Cytocentrifuge Technique Research Articles

Utility of Indigenous Cytology Technique in the Diagnosis of Oral Cavity Lesions using Normal Saline as a Processing Fluid: A Comparative Study.

Oral cancer is a major health problem in developing countries. Cytology has been widely accepted as a tool in the early diagnosis of cancer. To evaluate the diagnostic utility of four different cytology techniques, that is, modified brush cytology (BR) technique, brush cytology cytocentrifugation (BRCC) technique, modified scrape cytology (SR) technique, and scrape cytology cytocentrifugation (SRCC) technique and correlate the cytopathological diagnosis with the available histopathological diagnosis. It was a prospective observational study of oral cavity lesions conducted from January 2018 to December 2018 at a rural tertiary care referral institute. Smears prepared by four different techniques, that is, BR technique, BRCC technique, SR technique and SRCC technique were evaluated using a scoring system. Normal saline was used as a processing fluid for cytocentrifugation techniques, and the cytological diagnosis was compared with an available histopathological diagnosis for concordance. Twenty-seven cases of oral cavity lesions were analyzed. Squamous cell carcinoma (55.56%) constituted the most common lesion diagnosed by cytology. Total concordance was 95.65%. Brush cytology techniques were better technique than scrape cytology techniques. Cytocentrifugation techniques were better than modified brush cytology technique and modified scrape cytology technique and the values were statistically highly significant (P<0.0001). The utility of only normal saline as a processing fluid for cytocentrifugation may be considered an unexplored and prudent endeavor. This indigenously designed technique may be employed to improve the quality of cytological preparation for the evaluation of oral cavity lesions.

Utility of Reprocessing of Unsatisfactory ThinPrep Paps Using Megafunnel Cytocentrifugation Technique

Utility of Reprocessing of Unsatisfactory ThinPrep Paps Using Megafunnel Cytocentrifugation Technique

Cerebrospinal fluid cytology: a highly diagnostic method for the detection of diseases of the central nervous system

Abstract Cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a technically simple, yet productive diagnostic procedure. The cytocentrifuge technique is the most commonly utilized method to concentrate the generally scant cellular components of CSF. There are several preanalytical and analytical pitfalls causing artefacts and making proper assessment of the CSF cell preparation more difficult or even impossible. The common cell types of CSF are lymphocytes and monocytes including their activated forms. Cytologic examination of inflammatory conditions puts emphasis on the cellular composition of CSF caused by bacterial infections compared to viral infections and noninfectious inflammatory diseases of the brain. Concerning non-neoplastic disorders, diagnosis of subarachnoidal hemorrhage is of special interest and a main field of application of CSF cytology. The cytology of neoplastic disorders encounters three typical constellations the investigator is usually confronted with: either a primary malignancy is already known and dissemination to the meninges shall be evaluated or clinical and neuroradiological findings are suggestive of neoplastic meningitis though without sufficient evidence of the primary tumor. And third, a spinal tap is performed for other reasons and malignant cells are an incidental finding.

Optimized method for murine bone marrow collection, fixation and staining for microscopic evaluation

Murine bone marrow smear examination can be requested as a supplemental parameter to assist in the identification of hematotoxic effects of a new compound or to confirm known target biology on hematopoiesis. Cellular heterogeneity and the presence of cells at variable developmental stages challenges the identification of cell lineages and the accurate interpretation of cytomorphologic changes even in an ideally processed and stained bone marrow slide preparation. Optimal microscopic evaluation of bone marrow is predicated on a standardized technique for quality sample collection, slide preparation, cellular fixation, and staining. To determine an optimal protocol for murine bone marrow slide preparation, potential factors influencing slide quality were examined including: method of cell harvest, smear preparation technique, interval from sample collection to processing, addition/absence of protein, and tinctorial characteristics of standard cytochemical stains. This research communication describes the effect of these tested variables on bone marrow slide quality and outlines an optimized procedure to prepare murine bone marrow smears for cytologic evaluation using a cytocentrifugation technique.

