Cytology Status Research Articles

Effect of Breast Cancer Receptor Subtypes and CSF Cytology Status on Survival of Patients With Leptomeningeal Disease

BackgroundIt is unclear whether breast cancer (BC) subtypes or CSF cytology results are associated with overall survival (OS) among patients with BC leptomeningeal disease (LMD). This single-institution retrospective study compares OS among BC patients with LMD across various breast cancer subtypes and CSF cytology results. MethodologyThe study enrolled BC patients diagnosed with LMD between 2010 and 2023. Breast cancer subtypes were classified as A. ER+/HER2-, HER2+, or triple-negative BC (TNBC); B. HER2+, HER2-Low, HER2-Zero. CSF cytology subtypes included CSF+, CSF-, or CSF not tested (NT). OS was summarized via Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using log-rank test. Cox models were used for multivariate analyses. ResultsOut of 69 patients registered, median OS (95% CI) for ER+/HER2- (n = 33), HER2+ (n = 12) and TNBC (n = 24) subtypes were 8.0 (3.02, 24.8), 5.71 (1.61, not estimated) and 3.2 (1.11, 4.95) months (P = .17). In multivariate analysis, TNBC was associated with worse OS versus ER+/HER2- [Hazard Ratio (HR), 95% CI: 2.64, 1.23-5.80, P = .04]. HER2 subtypes (HER2-Zero, n = 21; HER2-Low, n = 32; HER2+, n = 12) showed no significant differences in OS. Median OS (95% CI) for CSF+ (n = 16), CSF- (n = 18), and CSF NT (n = 35) groups were 3.54 (1.61, 12.72), 13.41 (4.95, 61.93) and 3.28 (1.44, 6.92) months (P = .04). Multivariate analysis showed both CSF+ and CSF NT were associated with shorter OS compared to CSF- group [HR (95% CI) 4.50 (1.75, 12.11) for CSF+ vs. CSF-; 2.91 (1.45, 6.26) for CSF NT vs. CSF-; P = .002]. ConclusionTNBC LMD group was associated with worse OS than ER+/HER2- BC LMD when adjusting for other prognostic factors. CSF- LMD patients had better OS than CSF+ or CSF NT LMD.

Cervical cytology abnormalities and associated genotype patterns of High-Risk HPV Infection in Women of Tripura, North-East India: A Hospital-Based Study.

The current study explored HPV prevalence and age variation in cervical samples of different cytological categories and HPV types from women seeking gynecological care in Tripura, northeast India. Pap smears, cervical tissues, and HPV/DNA specimens were collected from gynecological outpatient departments (OPD) or in-house patients and were screened for HPV16, HPV18, and other HPV types by PCR. Finally, logistic regression was performed to find the association between epidemiologic factors and HPV infection in women of different cytological grades. About 90% of HPV-screened women were found to be HPV positive. HPV16 was most common in HPV-positive women (53.27%), followed by HPV16/18 co-infection (26.17%). HPV16 or HPV18 was most frequent (86.45%) compared to others (13.55%). Among the confirmed cytological tests 68.83% showed normal cytology and 37.17% showed atypical abrasions. Among the abnormal cytology participants, 94.37% were HPV-positive, and 42.25% had cervical cancer. The prevalence of HPV increased with cytological abnormalities (p < 0.01). Abnormal cytological lesions increased with age (p trend = 0.017). Among all epidemiologic factors studied, parity was strongly associated with overall HPV infection, regardless of cytological status. Observed very high frequency of HPV infection in the current study, warrants further investigations.

