Cytochemical Characters Research Articles

Histomorphological and Cytochemical Characters of Endocrine Cells of the Gastrointestinal Mucosa of Duck (Anas platyrhynchos)

Background: It is known that balance diet is the key success for better production in poultry. The digestive physiology is regulated by the neurocrine and endocrine secretions. Growth, secretion, motility, cell signalling, vasoregulation, cell proliferation and differentiation of the epithelial cells of the alimentary canal are reported to be controlled by the peptides or amines released from the gut endocrine cells and enteric neurons. References particularly on systematic study of gastrointestinal endocrine cells in duck as regards to histomorphology and cytochemistry are gravely scanty. Hence the present investigation envisages authenticating the histomorphological characters and cytochemical behaviour of the gastrointestinal endocrine cells in duck.Methods: For this study the abdomen of six Khaki campbell ducks from either sex was cut open following euthanasia. Tissue pieces from different segments of gut were collected and processed routinely to get 7-8µ thick serial paraffin sections. The tissue sections were stained for evaluation of histomorphological and histochemical characters of the entero-endocrine cells.Result: A panel of seven cytochemical stains identified nine endocrine cell types in the digestive mucosa of Khaki Campbell duck i.e. basally granulated oval cell, densely granulated spindle shaped cell, densely granulated oval cell, diffusely granulated oval cell, pyramidal cell, densely granulated elongated cell, densely granulated pyriform cell, peripherally granulated spherical cell and non-argentaffin chromaffin oval cell. The cells occurred in single or in small clusters in the basal or middle or neck part of glandular epithelium or in the surface epithelium. All the endocrine cells were ‘close type’. Cytochemically they were four types i.e. argentaffin, argyrophil, chromaffin and APUD (Amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation) cells.

Detection of recurrent balanced translocations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Multiplex RT-PCR

Background: Diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has to be established by immunophenotyping and molecular testing for presence of recurrent genetic aberrations. This helps clinician to plan therapeutic protocol as AMLs are a heterogenous group of malignancies having varied response to treatment and prognosis. Multiplex Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is method capable of detecting 28 known fusion-transcripts of acute leukemia including cryptic translocations which would otherwise be missed on conventional cytogenetics. Methods: In this case series, a total of 19 consecutive patients diagnosed as AML were included. Morphology and cytochemical character of blasts were ascertained. Immunophenotying was carried out by flowcytometry. Messenager RNA (mRNA) was extracted from peripheral blood or bone marrow aspirates and converted to Complimentary DNA (cDNA). The cDNA was then subjected to multiplex RT-PCR for presence of fusion-transcripts using primers from Hemavision kit, DNA technologies, Denmark. The amplified product was correlated with the morphological, cytochemical and immunophenotypic character of AML. Result: Of the 19 cases of AML, 12 cases showed amplification of a fusion transcript. Most cases with fusion-transcripts showed an expected blast morphology and immunophenotype. Multiplex RT-PCR picked up presence of rare translocations such as t(16,21), t(9;22), t(6;9) and t(3;5), with unique clinicopathological features. Conclusion: Multiplex RT-PCR is a unique assay to identify multiple known recurrent genetic aberrations, including many splice variants. This aids in accurate subtyping of AML and helps the clinician to formulate a specific treatment plan for the patient. DOI: 10.21276/apalm.2017.1071

Megasporogenesis and early megagametogenesis

Qualitative and quantitative data on organelle distribution during megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis were discussed. Megaspocyte and megaspore ultrastructural and cytochemical characters were related to developmental stages and embryo sac formation. The role of nucellus was considered

Quantitative characters of male generative structure cells of wheat, rye, and wheat-rye hybrids during microsporogenesis

The optical density indices of nucleoli and cytoplasm of male generative cells during microsporogenesis have been estimated for wheat, rye and F1 of wheat-rye hybrids using RNA staining. The correlation between RNA con tent in the nucleolus and the cytoplasm of investigated cells has been estimated. The dynamics of correlation between the nucleolus volume and RNA content in the nucleolus/ the cytoplasm has been shown for wheat and hybrids cells during microsporogenesis. The essential differences depending on genotype for quantitative karyometrical and cytochemical character expression have been determined for parental forms, as well as dependence of expression of these characters in the cells of FI wheat-rye hybrids on wheat maternal form.

Myeloproliferative disorder due to abnormal production of hematopoietic stimulators

A new kind of myeloproliferative disorder (L-8313) has been discovered. It was transplantable into syngeneic mice with spleen cells. The mice showed hepato-splenomegaly with a marked leukocytosis and anemia 3 weeks after transplantation of L-8313 cells. The number of GM-CFU and CFU-S per spleen increased to more than 40 times normal. The results of chromosomal and PGK analysis demonstrated that these increased stem cells were of host origin. Both the culture medium of the spleen cells and the serum from L-8313 bearing mice showed high levels of IL-3, BPA and CSF. Consequently, hematopoietic cells of the host mice underwent remarkable proliferation in response to these stimulating factors when L-8313 cells were transplanted. We also have been successful in establishing an in-vitro cell line and have maintained it for over one year. The phenotype of L-8313 cells was Thy 1.2 positive. Some L-8313 cells showed a positive acid phosphatase reaction but the cytochemical character of myeloid lineage was not observed. Therefore, L-8313 is considered to be a T-cell derived hematopoietic regulatory cell neoplasm with the ability to produce several hematopoietic stimulating factors.

