: the control (non-injection) group and α-tocopherol group, in which 3.75 mg of α-tocopherol per egg was injected into the yolk sac followed by a 120 h incubation period. There were 64 eggs for each EW–IO treatment combination (16 eggs per EW per tray). The chick and RYS weights were significantly lower in the EWL group than in the EWH group. A significant EW by IO interaction suggested that IO increased the eggshell temperature of light quail eggs. The non-injected light eggs had a shorter hatching time due to the interaction of EW with IO. Hatchability, embryonic mortalities, and the cumulative hatching rate were not affected by EW or IO. The chick and middle toe lengths increased following IO administration (P &lt; 0.05), which indicated that IO administration had positive effects on chick quality. However, shank length decreased following IO administration with an unchanged relative asymmetry (RA). IO significantly affected the absolute weights of the liver and heart and the relative weight of the heart, which was lower in the α-tocopherol group than in the control group. IO administration had no effect on total retinol and carotenoid concentrations in the RYS, liver and brain. Vitamin E, α-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol concentrations in the RYS, liver and brain were significantly higher in the α-tocopherol-treated chicks than in the control chicks. The highest brain α-tocopherol concentration was found in the α-tocopherol-treated chicks of the EWH group, indicating a significant interaction between EW and IO. The highest total lipid-soluble antioxidant concentrations were obtained following IO α-tocopherol treatment (P &lt; 0.05), in the order brain &lt; liver &lt; RYS, but this pattern was not observed with δ-tocopherol. In conclusion, IO injection of α-tocopherol into the yolk sac affected the concentrations of tissue-specific lipid-soluble antioxidants in the RYS and tissues of newly hatched quail chicks, and EW had effects on various parameters.

Variability of seed quality traits in wild and semi-wild accessions of castor collected in Spain

The Mediterranean Basin is an important center of diversity for castor (Ricinus communis L.). We conducted seed collections from 121 wild and semi-wild (feral) populations growing in southern and eastern provinces of Spain. The objective of this research was to evaluate seed weight, oil content, fatty acid profile, and tocopherol and phytosterol contents and profiles in this germplasm collection at different environments. The seeds collected in the source locations as well as those produced in seed increases conducted in Córdoba (southern Spain) and Murcia (southeastern Spain) were analyzed. Analysis of variance considering three locations (source location, Córdoba, Murcia) and the genotypes was conducted. The contribution of genotype to total variation was particularly high for hundred-seed weight (89.8% of total sums of squares) and concentrations of Δ5-avenasterol (85.4%) and β-sitosterol (79.2%). Large variability was identified for most of the traits. The ranges of variation, averaged from data of at least two environments, were 11.6–59.1g for hundred-seed weight, 44.6–54.8% for oil content, 99.6–282.0mgkg−1 seed kernel for tocopherol content, 27.4–50.5% for the concentration of δ-tocopherol, 1090–2865mgkg−1 seed for phytosterol content, and 15.1–54.1% for the concentration of Δ5-avenasterol. Little variation was found for fatty acid profile. One accession (ALM-2011-37) showed exceptionally high phytosterol content and three accessions from the same locality (CAD-2010-26 through 28) had high levels of Δ5-avenasterol. The results emphasized the potential of wild and semi-wild germplasm for improving seed and oil quality in castor.

Vitamin E isomer δ-tocopherol enhances the efficiency of neural stem cell differentiation via L-type calcium channel

The effects of the vitamin E isomer δ-tocopherol on neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation have not been investigated until now. Here we investigated the effects of δ-tocopherol on NSC neural differentiation, maturation and its possible mechanisms. Neonatal rat NSCs were grown in suspended neurosphere cultures, and were identified by their expression of nestin protein and their capacity for self-renewal. Treatment with a low concentration of δ-tocopherol induced a significant increase in the percentage of β-III-tubulin-positive cells. δ-Tocopherol also stimulated morphological maturation of neurons in culture. We further observed that δ-tocopherol stimulation increased the expression of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. Moreover, a L-type specific Ca2+ channel blocker verapamil reduced the percentage of differentiated neurons after δ-tocopherol treatment, and blocked the effects of δ-tocopherol on NSC differentiation into neurons. Together, our study demonstrates that δ-tocopherol may act through elevation of L-type calcium channel activity to increase neuronal differentiation.

