Cytomegalovirus Infection In Newborn Infants Research Articles

PO-0104 Different Clinical Spectrum Of Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis In Infants

Background and aim Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is, a member of the herpes viridae family, found widely in nature and the most common congenital infection in newborns. The average incidence of CMV infection in newborn infants is 1%. Irreversible signs of central nervous system involvement (microcephaly, deafness, mental-motor retardation) develops in 5–10% congenitally infected infants. Signs of perinatal infections, hepatosplenomegaly, pneumonia, hepatitis, are seen, but in this period neurological sequelae are rare. In this study, CMV-infected patients who were admitted to our clinic within 3 months were examined. Methods Between the date of December 2013 and February 2014, in total five CMV infection (min 45 days, max 2 years–4 months old) have been detected at Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology. Three of those patients admitted with jaundice and other two patients were detected during the pancytopenia aetiology and vomiting aetiology investigation. In our series, which consist of developed CMV hepatitis cases due to different etiological reasons, retrospective examination is conducted with clinical and laboratory findings. Results Biliary atresia was detected in three patients. One is by intraoperative cholangiography and other two, as evidenced by histopathology. In the fourth case, CMV infection was detected simultaneously with vitamin B 12 deficiency during pancytopenia investigation. In the fifth patient, performed liver transplantation due to neonatal hepatitis, CMV infection was detected during investigating for vomiting and elevated aminotransferase levels in outpatient control. In one of the cases of biliary atresia with microcephaly, deafness and mental-motor retardation was considered due to congenital CMV infection. Other cases were evaluated as perinatally infection. Five patients were given ganciclovir therapy. Duration of the therapy was; six weeks for patient with congenital CMV infection and two weeks for the other four patients. Conclusion Biliary atresia were seen in all our cases with cholestasis and there is importance of seeing it with CMV hepatitis which, in our conclusion, requires comprehensive studies. In addition, seeing these patient in such a short period of time was found interesting in epidemiological perspective.

Infección congénita por citomegalovirus en recién nacidos del estado de San Luis Potosí, México

To determine the prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in newborn infants included in the neonatal screening program coordinated by the State Health Services in San Luis Potosí. We evaluated the presence of cytomegalovirus in blood samples stored in filter paper. Cytomegalovirus was detected in 10 (0.68%) of the 1,457 samples included in the study. There were no differences in the characteristics of infants with congenital infection compared to those without infection. It is necessary to increase awareness of health professionals regarding the prevalence and impact of congenital cytomegalovirus infection.

The prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in newborn infants at an intensive care unit in a public hospital

To determine the prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in newborn infants admitted to an intensive care unit in a public hospital in Porto Alegre. A cross-sectional study of 261 newborn infants born at a public hospital in the city of Porto Alegre in 2003 and admitted to the intensive care ward. Urine samples were collected within 7 days of birth and a polymerase chain reaction-PCR performed to test for cytomegalovirus DNA. The prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection among the study population was 0.8% (95% CI: 0.097-2.86). It was not possible to assess risk factors because this prevalence was so low. The prevalence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in an intensive care unit at a public hospital in Porto Alegre was not considered elevated and was comparable with prevalence rates found by other studies.

Splenomegaly in asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers.

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Thermal head wrap for infants

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Human β-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in the perinatal/neonatal period

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Prevention of Transfusion-Acquired Cytomegalovirus Infections in Newborn Infants

YEAGER, ANNE S.; CARL GRUMET, F.; HAFLEIGH, ELIZABETH B.; ARVIN, ANN M.; BRADLEY, JOHN S.; PROBER, CHARLES G. Author Information

Prevention of transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus infections in newborn infants

Transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus infections occurred in 13.5% of 74 infants of seronegative mothers who were exposed to one or more blood donors who had a CMV indirect hemagglutination titer of 1:8 or higher. None of 90 infants of seronegative mothers exposed only to donors with CMV IHA titers of less than 1:8 became infected. Ten of 41 (24%) infants of seronegative mothers who received more than 50 ml of packed red blood cells and who were exposed to at least one seropositive donor became infected. None of 23 infants of seronegative mothers who received this amount of blood but who were exposed only to seronegative donors became infected. Fatal or serious symptoms developed in 50% of the infected infants of seronegative mothers and in none of the 32 infected infants of seropositive mothers. Acquired CMV infections occurred in 15% of infants of seropositive mothers who were exposed to the red blood cells of seropositive donors and in 17.6% of infants of seropositive mothers exposed only to seronegative donors. Use of seronegative donors reduced the prevalence of excretion of CMV among hospitalized infants who were 4 weeks of age or older from 12.5 to 1.8% and eliminated acquired CMV infections in infants of seronegative mothers.

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection in newborn infants of mothers infected before pregnancy.

The rate of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was studied in newborn infants in an African population in which all adults had experienced primary CMV infection during childhood. Viruria within the first 12 hours after delivery was taken as evidence of prenatal CMV infection. 28 of 2032 newborn infants examined had viruria, giving a rate of 1.4% congenital CMV infection. The presence of meternal serum antibody therefore appears not to protect the fetus from intrauterine infection. Either reactivation of latent maternal CMV infection or recurrence of infection during pregnancy despite the presence of serum antibodies may explain these findings. Whether the long-term effects of CMV infection acquired in utero differ in cases of primary maternal infection from those due to reactivated or recurrent infection in seropositive mothers, remains undecided. Thus, the value of a live CMV vaccine to prevent prenatal CMV infection may be questioned.

Transfusion-acquired cytomegalovirus infection in newborn infants.

One hundred fifty-one infants who were cared for in a high-risk nursery in the perinatal period were studied with regard to the risk of acquiring a cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after blood transfusion. The prevalence rate for infection with CMV at 7 months of age was 11% (eight) in a group of 74 infants who had not received blood products, as compared to 25% (19) in a group of 77 infants who had received blood transfusions. Of the 19 CMV infections identified among the 77 infants who had been transfused, six are believed to have been acquired from a source other than the mother, probably from blood products. The risk of acquiring a CMV infection in this manner needs to be further delineated, as does the risk of such babies infecting susceptible pregnant women in their environment.

Studies of cytomegalovirus infection in newborn infants.

Histological examinations of post mortem specimens, virus isolation and the indirect immunofluorescent test for cytomegalovirus macroglobulin were carried out in newborn infants. The most reliable method for a diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection in newborn infants was virus isolation, but the detection of cytomegalovirus IgM antibody by indirect immunofluorescent method could be used for a diagnosis of asymptomatic cytomegalovirus infection.

Cytomegalovirus infections in newborn infants

A study of the frequency of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections and the associated clinical findings included 545 children. Urine specimens were obtained within the first 24 hours of life. Cultures of these specimens revealed that 3 infants were excreting CMV. None of the 3 had classical cytomegalic inclusion disease; however, each had transient abnormalities in the first year of life. In 2 cases, IgM levels were elevated. No neutralizing antibody was found in 2 of the cord sera. All patients later showed neutralizing antibody. This reaction was highly specific with a low passage isolate from one of the patients. CF antibody response was variable. Virus excretion persisted in the children throughout observation. There were familial infections but no evidence of disease.