Cysticercosis Cellulosae Research Articles

Review of cysticercosis of maxillofacial region and report of two cases

Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium, which very rarely manifests in the maxillofacial region. It usually presents as a painless swelling. The most common site for maxillofacial cysticercosis are the tongue and lips. When humans accidently ingest the eggs of Taenia solium, they become the intermediate host, a role which is typically played by pig. This paper describes two cases of cysticercosis cellulosae, presenting as non-tender swelling of left buccal mucosa and left temporalis region respectively. Case reports available on PubMed were searched and a review was performed. Excision of cystic lesion was the treatment modality in majority of published reports. It is emphasised that cysticercosis should be considered in differential diagnosis of solitary painless swellings of oral and maxillofacial region, especially in patients from an endemic region.

CYSTICERCOSIS CHEEK IN A PAEDIATRIC PATIENT – A RARE CASE

Cysticercosis cellulosae is a systemic parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of pork tapeworm, taenia solium which involve humans as either a denitive or secondary host. It is a common disease in developing countries. The cases presenting as an isolated muscle mass is an extremely rare entity and demands documentation. Herein, we present a case of healthy pediatric patient who presented with unilateral cheek swelling which on ultrasound suggested a benign cystic lesion. The diagnosis was conrmed on ne needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).

Isolated lingual cysticerscosis: a rare case report

<p class="abstract">Taenia solium completes its life cycle in two hosts. Generally, cysticercosis results from accidental ingestion of the eggs of taenia solium through faeco‐oral contamination or autoinfection cysticercosis is commonly found in muscular and subcutaneous tissues. Central nervous system and eye are commonly affected. Despite abundant intermuscular tissue in oral cavity, it is uncommon site for cysticercosis because of high muscular activity and metabolic rate of oral tissues. We present a case of a 21-year-old male, presented with painless solitary swelling in the ventral aspect of tip of tongue at the centre. Excision of the swelling was done followed by histopathological examination. The histopathological examination revealed cysticercosis cellulosae in tongue musculature. Histopathological picture showed cysticercus larva surrounded by a double layered membrane. The patient was given albendazole 200 mg TDS for 30 days. One-year follow-up showed no signs of recurrence. Lingual cysticercosis usually presents as diagnostic dilemma. Complete excision along with histopathological examination is diagnostic. Infestation in this region is relatively mild as compared to ocular or neurocysticercosis. However, the patients should be examined thoroughly and followed up for possible concurrent ophthalmologic and neurologic involvements as well. </p>

In-silico structural, functional and immunogenic characterization of Taenia solium TS14 protein

TS14, a Cysticercosis cellulosae derived protein, has been exploited for immunodiagnosis of cysticercosis in humans and pigs. However, the information on structure, function, stability and immunogenicity of TS14 derived from different isolates is primarily lacking. The present study deals with in-silico characterization of six TS14 isolates. High thermostability and an isoelectric point of 9.41 were recorded. Based on N-terminal amino acid residues, high resistance to intracellular proteases with extended in-vivo and in-vitro half-lives was predicted. TS14 is foreseen as a secretory protein with a signal peptide and an extracellular localization. Structural analysis of TS14 exhibited the dominance of helices in the secondary structure (92% coverage) with majority of residues showing high and medium solvent accessibility. High lysine content and presence of multiple nucleotide binding sites in TS14 suggests interaction with RNA/DNA and a role in their metabolism. Immunogenic profiling predicted presence of four distinct B-cell epitopes. Mutational analysis based on the single amino acid substitutions among six TS14 isolates demonstrated minor variations in structural stability; however, all the substitutions were well tolerated. Moreover, all the isolates revealed almost identical immunogenic profile with an equivocal potential to elicit the antibody-mediated immune response.