Reassigned surgical margins after neoadjuvant chemotherapy results in low local recurrence in dogs with mast cell tumours.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is delivered before surgery to allow less extensive tumour resection, but the optimal surgical margin width after NAC is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of reassigned margins on local recurrence after NAC in dogs with mast cell tumours (MCTs). A retrospective analysis was conducted for dogs with MCTs undergoing NAC consisting of vinblastine and prednisolone, subsequent tumour resection and lymphadenectomy, and a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Surgical margins were reassigned based on the size of the MCT after NAC. Pre- and post-NAC measurements of MCTs were recorded. The margin status was assessed with a combined radial and tangential sectioning technique; pre-NAC MCT cytograde and lymph node (LN) cytological status were compared with the Kiupel grade and Weishaar stage, respectively. Twenty-two dogs were included. MCT shrinkage after NAC consistently occurred, with a median reduction rate of 40.4% (range 5%-94.5%). Margins were complete in 15 of 22 dogs, and two MCTs and three LNs appeared histologically downgraded and downstaged, respectively. Two (9.1%) MCTs recurred. The limitations of this study were the small sample size and relatively short follow-up. NAC leads to shrinkage of canine MCTs, with the resulting reassigned surgical margins being associated witha low recurrence rate.

Effect of breast cancer receptor subtypes and CSF cytology status on survival for patients with leptomeningeal disease.

2025 Background: Leptomeningeal disease (LMD) in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) carries a poor prognosis. Data on the effect of BC sub types and CSF cytology results on overall survival (OS) are lacking. This single institution retrospective study compares OS among MBC with LMD across BC sub types and CSF cytology results. Methods: This study included patients (pts) diagnosed with MBC LMD from Jan 2010 to Jan 2023. BC sub types were defined as (1) ER positive (+)/HER2 negative (-), HER2+, triple-negative BC (TNBC), (2) HER2 0 [immunohistochemistry (IHC) score 0], HER 2 low [ IHC 2+ with fluorescence in-situ hybridization negative OR IHC 1+], HER2+. ER and HER2 positivity were defined per ASCO/CAP criteria. CSF cytology sub types were CSF+ (for malignant cells), CSF-, and CSF not tested. Baseline characteristics were compared using Fisher’s Exact and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. OS among sub types was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared using log rank test. For multivariate analysis, a step wise model selection was performed after inclusion of sub type of interest; and variables meeting entry (p&lt;0.10) and staying criteria (p&lt;0.05) were included in final Cox model. Results: Out of 219 patients screened, 69 pts were registered. Median OS and associated 95% confidence interval (CI) within BC sub types in analyses 1 and 2 and CSF sub type analysis are shown in the table. OS in analysis 1 was not significantly different by BC sub types. In multivariate analysis, TNBC sub type had significantly shorter OS than ER+/HER2- group [Hazard Ratio (HR) 2.64, 95% CI (1.23, 5.80) (p=0.04)] after adjusting for interval from MBC to LMD diagnosis and CSF cytology status. OS by BC sub types in analysis 2 was not significantly different in unadjusted and multivariate analyses. CSF- group had significantly better OS compared to CSF+ or CSF not tested group in unadjusted analysis (Table) and multivariate analysis [CSF+ vs CSF- HR 4.5 95% CI (1.75-12.11); CSF not tested vs CSF- HR 2.91 95% CI (1.45-6.26), overall p=0.002]. Conclusions: This single institution study on MBC pts with LMD showed that BC receptor sub types were significantly associated with OS when adjusted for the interval from MBC to LMD diagnosis and CSF cytology group. This study showed significantly improved OS among patients with negative CSF cytology compared to those with positive cytology or those not tested, indicating a novel prognostic value of CSF cytology (currently on diagnostic value) for MBC LMD. These findings will be further validated. [Table: see text]

Estrus detection of PE goats using the ASM application and confirmed by vagina cytology

The estrus cycle is the initial stage of increasing the milk production of PE goats. Estrus detection in PE goats is generally done manually by looking for signs of sound, restlessness, and aggression. The use of voice recording applications to detect estrus has been carried out, one of which is ASM. However, to increase the accuracy of detection based on ASM audio-visual, it is necessary to confirm the cytological status of bovine vaginal cells. This study aimed to detect estrus using audio-visual and vaginal cytology of goats. Eight female PE goats were observed on small breeders for their reproductive cycle, behavior, vocalization with ASM, and cell cytology sampling through vaginal mucus. They are processing data using Spearman rank correlation (SD). The results show aggressive behavior, frequent voices, and signs of clear discharge, and the tail is often moved. ASM detected the sound of goats in estrus at 430.0 Hz – 494.3 Hz and confirmed the superficial cell status, which predominated in PE goats. It can be concluded that the audio of goats in the 472 Hz range recorded using the ASM application can be used as a reference that goats are in estrus and ready to be mated.