Correlação entre a contagem automática de células somáticas e a porcentagem de neutrófilos pela citometria de fluxo e pela técnica de citocentrifugação

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a correlação entre a contagem automática de células somáticas (CCS) com a porcentagem de neutrófilos pela técnica de citocentrifugação e pela citometria de fluxo. Para tal, 102 amostras de leite proveniente de 28 vacas da raça Holandesa foram coletadas e submetidas ao isolamento de células do leite e posterior identificação da população de neutrófilos. Após citocentrifugação, os neutrófilos foram identificados por microscopia óptica utilizando-se o corante de Rosenfeld. Os neutrófilos lácteos foram identificados por citometria de fluxo utilizando anticorpo monoclonal específico (CH138A) e anticorpo monoclonal secundário conjugado à ficoeritrina. O presente estudo demonstrou correlação positiva entre a CCS e a porcentagem de neutrófilos por citometria de fluxo (r= 0,625) e pela técnica de citocentrifugação (r= 0,267). Observou-se também correlação positiva entre a porcentagem de neutrófilos pela citometria de fluxo e pela técnica de citocentrifugação (r = 0,496), embora a porcentagem de neutrófilos no leite tenha sido maior pela técnica de citocentrifugação quando comparada com a citometria de fluxo. Deste modo, o presente estudo indica que a citometria de fluxo pode ser uma ferramenta útil no diagnóstico e controle da mastite bovina.

On‐site cytopathology for endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration of solid pancreatic masses

On‐site cytopathology for endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration of solid pancreatic masses

Accuracy of a low priced liquid‐based method for cervical cytology in 632 women referred for colposcopy after a positive Pap smear

The aim of this quality controlling study was to determine the accuracy of liquid-based cytology (LBC) with the Turbitec cytocentrifuge technique. Cervical smears of 632 women, who were referred to our CIN outpatient department, after at least two smears with ASCUS or higher were evaluated and compared with the histological outcome. In 592 cases the smears revealed abnormalities of squamous epithelium, and in 40 cases the abnormalities of glandular epithelium. In the group of squamous epithelium abnormalities, the sensitivity for LSIL was 39.7% and the specificity was 89.2%; for the LSIL+ group, these values were 89.4% and 91.4%, respectively. For HSIL the sensitivity was 68.3% and the specificity 92.8%, for the HSIL+ group 82.3% and 92.3%, respectively. The ASCUS rate was low (2.4%). The Turbitec cytocentrifuge method was proved to be a very good LBC method for cervical smears. Because of a comparable accuracy together with a lower price, this LBC method outweighs commercial alternatives.

Lymphocyte contamination of laryngoscope blades – a possible vector for transmission of variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is associated with extensive prion infection of lymphoreticular tissues during the prolonged asymptomatic incubation period. Instruments exposed to infected tissues of preclinically infected individuals during medical or surgical procedures represent a potential risk of iatrogenic transmission of vCJD prions. We assessed the frequency of contamination with lymphoid tissue of single-use laryngoscope blades used for tracheal intubation for general anaesthesia. Using a cyto-centrifugation technique, lymphocytes were detected from 30% of laryngoscope blades studied. As prions resist routine sterilisation procedures, the use of non-disposable laryngoscope blades poses a risk of transmitting vCJD from patient to patient. The use of such instruments should be abandoned and disposable alternatives used.

ＲＣ‐Ｍ・Ａ・Ｐの微小凝集塊について 構成成分の検討

The presence of microaggregates in transfusion blood is a well known cause of adverse effects in recipient patients. Few studies, however, have examined in datail microaggregate formation in Red cell Concentrate preserved in MAP solution (RC-M·A·P). This situation contrasts with the many reports concernings macroaggregates in these products.In this study we analyzed microaggregates in RC-M·A·P stored two or three weeks using light and scanning electron microscopic observation, immunofluoressent detection of constituents, and PCR analysis. The microaggregates consisted of disrupted platelets, granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, small quantities of DNA, and, importantly, fibrin fibers. This composition suggested that, in RC-M·A·P, fibrin but not DNA played a major role in microaggregate formation, causing adhesion of blood cell debris. These findings contrast with those of previous studies of macroaggregates in RC-M·A·P, which indicated leukocyte DNA to be the adhesive core.Further, this study indicates the importance of the improved cytocentrifugation technique we developed and used here. Without this method, collection of microaggregates would have been a laborious and time-consuming proccess.