Cysticercosis presenting as Neck Swelling: A Rare Case diagnosed on Ultrasound Report

ABSTRACTIntroductionCysticercosis is a condition that occurs when humans are infested by the larvae ofTaenia solium, acting as an intermediate host instead of definitive occurrence in neural and extra-neural forms. The latter commonly involves subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscles, and eyes.Aims and objectivesOral cysticercosis is a rare event, and it represents great difficulty for clinical diagnosis. In present report we report a case of cysticercosis in the right submandibular region where it presented as a large, soft cystic swelling and tried to explain the clinical sign & symptom of oral cysticercosis. We emphasize on the importance of ultrasonographic and routine microscopic examinations for the diagnosis of even apparently innocuous lesions in submandibular regions.ResultsThis is a very rare case of oral cysticercosis showing neck swelling extended from the lower border of the mandible to the thyroid cartilage. The diagnosis was made by sonography and confirmed by gross and microscopic examination of cysticercosis cellulosae. In ultrasonography, there was well-defined cystic lesion with hyperechoic eccentric tiny nodules.How to cite this articleChandak RM, Chandak MG, Rawlani SM. Cysticercosis presenting as Neck Swelling: A Rare Case diagnosed on Ultrasound Report. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(2):122-124.

Fine needle aspiration cytology of subcutaneous cysticercosis: a study of 16 cases

Background: Cysticercosis is an important parasitic infection more prevalent in developing countries. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an easy, low cost and fairly accurate method in diagnosing the disease. The main objective is to study the clinico-cytological profile of patients diagnosed with cysticercosis cellulosae. Methods: The present study was descriptive observational cross sectional study done over a period of four years during which FNAC was done in patients presenting with subcutaneous and intramuscular nodules at various sites. After detailed clinical history and clinical examination, the character of aspirate was noted. In each case, three alcohol fixed smears were prepared, first smear was stained with Papanicolaou stain, second with Giemsa stain and third one was kept unstained for any further required stain. Subsequent excision biopsy was also performed in patients suspected to have cysticercosis. Results: A total of 16 cases of cysticercosis were diagnosed on FNAC and subsequently confirmed by excision biopsy over a four year period. Out of the 16 cases 11 (68.7%) were females and 5 (31.3%) were males. The mean age at diagnosis was 24 years. Most common site of involvement was upper extremity followed by neck. In most cases provisional clinical diagnosis was lipoma. In 10 cases out of 16 cases, actual parasitic structures were demonstrated. Only one case showed presence of hooklet. 5 cases showed presence of only acellular granular material with no parasite. The background population in most of the cases were predominantly eosinophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils with multinucleated giant cells in some cases. Conclusions: The high accuracy coupled with low cost and quick results make FNAC an important outpatient procedure for diagnosis of cysticercosis. In any soft tissue nodular swelling, possibility of cysticercosis must be kept in mind, especially in endemic areas.

Cysticercosis Cellulosae of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

ABSTRACTCysticercosis is an infection caused by the larval form of the pork tapewormTaenia solium. We present a rare case of a 25-year-old adult presenting with neck swelling in the upper part of neck appearing to arise from sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle. A definitive diagnosis could not be established on the basis of computed tomography and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The patient was taken up for incision biopsy, which confirmed cysticercosis. The case is reported to reinforce the fact that parasitic etiology should be kept in mind while dealing with a case of neck swelling.How to cite this articleGupta N, Gupta M. Cysticercosis Cellulosae of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):113-115.

Intraocular Cysticercosis – A Differential Diagnosis for Leukocoria

Cysticercosis: is a systemic parasitic disease caused by the larval form of cestode Taenia solium. It has a worldwide distribution and is potentially harmful with variable clinical manifestations. The most commonly involved sites include eye, brain, bladder wall and heart. Ocular cysticercosis can be extraocular or intraocular and may present with varied clinical symptoms. We report the condition in a 10-year old female child who presented with redness and painful diminution of vision in right eye for 5 days, where in cysticercosis cellulosae cyst was found intraocular within the vitreous body. Multiple sites of involvement were noted including Central Nervous System, lungs and spleen. This case is reported to highlight the prime importance of systemic evaluation of a patient of ocular cysticercosis, relative rarity of this condition these days and young age of the patient.

Parasitic infections based on 320 clinical samples submitted to Hanyang University, Korea (2004-2011).