Tocopherol concentration in almond oil from Moroccan seedlings: Geographical origin and post-harvest implications

The concentration of the three main tocopherol homologs was determined in oil samples of almond kernels of four different seedling populations from Morocco. The concentration of α-tocopherol ranged from 300.9 to 656.7mg/kg oil, showing higher concentrations than what has previously been reported for almond. The concentration of δ-tocopherol ranged from 0.22 to 2.2mg/kg oil, similar to that of other almond genotypes, and that of γ-tocopherol from 4.4 to 33.4mg/kg oil, a wider range than has previously been determined in almond. Although the effect of harvest year was significant, tocopherol variability was due mainly to the genotype. The geographical origin was also significant, with the mountain populations showing higher concentrations of tocopherol, probably due to empirical selection for increased storage life, as tocopherol retards rancidification. These results may help to determine geographical areas of almond production with defined characteristics in order to increase the value of the almond products and the revenue of the local growers. Additionally, some seedlings could be incorporated as parents in a breeding program for increasing tocopherol concentration.

Plasma Vitamin E and Coenzyme Q10 Are Not Associated with a Lower Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Singapore Chinese Adults ,

AbstractVitamin E and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) have antioxidant effects that may benefit cardiovascular health. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have not shown a protective effect of supplementation with the vitamin E isomer α-tocopherol on the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but data on other isomers and CoQ10 are limited. Our objective was to examine the association of the plasma concentrations of vitamin E isomers (β-, γ-, and γ-tocopherol and β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienol) and CoQ10 (ubiquinol and ubiquinone) with the incidence of AMI. We conducted a nested case-control study with 233 cases of incident AMI and 466 matched controls selected from the Singapore Chinese Health Study, aged 45–74 y at the time of recruitment and free of cardiovascular disease at the time of blood collection. We used conditional logistic regression to examine the association between vitamin E and CoQ10 and the risk of AMI adjusted for other risk factors. In the basic model, higher d-tocopherol and ubiquinone concentrations were significantly associated with a higher risk of AMI, whereas there were no significant associations for the other vitamin E and CoQ10 isomers. After adjusting for lifestyle and other risk factors, only the association between δ-tocopherol and AMI risk remained significant [OR = 3.09 (95% CI: 1.53, 6.25) highest vs. lowest quintile;P-trend = 0.028]. We did not observe an inverse association between plasma concentrations of vitamin E isomers or CoQ10 and risk of AMI in Singapore Chinese. In contrast, plasma δ-tocopherol concentrations were associated with a higher risk of AMI. Our findings do not support a role of higher vitamin E or CoQ10 intakes in the prevention of AMI.

Association between diet and polymorphisms in individuals with statin-controlled dyslipidaemia grouped according to oxidative stress biomarkers

The objective of this study was to investigate whether differences in diet and in single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found in paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes, are associated with oxidative stress biomarkers and consequently with susceptibility of low-density cholesterol (LDL) to oxidation. A multivariate approach was applied to a group of 55 patients according to three biomarkers: plasma antioxidant activity, malondialdehyde and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) concentrations. Individuals classified in Cluster III showed the worst prognoses in terms of antioxidant activity and oxidative status. Individuals classified in Cluster I presented the lowest oxidative status, while individuals grouped in Cluster II presented the highest levels of antioxidant activity. No difference in nutrient intake was observed among the clusters. Significantly higher γ- and δ-tocopherol concentrations were observed in those individuals with the highest levels of antioxidant activity. No single linear regression was statistically significant, suggesting that mutant alleles of the SNPs selected did not contribute to the differences observed in oxidative stress response. Although not statistically significant, the p value of the APO E coefficient for oxLDL response was 0.096, indicating that patients who carry the TT allele of the APO E gene tend to present lower plasma oxLDL concentrations. Therefore, the differences in oxidative stress levels observed in this study could not be attributed to diet or to the variant alleles of PON-1, CETP, HMGCR or APO E. This data supports the influence of γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol on antioxidant activity, and highlights the need for further studies investigating APO E alleles and LDL oxidation.