Abstract 3794: Clinical impact of high-quality liquid biopsy for peritoneal lavage cytology in resectable pancreatic cancer

Abstract Despite the general trends towards increased cancer survival, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) still has a dismal prognosis. Peritoneal recurrence is a major recurrence pattern after pancreatectomy. Peritoneal lavage cytology (CY) is employed widely in the diagnosis and staging of PDAC to rule out patients with occult peritoneal metastasis. However, the importance of CY status both as a sign of irresectability and as a prognostic factor for PDAC remains controversial. The purposes of this study were to determine whether CY+ status precludes radical resection and to propose novel liquid biopsy using peritoneal lavage fluid to detect viable peritoneal tumor cells (v-PTCs). We conducted this study to evaluate use of a new genetically modified telomerase-specific replication-selective adenovirus, expressing GFP (TelomeScan F35) in rapid detection of v-PTC dissemination (Telo-CY). We assessed the clinical utility of high-quality testing of Telo-CY in PDAC patients in comparison with the findings of conventional CY (Conv-CY). This study was approved by the IRB in our Hospital. Patients with resectable cytologically or histologically proven PDAC were enrolled. 100 ml of saline as peritoneal lavage fluid was harvested just after a laparotomy. Half of the fluid was examined by conv-CY, based on Papanicolaou staining and MOC-31 immunostaining, and the remaining half was analyzed to detect v-PTCs by Telo-CY. To distinguish between leucocyte and cells with epithelial origin, cells were stained with anti-CD45 mAb. To further distinguish cells with primary tumor origin, cells were labeled with anti-CEA, anti-CA19-9 and Ep-CAM mAbs. GFP(+) and CD45(-), and either CEA-, CA19-9- or Ep-CAM-(+) cells were counted as v-PTCs. Patients were followed to evaluate its clinical significance. Among 53 patients aged 53-87 years (30 males, 23 females), 5 were conv-CY(+), other 12 were Telo-CY(+). All 53 patients underwent surgical resection (PD/DP/TP=32/14/7). 2 patients were double-CY-(+) [conv-CY(+) and Telo-CY(+)], and peritoneal recurrence occurred at 7-9 months after surgery, despite adjuvant chemotherapy. 3 were conv-CY(+) alone, but Telo-CY(-), and no peritoneal recurrences were observed (0%). Conversely, 10 were Telo-CY(+) alone, but conv-CY(-), and 6 out of 10 patients were relapsed with peritoneal dissemination (60%). Remaining 38 patients were double-CY-negative (conv-CY- and Telo-CY-, conv-CY±), peritoneal recurrence was observed in 3 patients (8.3%). Although CY-positive status predicts poor prognosis and a higher risk of peritoneal dissemination after resection, it is not sufficient to preclude pancreatectomy by conv-CY alone. Combined CY examination with conv-CY and Telo-CY may open the window of opportunity for leading true results, accurately predicting peritoneal recurrence in PDAC patients. The CY status should be confirmed by staging laparoscopy prior to resection. Citation Format: Masahiro Tanemura, Kenta Furukawa, Tadafumi Asaoka, Daiki Marukawa, Hironao Yasuoka, Yasuo Urata, Daisaku Yamada, Shogo Kobayashi, Hidetoshi Eguchi. Clinical impact of high-quality liquid biopsy for peritoneal lavage cytology in resectable pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3794.