We analyzed 320 clinical samples of parasitic infections submitted to the Department of Environmental Biology and Medical Parasitology, Hanyang University from January 2004 to June 2011. They consisted of 211 nematode infections, 64 trematode or cestode infections, 32 protozoan infections, and 13 infections with arthropods. The nematode infections included 67 cases of trichuriasis, 62 of anisakiasis (Anisakis sp. and Pseudoterranova decipiens), 40 of enterobiasis, and 24 of ascariasis, as well as other infections including strongyloidiasis, thelaziasis, loiasis, and hookworm infecions. Among the cestode or trematode infections, we observed 27 cases of diphyllobothriasis, 14 of sparganosis, 9 of clonorchiasis, and 5 of paragonimiasis together with a few cases of taeniasis saginata, cysticercosis cellulosae, hymenolepiasis, and echinostomiasis. The protozoan infections included 14 cases of malaria, 4 of cryptosporidiosis, and 3 of trichomoniasis, in addition to infections with Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia, and Toxoplasma gondii. Among the arthropods, we detected 6 cases of Ixodes sp., 5 of Phthirus pubis, 1 of Sarcoptes scabiei, and 1 of fly larva. The results revealed that trichuriasis, anisakiasis, enterobiasis, and diphyllobothriasis were the most frequently found parasitosis among the clinical samples.

Importance of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of cysticercosis of temporalis muscle mimicking temporal space infection

Cysticercosis cellulosae, caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium is a common parasitic infection in Indian subcontinent. Although cysticercosis is common in other parts of the human body, its involvement with temporalis muscle is an extremely rare entity and demands documentation. This paper reports a case of cysticercosis cellulosae in a 35-year-old male patient within the temporalis muscle mimicking temporal space infection; due to the presence of concomitant dental infection, which was diagnosed with the help of high resolution ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging and managed conservatively using oral antiparasitic medication. Here, in this case report, we are emphasizing the importance of imaging modalities in diagnosing space infection and cysticercosis.

Soft Tissue Cysticercosis: Study of 21 Cases

To evaluate the clinico - pathological profile of patients with cysticercosis cellulosae. The clinico - pathological data of patients with cysticercosis cellulosae who were reviewed during the last 5 years, were retrospectively analysed. Of the total 6805 biopsies analysed , 21 cases of cysticercosis in the soft tissues were observed. Excisional biopsy was performed to diagnose the lesion. The pattern of distribution was striated muscles in 11(52.4%), eye in 6 (28.6%), subcutaneous tissues in 2(9.5%), tongue in 1(4.8%) and breast in 1(4.8%) patient. Anterior abdominal wall was the most involved site. Cysticercosis, a parasitic infestation caused by Taenia solium is a major health problem in the developing countries. It is a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for the clinicians. Steps towards control and possible eradication of the disease are needed, as the disease causes not only chronic morbidity, but also contributes to economic losses in an already impoverished population.

Case of Lingual Cysticercosis and Review of Literature

A 30-year-old female presented with a painless solitary swelling at right lateral border of tongue of 2-month duration. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was nonconclusive. Excision biopsy was done. Histopathology revealed cysticercosis cellulosae and parasite visualized in the slide with tongue muscles. Lingual cysticercosis is rare and therefore its literature is reviewed and discussed.

Isolated Cysticercosis Cellulosae of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle: A Case Report with Review of Literature

Human cysticercosis is an infection by the larval stage of the tapeworm. We encountered a rare case of isolated cysticercosis of sternocleidomastoid muscle in a 25year old female. She presented with 2.5×1.5cm firm, dull aching swelling with ill defined margins in right upper part of neck. It appeared to arise in sternocleidomastoid muscle. The diagnosis was established by FNAC, USG and CT scan. Patient was admitted and started on medical treatment. There was complete resolution of symptoms and patient improved to normal after 1month of therapy with albendazole. The case is reported because it is a rare one and to reinforce the fact that parasitic etiology should be kept in mind while dealing with a case of neck swelling.

