Cytotoxic Effects Of Aqueous Extracts Research Articles

Redounding of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. on BxPC-3, HepG2, and U2OS Human Cancer Cell Lines

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate in vitro cytotoxic effect of aqueous extract from whole Cuscuta chinensis on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), biopsy xenograft of pancreatic carcinoma line-3 (BxPC-3), and children human bone osteosarcoma cell line (U2OS). Materials and Methods: The anticancer effectiveness of the methanol-watery extract of C. chinensis Lam. was determined by using methyl tetrazolium bromide test (MTT) assay against cancer cells by using suspensions of BxPC-3, HepG2, and U2OS cell lines. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) was tested for each cancer cell line. BxPC-3, HepG2, and U2OS cell line death percent after incubation with extract for 24, 48, and 72-hours interval was compared with cisplatin death percent. Results: The results showed that the IC50 of Cuscuta extract for BxPC-3, HepG2, and U2OS cell lines was 13, 6.5, and 0.73 μg/mL, respectively. The HepG2 cell line death%, when treated with 50 μg/mL Cuscuta extract at 24, 48, and 72-hour time interval, was 90.41, 91.45, and 92.93%, while cells were treated with 15 μg/mL cisplatin, the death percent was 88.8, 93.7, and 96.61%, respectively. The BxPC-3 cell line death%, when treated with 50 μg/mL Cuscuta extract, was 51.46, 83.37, and 91.28%, respectively, and when treated with 15 μg/mL cisplatin was 81.64, 88.02, and 96.67%, respectively. The U2OS cell line death%, when treated with 50 μg/mL Cuscuta extract, was 69.43, 69.75, and 88.89%, and was 74.1, 84.61, and 93.39%, respectively, when treated with 15 μg/mL cisplatin. Conclusion: The methanol-watery extract of C. chinensis Lam. may have a potential role as an adjunct therapy for cancers in the future.

THE EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF NIGELLA SATIVA ON BREAST CANCER CELL LINE MCF-7: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Nigella sativa (NS) or also known as black seeds is one of the traditional herbs that were identified to have anticancer properties due to the presence of an active compound, thymoquinone. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of the aqueous extracts of NS were tested on the breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Aqueous extraction of NS using cold water producing 3.8% of yield. The cytotoxic effect of aqueous extracts of NS were tested after incubation at 5 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours by using a modified MTT colorimetric assay. Interestingly, the IC50 of aqueous extracts of NS on MCF-7 was at 11.5 µg/ml. Additionally, aqueous extracts of NS at the concentration beyond 11.5 µg/ml causing the swelling of MCF-7 and leads to cell burst. In conclusion, aqueous extracts of NS have been proved to have cytotoxic effect on MCF-7.

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Aqueous Extract of <I>Euphorbia hirta</I> Using Human Colon Adenocarcinoma and Vero Cell Line

Euphorbia hirta Linn. belonging to family Euphorbiaceae . Traditionally it is used in the treatment of tumors, fever, asthma, bronchitis, chest congestion, etc. Objective of the present investigation was to evaluate cytotoxicity of aqueous extract of E. hirta using human colon adenocarcinoma (HCT-15) and vero cell line. MTT assay was used to evaluate cytotoxicity of aqueous extract of E. hirta using HCT-15 and vero cell line. Doxorubicin was used as standard reference drug. The concentrations of extract and doxorubicin at range 0.05-1000 μg/ml were considered. Results of the present study was revealed that the 50% cell growth inhibition (IC50) of aqueous extract of E. hirta and doxorubicin was 510.66 μg/ml and 460.13μg/ml using the HCT-15 cell line and 1363.65 μg/ml and 2392.71μg/ml using Vero cell line respectively. The cytotoxic effect of aqueous extract of E. hirta may be due to the presence of previously reported chemical compounds by earlier scientists in the plant. This plant can be used as good source of cytotoxic compounds. Chemical analysis of this extract is in under pipeline. First time author have reported these studies on E. hirta using HCT-15 and vero cell line by MTT assay. Further series of studies will required for validating these results by using in-vivo pharmacological experiments. The work can be further expanded for detail mechanistic based studies by doing Tunnal, Caspcase and flow cytometry assays.

In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Cytotoxic Effects of Aqueous Extracts from the Edible Sea Anemones Anemonia sulcata and Actinia equina.

Marine invertebrates have been attracting the attention of researchers for their application in nutrition, agriculture, and the pharmaceutical industry, among others. Concerning sea anemones (Cnidaria), little is known regarding their metabolic profiles and potential value as a source of pharmacologically-active agents. In this work, the chemical profiles of two species of sea anemones Actinia equina and Anemonia sulcata, were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) and its impact upon immune and gastric cells was evaluated. In both species, the methylpyridinium alkaloid homarine was the major compound in aqueous extracts. The extracts were effective in reducing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced levels of nitric oxide (NO) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a macrophage model of inflammation. Both the extracts and the alkaloid homarine were effective in inhibiting phospholipase A2 (PLA2), a pivotal enzyme in the initial steps of the inflammatory cascade. In order to mimic the oral consumption of these extracts; their effect upon human gastric cells was evaluated. While no caspase-9 activation was detected, the fact that the endoplasmic reticulum-resident caspase-4, and also caspase-3, were activated points to a non-classical mechanism of apoptosis in human gastric cells. This work provides new insights on the toxicity and biological potential of sea anemones increasingly present in human nutrition.

