Cylindrical Shell Research Articles

Deciphering the Evolution of Thermodynamic Properties and their Connection to the Global Kinematics of High-Speed Coronal Mass Ejections Using FRIS Model

Abstract Most earlier studies have been limited to estimating the kinematic evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and only limited efforts have been made to investigate their thermodynamic evolution. We focus on the interplay of the thermal properties of CMEs with their observed global kinematics. We implement the Flux rope Internal State (FRIS) model to estimate variations in the polytropic index, heating rate per unit mass, temperature, pressure, and various internal forces. The model incorporates inputs of 3D kinematics obtained from the Graduated Cylindrical Shell (GCS) model. In our study, we chose nine fast-speed CMEs from 2010 to 2012. Our investigation elucidates that the selected fast-speed CMEs show a heat-release phase at the beginning, followed by a heat-absorption phase with a near-isothermal state in their later propagation phase. The thermal state transition, from heat release to heat absorption, occurs at around 3(±0.3) to 7(±0.7) R⊙ for different CMEs. We found that the CMEs with higher expansion speeds experience a less pronounced sharp temperature decrease before gaining a near-isothermal state. The differential emission measurement (DEM) analysis findings, using multi-wavelength observation from SDO/AIA, also show a heat release state of CMEs at lower coronal heights. We also find the dominant internal forces influencing CME radial expansion at varying distances from the Sun. Our study shows the need to characterize the internal thermodynamic properties of CMEs better in both observational and modeling studies, offering insights for refining assumptions of a constant value of the polytropic index during the evolution of CMEs.

A homogenization model for multiple buckling response of axially compressed cellular cylindrical shells

Pattern transformation in periodic cellular structures induces significant property changes under specific external stimuli, resulting in unusual mechanical behavior. This paper proposes an efficient homogenization method for predicting multiple buckling responses of cellular cylindrical shells composed of such pattern-transformation metamaterial. FEM simulations reveal four distinct buckling modes and three kinds of post-buckling processes, achieved through controlled adjustments in the ratio of cylindrical shell thickness to the radius and structural porosity. An efficient homogenization method with the local buckling in the cellular cylindrical shell modeled as an equivalent plasticity in the homogenized shell enables us to predict the critical buckling stress and the post-buckling morphology in good agreement with FEM simulations, analytical analysis, and experiments. The derived solution for the critical buckling load of the cellular cylindrical shells provides practical insights for designing and applying such cylindrical cellular structures.

Three-dimensional elastic Rayleigh–Taylor instability at the cylindrical interface

This paper presents a linear analysis of elastic Rayleigh–Taylor instability at both cylindrical column and cylindrical shell interfaces. By considering the rotational part of the disturbance flow field, an exact solution is derived, revealing that the most unstable mode is two-dimensional in the cross section. As the column radius decreases, the maximum growth rate increases, while the corresponding azimuthal wave number decreases incrementally until it reaches 1. Thinning the cylindrical shell is found to be a destabilizing effect, leading to an increase in both the cutoff wave number and the most unstable azimuthal wave number. The maximum growth rate usually increases as the shell becomes thinner, except in cases with small radii where feedthrough effects occur. For thin shells with small radii, the cutoff axial wave number is determined by the radius rather than the shell thickness. Comparisons between the growth rates derived from the potential flow theory and the exact solution show significant discrepancies in cylindrical shells, mainly due to substantial deviations in the cutoff wave number.