Cysticercosis Cellulosae in Labial Mucosa: A Rare Case Report

Parasitic cysts rarely affect the oral cavity but cysticercosis cellulosae, the larval form of pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, is occasionally encountered.1 Several have been reported, including cases in the lower lip2, buccal mucosa3,4 and tongue.4 In some instances, the clinical diagnosis was that of mucocele.5 It is also common in cerebral tissue, subcutaneous tissue, muscles, liver, lungs and eye.3,6-8 When cysticerci are located in the brain, eye or cardiac muscle, severe symptoms result. Epilepsy, blindness and cardiac abnormalities are not unusual.1 High incidence areas include regions of Latin America, India, Eastern Europe and South Africa.4,8 The etiology may be because of ingestion of tapeworm ova from raw vegetables, fruits, polluted drinking water and contaminated fingers or by eating contaminated food. The adult worm is found only in humans following the eating of undercooked pork containing cysticerci.9 The diagnosis of cysticercosis must be followed by a thorough medical examination and special investigations to determine whether or not multiple cysticerci and/or an adult tapeworm are present.1 CASE REPORT

Adjuvant Effects of Recombinant Plasmids of Porcine IL-4 and IFN-γ to Cysticercosis cellulosae Vaccines in Mice and Pigs

To investigate the adjuvant potential of porcine IL-4 and IFN-γ in mice and pigs, the genes of porcine IL-4 and IFN-γ were cloned and the recombinant mammalian expression plasmids were constructed for in vivo expression of the cytokines. Adjuvant effects of recombinant expression plasmids of IL-4 and IFN-γ (pcDNA-IL-4, pcDNA-IFN-γ) co-administrated with Cysticercus cellulosae crude antigen or TSOL18 recombinant protein antigen have been carried out in mice and pigs, respectively. We have demonstrated that recombinant plasmids of the cytokines as an adjuvant could induce stronger immune response in mice and pigs. With the C. cellulosae parasite antigen, porcine pcDNA-IL-4 induced higher specific antibody of immunized mice than pcDNA-IFN-γ. But pcDNA-IFN-γ is significantly stronger than that of no adjuvant or empty plasmids with the antigen control group. For the TSOL18 recombinant protein antigen vaccine, pcDNA-IL-4 still had a stronger ability to enhance specific antibody in swine than pcDNA-IFN-γ ( P < 0.01), but the immune protective rate was lower in challenged pigs (only 68.7%). Although pcDNA-IFN-γ showed lower specific antibody, the protection rate was very high (91%) than other group ( P < 0.01). This study indicated that the recombinant expression plasmids of porcine IL-4 and IFN-γ display stronger adjuvant effects to C. cellulosae vaccine, further research should be carried out for understanding of the interaction mechanism.

Cysticercosis of the oral cavity: an often misdiagnosed entity

We present a case report of a single lesion of cysticercosis cellulosae, a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium (pork tapeworm), presenting as a soft tissue swelling of the lower lip. We stress the importance of knowledge about oral manifestations of parasitic infections.

Cysticercosis of tongue — A case report

Tongue is a rare site for cysticercosis cellulosae. Very few cases of solitary cysticercosis of tongue have been reported. We are reporting one such case. Also a review of reported cases in literature, etoipathogenesis, clinical course and management is being described.

Lingual cysticercosis

AbstractA fourtyfive year old male presented with a painless solitary nodular swelling near left lateral border of the tongue of two months duration. Fine needle aspiration cytology lead to no conclusion. Excisional biopsy was done. Histopathology revealed Cysticercosis cellulosae and the parasite could be visualised in the slide along with the tongue muscles.

Cysticercosis Of The Cheek

The cheek is a rare site for cysticercosis cellulosae. Very few cases of solitary cysticercosis of cheek have been reported. We report one such case and discuss the review of literature, etoipathogenesis, clinical course and management.

Subretinal Cysticercosis

[corrected] Cysticercosis is a parasitic infestation of different body organs by Cysticercosis cellulosae, a larval form of the helminth, Taenia solium, known commonly as pork tapeworm. Ocular involvement of cysticercosis is most common. Other sites of infestation include the central nervous system, subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscles, and heart muscle. Patients with ocular cysticercosis may be asymptomatic or suffer mild to severe vision loss. A patient presented with painless vision loss secondary to a parasitic infection by presumed subretinal cysticercosis. The clinical appearance, differential diagnosis, and management of subretinal cysticercosis are discussed. Prompt diagnosis and referral to a retinal surgeon are essential for the successful treatment of this condition.