A retrospective study for long-term oncologic and obstetric outcomes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia treated with loop electrosurgical excision procedure: focus on surgical margin and human papillomavirus

BackgroundThe present study aimed to evaluate the long-term oncological and obstetric outcomes following the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and investigate the risk factors for recurrence and preterm birth.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent LEEP for CIN 2–3 between 2011 and 2019. Demographic information, histopathological findings, postoperative cytology, and human papillomavirus (HPV) status were collected and analyzed. The Cox proportional hazards model and Kaplan-Meier curves with the log-rank test were used for risk factor analysis.ResultsA total of 385 patients treated with the LEEP were analyzed. Treatment failure, including recurrence or residual disease following surgery, was observed in 13.5% of the patients. Positive surgical margins and postoperative HPV detection were independent risk factors for CIN1 + recurrence or residual disease (HR 1.948 [95%CI 1.020–3.720], p = 0.043, and HR 6.848 [95%CI 3.652–12.840], p-value < 0.001, respectively). Thirty-one patients subsequently delivered after LEEP, and the duration between LEEP and delivery was significantly associated with preterm-related complications, such as a short cervix, preterm labor, and preterm premature rupture of the membrane (p = 0.009). However, only a history of preterm birth was associated with preterm delivery.ConclusionsPositive HPV status after LEEP and margin status were identified as independent risk factors for treatment failure in patients with CIN who underwent LEEP. However, combining these two factors did not improve the prediction accuracy for recurrence.

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Gastrectomy for Cytology-Positive Gastric Cancer without Any Other Non-Curative Factors in a Western Setting: An International Eastern European Cohort Study.

The optimal approach for treating cytology-positive (Cy1) gastric cancer (GC) patients without additional non-curative factors remains uncertain. While neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by gastrectomy shows promise, its suitability for Western patients is not well supported by existing data. To address this knowledge gap, a cohort study was conducted across four major GC treatment centers in Lithuania, Estonia, and Ukraine. Forty-three consecutive Cy1 GC patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2016 and 2020 were enrolled. The study evaluated overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), cytology status conversion, and major pathological response rates, along with the factors influencing these outcomes. All patients underwent surgery post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with 53.5% experiencing cytological status conversion and 23.3% achieving a major pathological response. The median OS and PFS were 20 (95% CI: 16-25) and 19 (95% CI: 11-20) months, respectively. Conversion to negative cytology significantly reduced the relative risk of peritoneal progression (RR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.03-0.47, p = 0.002). The study suggests that neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by gastrectomy holds promise as a treatment option for Cy1 GC without additional non-curative factors, associating cytology status conversion with improved long-term outcomes and reduced peritoneal relapse risk.

Correlation between malignant peritoneal cytology and survival in patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the correlation between malignant peritoneal cytology and overall survival among patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma.MethodsPatients with uterine leiomyosarcoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma...

Risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or more diagnoses for human papillomavirus16/18-positive women by cytology and co-infection status

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 cause approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether co-infected with other HPV genotypes will affect the risk of cervical carcinogenesis in HPV16/18 positive-women.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, cervical cytology and histological classifications from women who tested positive for HPV 16/18 and underwent colposcopy within 6 months, between January 2010 and May 2021 were obtained from West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University.Main outcomes and measuresImmediate risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or more diagnoses (CIN 3+).ResultsA total of 7940 HPV 16/18-positive women were included, with a median age of 40 years (range 25–84 years). Among them, 2710 (34.1%) were infected with multiple genotypes, 6533 (82.28%) had cytology results and 2116 (26.65%) women were diagnosed with CIN 3+. The effects of HPV 16/18 coinfecting with other HPV on CIN3 + risk varied with specific HPV genotypes. After adjusting for cofactors, compared to single HPV 16 infection, the CIN 3 + risk was significantly reduced in women infected with HPV 16 + other high-risk HPV (hrHPV) [odds ratio (OR) = 0.621, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.511–0.755], HPV 16 + low-risk HPV (lrHPV) (OR = 0.620, 95% CI 0.436–0.883), and HPV 16 + lrHPVs + other hrHPVs (OR = 0.248, 95% CI 0.157–0.391). The prevalence of CIN 3 + was associated with increased severity of cytologic abnormalities in HPV 16/18-positive women and peaked at cytology HSIL + (89.9% and 82.3%), which held a substantially greater risk than that of NILM (OR = 65.466, 95% CI 50.234–85.316).ConclusionsIn this cross-sectional study of HPV 16/18-positive women, the effects of multiple infection were likely complicated and varied with specific HPV genotypes. The coinfection of HPV 16 and other genotypes of HPV except HPV 18 was associated with decreased CIN 3 + risk. Cytologic results were informative when HPV 16/18 was positive. It might be reasonable to recommend expedited treatment for patients with HPV 16/18 positive and HSIL + cytology in the Chinese population.