A comprehensive study of beam modal functions in the free vibration analysis of cylindrical shells: critical examination on the applicability to the clamped-free boundary condition

Over the past few decades, approximate methods that can provide solutions of sufficient accuracy have received considerable attention in the free vibration analysis of cylindrical shells, where a great deal of studies adopted the beam modal functions as the trial functions for the axial mode shapes of cylindrical shells. Nevertheless, most studies were restricted to the application of single term beam modal function and failed to simulate elastic boundary conditions of cylindrical shells, while the accuracy of the corresponding methods has recently sparked significant controversy, especially for cylindrical shells under the clamped-free boundary condition. This paper presents a comparative study of three forms of beam modal functions in the free vibration analysis of cylindrical shells, one of which is proposed for the first time to simulate elastic boundary conditions of cylindrical shells. A unified model is developed using the general Rayleigh-Ritz method, incorporating the breathing modes with circumferential orders being zero, and four types of commonly used thin shell theories, namely the Donnell, Reissner, Love, and Sanders theories. From both perspectives of natural frequencies and mode shapes, numerical results are validated by comparison with those existing in the literature and those calculated from the finite element method (FEM). The results not only clarify the distinction of different forms of beam modal functions used in the Rayleigh-Ritz method, but also provide explanations for the controversy raised in recent studies. Furthermore, the unified formulations can be extended to vibration analysis of various forms of shell structures, and can also be helpful to the vibration analysis of beams and plates with elastic boundary conditions.

Inverse design method of deployable cylindrical composite shells for solar sail structure

Inverse design method of deployable cylindrical composite shells for solar sail structure

High-velocity impact characteristics of 3D auxetic composite cylindrical shell panels: Theory and experiment

High-velocity impact characteristics of 3D auxetic composite cylindrical shell panels: Theory and experiment

Research on Combined Damage Characteristics of Underwater Armor-piercing and Explosion Based on Supercavitating Projectile

Recent studies of supercavitating projectiles primarily focus on the formation and evolution of the cavity, as well as its underwater ballistic characteristics, while neglecting the terminal damage effects. Little attention has been given to exploring the combined damage effects of armor-piercing-explosion supercavitating projectiles (APESP). Therefore, this study comparatively analyzes the response processes and failure modes of an underwater aluminum alloy cylindrical shell target under the action of three different types of loads: armor piercing, explosion, and combined armor-piercing and explosion. This study investigates the underwater combined damage mechanisms of the APESP, clarifies each damage phase under the combined effect, discusses the advantages of damage resulting from the combined armor-piercing and explosion effect based on the target responses and damage modes, and explores the reasons for dissipation of explosion energy. The results show that: the APESP combines localized point damage characteristics of armor piercing with overall surface damage features of underwater explosion. Depending on load stages and target responses, the target response process under the action of the APESP can be divided into the hydrodynamic ram phase, penetration phase, shock wave phase, stable vibration phase, and bubble pulsation phase. The entire physical system can be abstracted as a low-frequency series spring system (equivalent to bubble pulsation frequency) with high-frequency external energy input, based on the energy relationship of the medium and the structure. The concept of the 'blower effect' is proposed based on target behavior during the stable vibration phase. Following the application of different loads, the plastic deformation of the target in a stable state is ranked as: underwater explosion > combined armor-piercing and explosion > underwater armor piercing. Supercavity, shell casing and penetration hole will cause the dissipation of explosion energy.

Size-dependent thermoelastic dissipation and frequency shift in micro/nano cylindrical shell based on surface effect and dual-phase lag heat conduction model

Size-dependent thermoelastic dissipation and frequency shift in micro/nano cylindrical shell based on surface effect and dual-phase lag heat conduction model

Effects of Connecting Structures in Double-Hulled Water-Filled Cylindrical Shells on Shock Wave Propagation and the Structural Response to Underwater Explosion