A rapid and simple method of extracting asbestos bodies from lung tissue by cytocentrifugation.

During analyses of alkali digested lung tissue for asbestos bodies, we observed that the number of asbestos bodies in the discarded waste frequently exceeded the number in the filtered residue, the number reported in the standard diagnostic method. This observation led to the exploration of alternative techniques that would optimize the recovery of asbestos bodies. We describe a new, simple, and rapid method for extracting asbestos bodies from digested lung tissue using a cytocentrifuge, in which the waste extraction and filtration steps are eliminated. Samples of digested lung tissue are ready for light microscopy after 10 minutes of cytocentrifugation directly onto a glass slide. The standard method was compared with the cytocentrifuge technique using lung tissue from four asbestos-exposed workers and four controls with no known history of exposure. The number of asbestos bodies extracted by the centrifuge method was, on average, seven times higher than the number found with the standard method. A detailed quantitative study was made of the case that had the most asbestos bodies (comparison of the number of asbestos bodies counted in both "residue" and "waste", applying the filtration and cytocentrifuge methods). The number of asbestos bodies found in the discarded waste significantly exceeded the number in the "reportable" filtered residue.

CSF cytology in the neonate.

• We examined the CSF of 46 noninfected neonates with birth weights ranging from 650 to 4,000 g, using the new cytocentrifuge technique. The macrophage was the predominant cell in the CSF in most cases. (Am J Dis Child1982;136:297-298)

PMNs in normal spinal fluid examined by the cytocentrifuge technique.

The presence in unconcentrated CSF specimens of even a single polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell has been regarded as diagnostic of central nervous system (CNS) disease. In 18 of 50 consecutive cytocentrifuged specimens obtained from patients without evidence of CNS disease, however, we found 1 to 6 PMN cells. The observation of occasional PMN cells in concentrated CSF specimens does not appear to be diagnostic of a CNS abnormality.

A 9/11 translocation in a child with Ph1-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia

with either the subarachnoid space or ventricles (Fig. 1). The fluid was cloudy; numerous lipomacrophages were demonstrated by microscopic examination with the cytocentrifuge technique. The lipomacrophages stained strongly with Sudan IV. A successful ventriculogram was performed through the left ventricle. The fluid was clear with 7 RBC and 0 WBC. Bilateral selective internal carotid arteriography revealed all major vessels patent and free from intrinsic lesions. At 6 months of age Patient C. J. was profoundly retarded, opisthotonic with marked positive right-sided transillumination, and a head circumference of 44 cm. Repeat ventriculogram showed further enlargement of the ventricles and clear acellular fluid in the persistent right porencephalic cyst.

Evaluation of a cytocentrifuge technique. Effects on quantitative determination of Feulgen-deoxyribonucleic acid and total dry mass of human leukemic cells.

The cytocentrifuge has been used as a tool to obtain preparations from suspension cultures suitable for quantitative cytochemical analysis. Three continuous suspension cultures of human lymphocytic cells (CCRF-CEM, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; CCRF-RKB, infectious mononucleosis; and EB-3, Burkitt's lymphoma) and a suspension of mouse inguinal lymph node lymphocytes were examined for quantitative differential effects on cellular dry mass and Feulgen-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contents caused by cytocentrifugation. When using a cytocentrifuge technique which results in a dry preparation, a quantitative loss was observed for cellular dry mass but not for Feulgen-DNA. However, if a medium which prevented bursting, swelling or loss of cellular constituents during cytocentrifugation was used and if the preparation was maintained in the wet state (no air-drying), acceptable preparations for both dry mass and Feulgen-DNA quantitation can be obtained. These and other observations on centrifugal force, centrifuge time and suspending medium emphasize the importance of specimen preparation when quantitating cell parameters that may themselves be altered by the method of preparation.