Cytotoxic Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Urtica urens on Most Common Cancer Types in Saudi Arabia

Cytotoxic Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Urtica urens on Most Common Cancer Types in Saudi Arabia

In vitro cytotoxic activity of aqueous extract of Delonix elata (L.) gamble (fabaceae) leaves on mcf-7 & hep g-2 cell lines

To investigate, in vitro cytotoxic effect of aqueous extract of Delonix elata leaves belongs to family Fabaceae. The dried Delonix elata leaf extract was used to determine the qualitative preliminary phytochemical analysis and in vitro cytotoxic assay against breast cancer (MCF-7) & Hepatic cancer (HepG2) cells by using MTT assay method. Phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds, steroids and saponins and this result was supported by IR data, which exhibits anticancer activity against breast and hepatic cancer cell lines. So the current investigation showed that Delonix elata leaf extract possesses the dose dependent cytotoxic activity against breast and hepatic cancer cell lines. Keywords: Delonix elata, Aqueous Extract, Flavonids, MCF-7 & Hep G2 Cell Line.

RETRACTED: EVALUATION OF THE CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITYOF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF <i>SCHINUS TEREBINTHIFOLIUS RADDI</i>

Phytotherapy consists in all pharmaceutical preparation using certain part of plants as a feedstock with known pharmacological effects for medicinal purposes. In order to a better understanding of the biological effects associated with herbal medicines, many scientific studies have been conducted and developed in recent years. SchinusterebinthifoliusRaddi (Aroeira) is native from Peru and is also found in Europe, Asia and some Latin American countries. This herbal remedy was chosen for study because of its wide use and interesting pharmacological actions. Among the effects documented in the literature, they are a potent antimicrobial agent. Its use as hydroalcoholic extract showed positive effect on cystotomy healing in rats and the studies indicate that SchinusterebinthifoliusRaddi vaginal gel is effective and safe for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis. The experimental model discussed in this study was the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) in different strains of protozoa. Evaluation of the effects of the extract with Trypanosomacruzi and Leishmaniaamazonensis strains was conducted at different concentrations of a dilution series to allow a more sensitive analysis, in a wide concentration range. A static or toxic action can be distinguished by the color reaction which is involved rezazorina. The results indicate that in none of the tested strains were observed cytotoxic effects of aqueous extract. There was also no inhibitory action on the development of tested strains.

Differential signaling involved in Sutherlandia frutescens-induced cell death in MCF-7 and MCF-12A cells

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThe scientific study of natural products traditionally used in anticancer preparations has yielded several therapeutically relevant compounds. One of these traditional preparations with potentially beneficial properties is aqueous extracts of Sutherlandia frutescens, a shrub indigenous to the Western Cape region of South Africa. The aims of this study were to evaluate in vitro efficacy of these preparations on the MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma and MCF-12A non-tumorigenic cell lines in terms of cell proliferation, cell morphology and possible induction of cell death. Materials and methodsCrystal violet staining was used to evaluate cell proliferation, light-and fluorescence microscopy were used to investigate both intracellular and extracellular morphological features of apoptosis and autophagy (e.g. membrane blebbing, condensed chromatin and intracellular lysosomes), while flow cytometry quantified cell cycle changes and induction of apoptosis through analysis of the flip-flop translocation of phosphatidylserine. ResultsCrystal violet staining showed a time- and dose specific response to aqueous Sutherlandia frutescens extracts, revealing exposure to 1mg/ml aqueous extract for 48h to be ideal for comparing the differential effects of Sutherlandia frutescens in the MCF-7 and MCF-12A cell lines. Microscopy showed distinct morphological changes with hallmarks of apoptosis being observed in both cell lines. Flow cytometry revealed a decrease in actively cycling cells in both cell lines, and a 4.36% increase in phosphatidylserine translocation in the MCF-7 cell line, indicative of apoptosis induction, while fluorescence microscopy showed evidence of the induction of autophagy. ConclusionsAnalyses revealed the carcinogenic MCF-7 cell line to be more susceptible to the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of Sutherlandia frutescens when compared to the non-tumorigenic MCF-12A cell line, thus warranting further research into the exact cellular mechanisms involved and the possible synergistic activities of Sutherlandia frutescens ingredients.

Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Ulomoides dermestoides on Induced Pleurisy in Rats and Lymphoproliferation In Vitro

The following study aimed to evaluate, in vitro and in vivo, the anti-inflammatory effect of Ulomoides dermestoides, a beetle commonly used as a remedy for a variety of diseases including respiratory disorders and asthma. We used an acute inflammation model of injury, injection of carrageenan into the pleural cavity of rats. The rats were treated intraperitoneally with the aqueous extract of U. dermestoides 8 and 16 mg/kg. The exudate volume, protein concentration, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and total leukocyte were measured. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the blood of healthy subjects and we investigated the immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effect of aqueous extract of U. dermestoides. In conclusion, in vitro we observed a non-cytotoxic effect and antiproliferative activity on the dose of 12.5 mg/dL. In vivo, this paper clarifies the great clinical relevance of the aqueous extract of U. dermestoides in elucidating its role as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Cytotoxic effect of saffron stigma aqueous extract on human transitional cell carcinoma and mouse fibroblast.

Saffron has been suggested to have inhibitory effects on tumoral cells. We evaluated the cytotoxic effect of aqueous extract of saffron on human transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and mouse non-neoplastic fibroblast cell lines. Human TCC 5637 cell line and mouse fibroblast cell line (L929) were cultivated and incubated with different concentrations of aqueous extract of saffron stigma (50 microg/mL to 4000 microg/mL). Cytotoxic effect of saffron was evaluated by morphologic observation and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay after 24, 48, 72, and 120 hours in each cell line. After 24 hours, morphological observations showed growth inhibitory effects at saffron extract concentrations higher than 200 microg/mL for L929 cells and at concentrations of 50 microg/mL to 200 microg/mL for the TCC cells. These changes became more prominent after 48 hours. However, significant growth inhibitory effects of the extract were shown at concentrations of 400 microg/mL and 800 microg/mL. Higher concentrations of saffron correlated inversely with cell population of both cell lines. Significant reduction of the survived cells was seen at concentrations of 400 microg/mL and 2000 microg/mL for TCC and L929 cell lines, respectively. After 120 hours, decrease in the percentage of survived cells at higher concentrations of saffron extract was seen in both cell lines. At a concentration of 800 microg/mL, the survived L929 cells plummeted to less than 60% after 120 hours, while no TCC cells survived at this time. No L929 cells survived at 2000 microg/mL. Saffron aqueous extract has inhibitory effects on the growth of both TCC 5637 and normal L929 cell lines. This effect is dose dependent.

Herbal Medicines: Cytotoxic Effects of Chenopodiaceae Species Used in Argentinian Folk Medicine

Chenopodium. sp. (Chenopodiaceae).., common name “Paico,” is a medicinal plant that has been used for centuries as an antirheumatic, anthelmintic, sedative, and analgesic agent and as a spice in food. The main component of the essential oil is ascaridole. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible cytotoxic effects of aqueous extracts of Chenopodium ambrosioides. L. (ten specimens from different parts of the country), Chenopodium multifidum. L. (three specimens) and to compare them with a nonaromatic Chenopodium. (Chenopodium album.). The extracts [decoction (D) and infusion (I)], which are the usual way of consumption by the population] were assayed by mitotic index in different concentrations (0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µg dried plant/mL of culture), on lymphocyte cultures from four healthy donors, as a cytotoxicity biomarker. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed. The results show a statistically significant decrease in all the specimens of C. ambrosioides. and C. multifidum., whereas no effect was observed in the analysis of C. album.. These results suggest a cytotoxic effect of C. ambrosioides. and C. multifidum. aqueous extracts related with the essential oil of the plant.

Potential of traditional ayurvedic formulation, Triphala, as a novel anticancer drug

The cytotoxic effects of aqueous extract of Triphala, an ayurvedic formulation, were investigated on human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and a transplantable mouse thymic lymphoma (barcl-95). The viability of treated cells was found to decrease with the increasing concentrations of Triphala. On the other hand, treatment of normal breast epithelial cells, MCF-10 F, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, mouse liver and spleen cells, with similar concentrations of Triphala did not affect their cytotoxicity significantly. The drug treatment was found to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 and barcl-95 cells in vitro as determined by annexin-V fluorescence and proportion of apoptotic cells was found dependent on Triphala concentration. MCF-7 cells treated with Triphala when subjected to single cell gel electrophoresis, revealed a pattern of DNA damage, characteristic of apoptosis. Studies on Triphala treated MCF-7 and barcl-95 cells showed significant increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a concentration dependent manner. ROS increase was, however, found to be insignificant in MCF-10 F as well as in murine spleen and liver normal cells. In vivo, direct oral feeding of Triphala to mice (40 mg/kg body weight) transplanted with barcl-95 produced significant reduction in tumor growth as evaluated by tumor volume measurement. It was also found that apoptosis was significantly higher in the excised tumor tissue of Triphala fed mice as compared to the control, suggesting the involvement of apoptosis in tumor growth reduction. These results suggest that Triphala possessed ability to induce cytotoxicity in tumor cells but spared the normal cells. The differential effect of Triphala on normal and tumor cells seems to be related to its ability to evoke differential response in intracellular ROS generation. The differential response of normal and tumor cells to Triphala in vitro and the substantial regression of transplanted tumor in mice fed with Triphala points to its potential use as an anticancer drug for clinical treatment.