Phytochemical and antioxidant characterization of mamey (Pouteria sapota Jacq. H.E. Moore & Stearn) fruit

Phytochemical compounds in fruits and vegetables have gained great importance in the last few years because of the increasing evidence suggesting their antioxidant and prevention of chronic diseases. Carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, and vitamins E and C, are among these phytochemicals. Several fruits have been characterized so far for their antioxidant and health properties but there is still limited information on fruits from the tropic. Therefore, the objective of this study was the characterization of mamey fruit (Pouteria sapota Jacq. H. E. Moore & Stearn) with regard to their antioxidant capacity and phytochemical profile. Phenolics, carotenoids and δ-tocopherol were quantified and identified by HPLC–DAD–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS), and DPPH and FRAP assays were used to evaluate antioxidant capacity. Hydrophilic extracts of mamey fruit showed higher antioxidant capacity than the lipophilic portion. Total soluble phenols content was 28.5mg GAE/100g fw, being p-hydroxybenzoic acid as the main phenolic that was identified. Total carotenoid content was 1127.9μg β-carotene/100g fw with β-carotene being the main contributor, in addition to lutein, and violoxanthin. Concentration of δ-tocopherol was 360.0μg/100g fw. Results of this study suggest that mamey fruit is a good source of carotenoids and its inclusion in the diet is recommended.

Glutathione half-cell reduction potential and α-tocopherol as viability markers during the prolonged storage of Suaeda maritima seeds

AbstractAntioxidants protect seeds from oxidative damage during storage, supporting the maintenance of seed viability and the ability to germinate post-storage. No data on antioxidants during long-term storage are available for the seeds of the halophyte Suaeda maritima. Therefore, changes in lipid-soluble antioxidants in the tocopherol family (α-, γ-, δ-tocopherol), were investigated in seeds stored for up to 16 years at 4°C at a seed moisture content of 10–13%, as well as changes in the water-soluble antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and electrolyte leakage. Seed oil content was also measured and determined to be 22%. During the first 3 years of storage, seed viability remained high and the concentration of total tocopherol was stable. Thereafter, both seed viability and α-tocopherol concentration rapidly decreased and electrolyte leakage increased, while γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol concentrations did not correlate with seed viability. Although the concentrations of neither GSH nor glutathione disulphide (GSSG) alone were correlated with seed viability, the glutathione half-cell reduction potential (EGSSG/2GSH) was strongly correlated with viability throughout storage and increased before the onset of viability loss. Hence, in this species EGSSG/2GSH appeared to be an ‘early warning’ system preceding viability loss while α-tocopherol concentration changed concomitantly with viability.