Predictive impacts of peritoneal washing cytology for surgical resection-intended pancreatic cancer cases: Establishment of planned staging laparoscopy criteria.

Staging laparoscopy (SL) has been advocated for pancreatic cancer, mainly to evaluate the peritoneal washing cytology (CY) status, which seems to impact the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. To establish an optimal treatment strategy for CY positive (CY+) pancreatic cancer cases, real-world clinical data about CY status-depending surgical outcomes should be accumulated. Peritoneal washing samples were collected from 183 consecutive patients who could be classified as either resectable or borderline resectable (BR) pancreatic cancer between January 2012 and December 2020. Correlations between the CY status and other clinicopathological parameters with the recurrence patterns and survival outcomes were examined. In addition, we analyzed several risk factors for the CY+ status and attempted to identify the patient population that may benefit most from SL. A total of 24 of the 183 patients were CY+. Peritoneal recurrence occurred more frequently in CY+ cases than in CY- cases (29% vs. 6%, p < .001) and median survival time after surgery was significantly shorter in CY+ cases than in CY- cases (28.5 months vs. 67.5 months; p < .001). In detail, almost all CY+ patients among curative resection-intended cases had either elevated preoperative serum CA19-9 levels (≥250 U/mL) or DUPAN-2 levels (≥150 U/mL). Significant predictive factors of CY positivity were BR status (p = .028) and serum CA19-9 level exceeding 250 U/mL (p = .008). CY status was identified as an independent prognostic factor, and SL examination should be recommended, especially for patients with risk factors for CY positivity, such as BR cancer and elevated serum CA19-9 levels.

Clinical impact of age‑specific distribution of combination patterns of cytology and high‑risk HPV status on cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more.

To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to elucidate the significance of cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) status in different age groups for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2, CIN3 and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). There were 12 combinations based on cytology and hrHPV status [cytology: Atypical squamous cells (ASC) of undetermined significance, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, ASC not excluding high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and HSIL; hrHPV status: HPV16/18-positive (16/18+), hrHPV positive for subtypes other than 16/18 (others+) and hrHPV-negative (hrHPV-)]. All patients were categorized into four groups based on age (18-29, 30-39, 40-49 and ≥50 years). For patients with CIN2, CIN3 and SCC (CIN2+) (n=107), the distribution of cytology and hrHPV was investigated in each age group. In addition, for all patients (n=446), the occurrence of CIN2+ in each of the 12 combinations was investigated in each age group. In the 18-29-year age group, the most common combination was HSIL and 16/18+, followed by HSIL and others+, which accounted for 73% of CIN2+ cases. The occurrence of HSIL and 16/18+ decreased with increasing age, and no cases occurred in the 50-year age group. In the 18-29-year age group, all patients with HSIL and 16/18+ were diagnosed with CIN2+. CIN2+ was predominantly detected in patients with HSIL in the 18-29-year age group, as well as hrHPV- and others+. This definite distinction was not observed in any other age group. For CIN2+, the distribution patterns of cytology and hrHPV status combinations varied significantly among different age groups. Accordingly, the clinical impact of the combination of cytological findings and hrHPV status can vary among age groups.

Human papillomavirus genotype distribution by cytological status and associated risk factors in the general population of Congolese women living in urban and rural areas: Implications for cervical cancer prevention