クルマエビの食道上神経節にみられるPAS陽性顆粒含有細胞の電顕的観察

As reported previously, peculiar cells were detected in the supraoesophageal ganglion of the prawn. These cells contained a granular substance, resernbling a grain of rice in shape. Histochemical exmination under light microscope revealed that the substance was PAS-positive. The present study by electron microscopy deals with the ultrastructure and the re-identification of the cytochemical character of this substance. The results obtained from this study are as follows. 1) The granular substance possesses no limiting membrane and seems to have a polysaccharide character, because of positive reaction to silver proteinate. 2) Internally and peripherally, there exist many cored or granular vesicles, which are suggested to be functionally associated with Golgiapparatus.

Three inclusions of rhizobial bacteroids and their cytochemical character

Six strains of Rhizobium, present as bacteroids, in Lotus nodules were studied by electron microscopy. Three inclusion bodies frequently detected are described and their distribution among the strains is given. Cytochemical techniques indicated that they have, as principal components, polyphosphate, lipid and neutral polysaccharide, probably glycogen, respectively.

The occurrence of some enzymatic activities in the differentiation of nerve tissue of gallus embryos in cultures in vitro.

The occurrence and localization of Succinicodehydrogenase, Lacticodehydrogenase, Monoaminoxidase and Acetylcholinesterase have been studied in cultures in vitro of spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, cerebellum and optic tectum of chicken embryos. Explantations have been made before the morphological and functional differentiation of the neurons of the centres considered took place. All the neurons differentiated in vitro show a high concentration of SDH and LDH, whereas the activity of these two enzymes results to be much lower in the other cultures' elements (glial cells, fibroblasts). Research-works on the AChE and MAO distribution and concentration within the neurons differentiated in vitro show that there differentiate in culture neurons which have morphological and cytochemical characters similar to those of the corresponding neurons in vivo. An important exception is the AChE occurrence in the Purkinje neurons differentiated in vitro; the possible reasons for this behaviour are examined in the text. The data mentioned in the paper allow the conclusion that the various types of neuroblasts explanted in vitro are not only able to reach the morphological differentiation, but also to acquire specific biochemical characters, directly related to the neuron functionality.

Monographie De La Glande Androgène Des Crustacés Supérieurs

The androgenic gland discovered in 1954 in the amphipod Orchestia gammarellus has been described in all the superorders of the higher Crustacea, except the Syncarida which have not yet been investigated. The androgenic gland is localized in the last thoracic segment, against the subterminal, ejaculatory part of the vas deferens. In the Isopoda and the Tanaidacea the gland may occur, according to the species, in front of or along the testicular utricles, against the seminal vesicle or against the vas deferens. In addition, it is often closely joined with the genital apparatus. The androgenic gland seems of genital origin. It acquires progressively in the course of the first intermolts (after the acquisition of the specific form) the morphological, cytological and cytochemical characters of the adult gland. The histological structure of the androgenic gland is relatively varied: types in simple strands, compound strands, spherules or lobules. The cytological aspect assumes, by contrast, a great uniformity. The size of the nuclei may vary between 3 and 10 μ, but the cytoplasm is always strongly pyroninophilous in summer. Holocrine secretion seems to be the general mode of functioning of the androgenic gland. Although interesting results have been recorded, many particulars remain still to be supplied on the histogenesis, histochemistry, the embryonic and postembryonic development of the androgenic gland

Coccidia and Coccidiosis in the Domestic Fowl and Turkey

Publisher Summary Within recent years, attention has been given to the re-examination of the pathology of coccidiosis and the life-cycles of the Eimeriidae occurring in fowls and turkeys and, especially of those species associated with disease in the avian host. The Eimeria are well suited to the application of cytochemical methods on account of their relatively large size and easy identification in host tissues. Immunity plays an important part in the epidemiology and chemotherapy of the disease (coccidiosis) associated with coccidial infestations. Attempts to determine the mechanism that develops immunity and to extend the knowledge of this complicated phenomenon have been made. This chapter discusses the consideration of these aspects of recent researches. The pathology and the life cycles of the species of Eimeria occurring in fowls and turkeys are explained. The potential oocyst production of different species of coccidia not only influences the development of the immunity in a flock but also has a direct bearing on possible economic losses. In view of the self-limiting life-cycle of coccidia, the renewed oocyst production is difficult to understand in the absence of reinfection. The chapter discusses the cytochemical characters of the various stages of coccidial life cycle and describes the immunity to coccidiosis.

Inclusion bodies of the vaccinia virus.

SummaryTwo kinds of inclusion bodies, “A” and “B” type, exist in tissues infected with ectromelia, fowl pox and vaccinia viruses. “B” type inclusion bodies of these 3 pox group viruses have almost the same morphological and cytochemical characters. The “A” type inclusion bodies of these viruses differ according to virus and host cell. The frequency of the appearance of the “A” type inclusion body of vaccinia virus is lowest as compared with the “A” type inclusion body of the other 2 viruses. The so-called Guarnieri body in smear preparations stained by Giemsa solution is “B” type inclusion body. It differs from the so-called Guarnieri body in sections stained by hematoxylin-eosin which was named “A” type inclusion body.