In conventional double-hulled submarines, the connecting structures that facilitate the linkage between the two hulls are crucial for load transmission. This paper aims to elucidate the effect of these connecting structures on resistance to shock waves generated by underwater explosions. Firstly, a self-developed numerical solver is built for the one-dimensional water-filled elastically connected double-layer plate model. The shock wave propagation characteristics, shock response of structure, water cavitation, and impact loads transmitted through the gap water and the connecting structures are analyzed quantitatively. The results reveal that the majority of the shock impulse is transmitted by the gap water if the equivalent stiffness of the connecting structures is much less than that of the gap water. Then, a three-dimensional model of the double-hulled, water-filled cylindrical shell is constructed in Abaqus/Explicit, utilizing the acoustic-structural coupling methodology. The analysis focuses on the influence of the thickness and density distribution of the connecting structures on the system’s shock response. The results indicate that a densely arranged connecting structure results in a wavy deformation of the outer hull and a notable reduction in both the impact response and strain energy of the inner hull. When the stiffness of the densely arranged connecting structure is comparatively low, the internal energy and plastic energy of the inner hull are decreased by 16.5% and 24.1%, respectively. The findings of this research are useful for assessing shock resistance and for the design of connecting structures within conventional double-hulled submarines.

Buckling resistance of sandwich cylindrical shell with porosity-dependent GPLRC core and metallic facesheets

Buckling resistance of sandwich cylindrical shell with porosity-dependent GPLRC core and metallic facesheets

Free vibration and supersonic flutter analyses of a sandwich cylindrical shell with CNT-reinforced honeycomb core integrated with piezoelectric layers

In this research, the free vibration and supersonic flutter analyses of a cylindrical sandwich shell with a reinforced honeycomb core (RHC) integrated with piezoelectric face sheets are investigated. The core is a honeycomb structure enriched with fibers and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The layers of the shell are modeled based on the Cooper-Naghdi shell theory and the continuity conditions between the layers are considered. The aerodynamic pressure of the supersonic flow is modeled using the linear piston theory. Hamilton’s principle is used to derive the governing equations. A semi-analytical solution is presented including an exact solution in the circumferential direction followed by a numerical solution in the longitudinal direction via the differential quadrature method (DQM). The effects of several parameters on the frequencies, the corresponding damping coefficients, and the critical aerodynamic pressure are investigated. It is concluded that improving the stiffness of the honeycomb core with the CNTs does not necessarily improve the aeroelastic stability of the shell. The presented results can be used in the design and analysis of aerospace structures.

Analysis of the three‐dimensional elasticity theory problem for a radially inhomogeneous cylinder

AbstractIn this paper an axisymmetric problem of elasticity theory for a radially inhomogeneous cylinder of small thickness is studied. It is assumed that homogeneous mixed boundary conditions are specified on lateral surfaces of the cylinder, and boundary conditions that leave the cylinder in equilibrium are specified on the ends of the cylinder. It is considered that elastic moduli are arbitrary continuous functions of a variable along the radius of the cylinder. The formulated boundary value problem is reduced to a spectral problem containing a small parameter characterizing the thinness of the cylinder walls. To determine its solution, the method of asymptotic integration is used, based on three iteration processes. All solutions of the equilibrium equation are constructed, satisfying the specified homogeneous boundary conditions on lateral surfaces. It is obtained that the solution of the problem consists of a penetrating solution and a solution of the nature of the boundary layer. An analysis of stress‐strain states corresponding to different types of solutions is carried out. Based on the constructed asymptotic solutions, a connection is found between the solutions obtained by the equation of elasticity theory and by the applied theory of shells. It is shown that the penetrating solution determines the internal stress‐strain state of a radially inhomogeneous cylinder. The stress state determined by the penetrating solution is equivalent to the principal vector of stress acting in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder.The first terms of asymptotic expansions of the penetrating solution in a small parameter coincide with solutions in the applied theory of shells. New classes of solutions are defined as the character of a boundary layer, which are localized at the ends of the cylinder and decrease exponentially with distance from the ends. These solutions are absent in the applied theories of shells. The first terms of the asymptotic expansion of the solution, having the nature of a boundary layer, are equivalent to the Saint‐Venant edge effect in the theory of heterogeneous plates. Asymptotic formulas for displacement and stresses are constructed, allowing one to calculate the three‐dimensional stress‐strain state of a radially heterogeneous cylinder of small thickness with any predetermined accuracy. Based on the obtained asymptotic expansions, one can estimate the applicability areas of applied theories and construct a refined applied theory for radially heterogeneous cylindrical shells.