IntroductionCervical cancer related to high risk-human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the second female cancer in the Republic of Congo (Congo). We herein evaluated the molecular epidemiology of cervical HPV infection and associated risk factors in Congolese women living in urban (Brazzaville) and rural (Plateaux department) settings. Patients and methodsA population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect demographic and behavioral data among Congolese women, and to obtain endocervical swab samples for HPV DNA molecular detection (Anyplex II HPV28, Seegene, Seoul, South Korea). ResultsA total of 284 women (mean age: 37.8 years; HIV-1-positivity: 18.6%) were included. The prevalence of HPV DNA cervical shedding was 64.4% [HR-HPV: 80.9%, mainly HPV-16 (15.8%), and HPV-35 and HPV-52 (15.3%); multiple HPV infections: 60.6%; 9-valent HPV Gardasil-9® vaccine genotypes: 42.6%]. 91.6% and 100% of low-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (LSIL) and cervical cancer, respectively, showed HR-HPV. HR-HPV prevalence was higher among students (aOR: 7.9) and HIV-infected women (aOR: 3.1) in Brazzaville, and among women aged between 21–30 years (aOR: 7.2) and HIV-infected women (aOR: 5.1) in the Plateaux department. ConclusionCervical HR-HPV infection is particularly frequent in young or HIV-infected Congolese women. Prophylactic HPV vaccination combined with primary molecular screening of HR-HPV infection in this country should be extended.

The role of cytology in patients undergoing pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Cytology of ascites or peritoneal washing is a routine part of staging of peritoneal metastases (PM). We aim to determine value of cytology in patients undergoing pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC). Single-center retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients having PIPAC for PM of different primary between January 2015 and January 2020. A total of 75 patients (median 63 years (IQR 51-70), 67 % female) underwent a total of 144 PIPAC. At PIPAC 1 59 % patients had positive and 41 % patients had negative cytology. Patients with negative and positive cytology only differed in terms of symptoms of ascites (16% vs. 39 % respectively, p=0.04), median ascites volume (100 vs. 0 mL, p=0.01) and median PCI (9 vs. 19, p<0.01). Among 20 patients who completed 3 PIPACs (per protocol), cytology changed in one from positive to negative, and in two from negative to positive. Median overall survival was 30.9months in the per protocol group and 12.9months in patients having <3 PIPACs (=0.519). Positive cytology under PIPAC treatment is more frequently encountered in patients with higher PCI and symptomatic ascites. Cytoversion was rarely observed and cytology status had no impact on treatment decisions in this cohort.

Prognostic Value of Peritoneal Lavage Cytology in Potentially Resectable Pancreatic Cancer Stratified by Cytologic Status.

Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with positive peritoneal lavage cytology (CY) reportedly have poor prognoses. However, the value of diagnosis of suspicious for malignancy on CY is unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the prognostic impact of CY by focusing on CY subgroups. Data were collected from 231 resectable PDAC patients who underwent curative-intent resection. Patients were divided into three CY-based groups: negative (CY0), suspicious for malignancy (CY-S), and positive (CY1). Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic factors were analyzed. CY1 and CY-S were diagnosed in 7.8% and 3.9% of the patients, respectively. The CY1 group had significantly larger tumors and higher frequencies of distal tumors, anterior pancreatic tissue invasion, retropancreatic tissue invasion, and R1 resection than the CY0 group. Patient characteristics did not differ between the CY0 and CY-S groups. The CY1 group exhibited worse survival than the CY0 and CY-S groups (median survival time: 18.8 vs. 39.6 months, p=0.0021 and vs. 62.2 months, p=0.018). Multivariate analysis for survival indicated that a tumor size >2 cm, preoperative CA19-9 value >100 U/ml, CY1, lymph node metastasis, R1 resection, and lack of adjuvant chemotherapy were associated with poor prognosis. Both the CY1 and CY-S groups had higher frequencies of peritoneal recurrence than the CY0 group (50% vs. 11.8%, p<0.001 and 44.4% vs. 11.8%, p=0.019). The prognosis of the CY1 group was poor. Although CY-S was associated with a higher frequency of peritoneal recurrence than CY0, the long-term outcomes of patients with surgical treatment were acceptable.

Detection of human papillomavirus in fresh and dried urine through an automated system for cervical cancer screening in low- and middle-income countries.