P-Score to estimate fracture risk in children

Results from observational studies suggest high diet quality favorably influences the human gut microbiome. Fruit and vegetable consumption is often a key contributor to high diet quality.To evaluate measures of gut bacterial diversity and abundance in relation to serum biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake.Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data.Men and women from Los Angeles, CA, and Hawai’i who participated in the Multiethnic Cohort–Adiposity Phenotype Study from 2013 to 2016 (N = 1,709).Gut microbiome diversity and composition in relation to dietary biomarkers.Carotenoid (beta carotene, alpha carotene, cryptoxanthins, lutein, lycopene, and zeaxanthin), tocopherol (α, β + γ, and δ), and retinol concentrations were assessed in serum. The α and β diversity and composition of the gut microbiome were classified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacterial DNA from self-collected fecal samples. Global differences in microbial community profiles in relation dietary biomarkers were evaluated using multivariable permutational analysis of variance. Associations of α diversity (Shannon index), β diversity (weighted and unweighted UniFrac) with center log-ratio–transformed phyla and genera abundances were evaluated using linear regression, adjusted for covariates.Increasing total carotenoid, beta carotene, alpha carotene, cryptoxanthin, and lycopene concentrations were associated with higher gut bacterial diversity (Shannon Index) (P < 0.001). Total tocopherol, α-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol concentrations contributed significantly to more than 1% of the microbiome variation in gut bacterial community: total tocopherol: 1.74%; α-tocopherol: 1.70%; and δ-tocopherol: 1.16% (P < 0.001). Higher total carotenoid was associated with greater abundance of some genera relevant for microbial macronutrient metabolism (P < 0.001).Objective biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake, particularly carotenoids, were favorably associated with gut bacterial composition and diversity in this multiethnic population. These observations provide supportive evidence that fruit and vegetable intake is related to gut bacterial composition; more work is needed to elucidate how this influences host health.

Assessment of lipid peroxidation and serum vitamin E concentration in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

To determine plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum vitamin E concentrations in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and healthy control dogs. Serum and plasma samples from 36 dogs with IMHA and 40 healthy control dogs. Blood samples were collected from all study dogs. Plasma MDA concentrations were measured by use of a commercial colorimetric assay, and serum vitamin E concentrations (alpha-, gamma, and delta-tocopherol concentrations) were measured via high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma MDA concentrations were significantly higher in the dogs with IMHA than in the control dogs. Compared with control dogs, serum alpha-, gamma-, and &tocopherol concentrations were significantly lower in the IMHA-affected dogs. Results indicated a state of oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant reserve in dogs with IMHA; this finding provides support for further investigation of the potential benefits of antioxidant treatment in dogs with this disease.

Microwave Heating of Grapeseed: Effect on Oil Quality

The effects of microwave and air-drying of grapeseeds on the physical and chemical parameters of their oils were investigated. Microwave treatment improved oil yield and increased viscosity, conjugated dienes, and peroxide values while reducing pigment contents (K410 and K670 values) and p-anisidine and saponification values. Removal of tannin by washing grapeseed with alcohol resulted in oil with low pigment content (K410 and K670 values), peroxide value, and tocopherol contents and high diene, p-anisidine, and saponification values. γ-Tocotrienol, the major tocopherol of grapeseed oil, increased while δ-tocopherol concentrations decreased on heat treatment of grapeseed. The negative effect of tannin removal was confirmed by the low tocopherol contents of its oil. The results demonstrate the impact of using microwave heating in producing oil from grapeseed. Keywords: Microwave; heating effect; grapeseed oil; chemical and physical parameters; tocopherols; oil quality

強制投与によるトコフェロール同族体のラット組織への取込み

As an Experiment I, tocopherols in several tissues of rats in a normal and a vitamin E deficiency groups were temporally analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, after forced administration p. o. of roughly equal mixture of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol (m-Toc). Similar to the Experiment I, the Experiment II was made by analyzing tocopherols in adipose tissue and back skin after a forced administration of m-Toc and after consecutive forced administration p. o. of δ-rich mixture of tocopherols (δ-rich-Toc) for 4 days.1) In general, the peak level of each tocopherol in tissues appeared by the order of small intestine, liver, serum and lung, after administration of m-Toc. It seemed that the uptake and disappearance in these tissues occurred by the order of δ≅γ>β>α.2) In a single administration of m-Toc, there was no evidence that δ-tocopherol was more readily accumulated in adipose tissue and back skin than the other tocopherols.3) After the consecutive administration of δ-rich-Toc, the concentration of δ-tocopherol in adipose tissue apd back skin showed to increase remarkably. But such administration of α-tocopherol showed no increase of it in the tissues. It was suggested that the accumulation of δ-tocopherol in these tissues is higher than that of other tocopherols.4) In the back skin of rats administered δ-rich-Toc, it seemed that δ-tocopherol was mainly present in the fat fraction, while α-tocopherol in the skin tissue.