The majority of cervical cancer cases and associated deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where sociocultural barriers, poor access to prevention and care, and technical and practical difficulties hinder screening coverage improvement. Using urine specimens for human papillomaviruses (HPV) molecular screening through automated testing platforms can help to overcome these problems. We evaluated the high-risk (HR) HPV detection performance of the Xpert® HPV test on GeneXpert® System (Cepheid), on fresh and dried urine (Dried Urine Spot [DUS]) samples as compared to an in-house polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping assay. Forty-five concentrated urine samples collected from women with known cytological and HPV infection status, determined through in-house PCR and genotyping assays, were tested "as is" and as DUS with the Xpert® HPV test. This system detected HR-HPV in 86.4% of fresh and in 77.3% of dried urine samples collected from HPV+ women, correctly identifying HR-HPV infection in 100% of women with low- and high-grade lesions. High concordance (91.4%, k = 0.82) was found between PCR test and Xpert® HPV Test from urine. Urine-based Xpert® HPV test seems to be a suitable screening test for detection of HR-HPV infections associated with low- and high-grade lesions requiring follow-up monitoring or treatment. This methodology, relying on noninvasively collected samples and on available rapid testing platforms, could facilitate large, at-scale screening programs, particularly in LMICs and rural areas, thus reducing adverse outcomes of HPV infection and facilitating achievement of the WHO cervical cancer elimination goal.

Comparison of Chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) Accessions from Mexico, Japan, and Myanmar Using Reproductive Characters and Microsatellite Markers.

Promoting neglected and underutilized crop species is a possible solution to deal with the complex challenges of global food security. Chayote is a Neglected and Underutilized Cucurbit Species (NUCuS), which is recognized as a fruit vegetable in Latin America and is widely grown in Asia and Africa. However, basic biological knowledge about the crop is insufficient in scientific sources, especially outside of its center of origin. In this study, limited observations on reproductive characters were conducted, differentiating accessions from Mexico, Japan, and Myanmar. Cytological evaluation among Mexican and Japanese accessions showed that the relative nuclear DNA content is 1.55 ± 0.05 pg, the estimated genome size is 1511 at 2C/Mbp, and the observed mitotic chromosomal number is 2n = 28. The genetic diversity of 21 chayote accessions was also examined using six microsatellite markers. A global low genetic heterozygosity (Ho = 0.286 and He = 0.408) and three genetic groups were detected. The results established the basis to provide insights into chayote arrival history in Asia by looking at the crop's reproductive morphology, cytology, and genetic diversity status outside its origin center. This could help in developing sustainable utilization and conservation programs for chayote.

Geotropism and oncogenic potential of HPV infections in cohort study populations in Vojvodina, North region of Serbia

Background/Aim: Geotropism of the human papillomavirus (HPV) represents the heterogeneous distribution of different genotypes worldwide. Aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the HPV infection in women from Vojvodina, Serbia, according to cytological status and pathological changes of cervix - dysplasia and cancer. Methods: The research was conducted as a retrospective study at the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina and the Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina (IPHV). Data from the medical records of female patients treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer at the Department of Gynaecology, Clinic for Surgical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina in Sremska Kamenica in the period from 2016 to 2021 were used, as well as the laboratory findings of the IPHV for a group of patients with normal cytological results of the Papanikolau (PAPA) smear. Results: A total of 731 women, from 20 to 82 years of age, with different cytological results were enrolled. 567 samples were classified as NILM, while 164 samples belong to a group of abnormal histopathology (LSIL/HSIL/cervical cancer). The HPV genotyping assay was performed using the EUROArray HPV test to detect 30 HPV genotypes. In the overall number with normal cytological findings, HPV infection was verified in 242 (42.7 %) patients, of which 135 (55.8 %) were verified with high risk HPV, while 76 (31.4 %) were verified with a mixed group of HPV (Low risk/High risk HPV). Most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16, 31, 53, 51 and 18 in NILM cytological status. In the samples with the abnormal histopathology, the most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16, 33, 31 and 56, while 18 and 39 were equally verified. Genotype 16 was the most prevalent in the examined sample, with a higher prevalence in higher-grade histopathological findings: 18.8 % in LSIL, 31.9 % in HSIL and 75.0 % in cervical cancer samples. Infection with multiple associated genotypes of HPV was not correlated with histopathology. By comparing histopathological diagnosis and age, older patients had higher-grade lesions. Conclusion: Based on the estimated oncogenic potential of HPV genotypes as well as their prevalence in presented sample, it can be concluded that the nine-valent HPV vaccine for genotypes 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58 would have the potential to prevent HPV infection and the incidence of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer in about 85 % of women. Observing trends in the prevalence of HPV, especially HR HPV genotypes, can be important in the further strategy of applying secondary and primary prevention, as well as the application of HPV detection as part of co-testing or considering the introduction of HPV testing in the initial screening program.

Prognostic factors of adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary: a Turkish retrospective multicenter study.

To define the clinical, histopathological features and the prognostic factors affecting survival in patients with adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary (AGCT). A 322 patients whose final pathologic outcome was AGCT treated at nine tertiary oncology centers between 1988 and 2021 participated in the study. The mean age of the patients was 51.3±11.8 years and ranged from 21 to 82 years. According to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 2014, 250 (77.6%) patients were stage I, 24 (7.5%) patients were stage II, 20 (6.2%) patients were stage III, and 3 (7.8%) were stage IV. Lymphadenectomy was added to the surgical procedure in 210 (65.2%) patients. Lymph node involvement was noted in seven (3.3%) patients. Peritoneal cytology was positive in 19 (5.9%) patients, and 13 (4%) had metastases in the omentum. Of 285 patients who underwent hysterectomy, 19 (6.7%) had complex hyperplasia with atypia/endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia, and 8 (2.8%) had grade 1 endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. It was found that 93 (28.9%) patients in the study group received adjuvant treatment. Bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin was the most commonly used chemotherapy protocol. The median follow-up time of the study group was 41 months (range, 1-276 months). It was noted that 34 (10.6%) patients relapsed during this period, and 9 (2.8%) patients died because of the disease. The entire cohort had a 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) of 86% and a 5-year disease-specific survival of 98%. Recurrences were observed only in the pelvis in 13 patients and the extra-abdominal region in 7 patients. The recurrence rate increased 6.168-fold in patients with positive peritoneal cytology (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.914-19.878; p=0.002), 3.755-fold in stage II-IV (95% CI=1.275-11.063; p=0.016), and 2.517-fold in postmenopausal women (95% CI=1.017-6.233; p=0.046) increased. In this study, lymph node involvement was detected in 3.3% of patients with AGCT. Therefore, it was concluded that lymphadenectomy can be avoided in primary surgical treatment. Positive peritoneal cytology, stage, and menopausal status were independent prognostic predictors of DFS.

Combined Shear Wave Elastography and EU TIRADS in Differentiating Malignant and Benign Thyroid Nodules.

Although multimodal ultrasound approaches have been suggested to potentially improve the diagnosis of thyroid cancer; the diagnostic utility of the combination of SWE and malignancy-risk stratification systems remains vague due to the lack of standardized criteria. The purpose of the study was to assess the diagnostic value of the combination of grey scale ultrasound assessment using EU TIRADS and shear wave elastography. 121 patients (126 nodules-81 benign; 45 malignant) underwent grey scale ultrasound and SWE imaging of nodules between 0.5 cm and 5 cm prior to biopsy and/or surgery. Nodules were analyzed based on size stratifications: &lt;1 cm (n = 43); 1-2 cm (n = 52) and &gt;2 cm (n = 31) and equivocal cytology status (n = 52), and diagnostic performance assessments were conducted. The combination of EU TIRADS with SWE using the SD parameter; maintained a high sensitivity and significantly improved the specificity of sole EU TIRADS for nodules 1-2 cm (SEN: 72.2% vs. 88.9%, p &gt; 0.05; SPEC: 76.5% vs. 55.9%, p &lt; 0.01) and &gt;2 cm (SEN: 71.4% vs. 85.7%, p &gt; 0.05; SPEC: 95.8% vs. 62.5%, p &lt; 0.01). For cytologically-equivocal nodules; the combination with the SWE minimum parameter resulted in a significant reduction in sensitivity with increased specificity (SEN: 60% vs. 80%; SPEC: 83.4% vs. 37.8%; all p &lt; 0.05). SWE in combination with EU TIRADS is diagnostically efficient in discriminating nodules &gt; 1 cm but is not ideal for discriminating cytologically-equivocal nodules.