Application of a novel higher-order stretchable kinematic model for electro-elastic response analysis of constrained cylindrical shell

This article investigates impact of initial electric potential and parameters of Pasternak’s foundation on the higher-order electroelastic responses of cylindrical shell rested on the Pasternak’s foundation subjected to electromechanical loads. The mathematical modeling is performed using the higher-order thickness stretchable model including bending and shear parameters of deformation. The virtual work principle is used to derive governing equations. The results are analytically obtained in terms of main parameters of the shell. A verification study is presented before presentation of numerical results. The results are presented with changes of initial electric potential and two parameters of Pasternak’s foundation.

Nonlinear vibro-acoustic analysis of an axially moving submerged circular cylindrical shell

In this study, the nonlinear vibro-acoustic dynamics and stability of doubly-clamped axially moving cylindrical shell are investigated. The exterior surface of the shell is in contact with fluid and subjected to oblique incident plane sound wave. Donnell’s nonlinear shallow shell theory is used to derive the nonlinear partial differential equation of the cylindrical shell for the radial motion. The Galerkin method is employed to discretize the equations of motion into the set of coupled nonlinear nonhomogeneous ordinary second order differential equations. Considering both driven and companion modes, Multiple Scales Method is used to obtain the response of the system. The effects of sound level, incident angle and axially velocity on the frequency response of the system are studied. The results show that, with increase in the shell velocity transmission loss of the circular shell increases. In addition, at low shell axial velocities simultaneous excitation of the driven and companion modes occurs.

Free vibration analysis of hybrid laminated thin-walled cylindrical shells containing multilayer FG-CNTRC plies

Free vibration analysis of hybrid laminated thin-walled cylindrical shells containing multilayer FG-CNTRC plies

Analysis using finite element method of the buckling characteristics of stiffened cylindrical shells

ABSTRACT The impact of imperfection/flaws in axially compressed/externally pressurised stiffened cylindrical shells with various shapes was studied using finite element analysis (FE). The study examined imperfection methods such as the Single Perturbation Load Approach (SPLA) and Smooth Inward Dimple (SID) to validate them against existing experimental data. It also explored the influence of initial imperfections in terms of depth, magnitude, size, and location on the buckling strength of the shell. Both methods showed reasonable agreement with published experimental data, with differences ranging from 2% to 13%. The shells’ load-carrying capacity was affected by initial geometric imperfections, particularly in terms of depth, magnitude, size, and location. The study’s findings add to our understanding of how structural imperfections impact the initial phases of designing, fabricating, and analysing axially compressed or externally pressurised stiffened cylindrical shell structures in terms of their magnitude, size, and location.

Analysis of the cylindrical shell model using a new four node quadrilateral element compared to ABAQUS elements

Shell models and loadings are very complicated in practice, especially in civil and mechanical engineering, due to their lightweight properties and ability to resist loads. Then; numerical tests are very important for this type of structure. In this work, numerical investigations of a cylindrical shell under concentrated loads are presented. Two finite elements used for this study, the new element ACM-Q4SBE1 and the S4R element of the code “ABAQUS”. The results obtained by the two elements, ACM-Q4SBE1 and S4R ABAQUS, are in agreement. The superiority and efficiency of the flat shell element approach for thin shell structures has been confirmed.

A Meshfree Approach for Dynamic Analysis of Sandwich Conical and Cylindrical Shells with Varying Thicknesses

A Meshfree Approach for Dynamic Analysis of Sandwich Conical and Cylindrical Shells with Varying Thicknesses

Quantum computing with error mitigation for data-driven computational homogenization

As a crossover frontier of physics and mechanics, quantum computing is showing its great potential in computational mechanics. However, quantum hardware noise remains a critical barrier to achieving accurate simulation results due to the limitation of the current hardware. In this paper, we integrate error-mitigated quantum computing in data-driven computational homogenization, where the zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) technique is employed to improve the reliability of quantum computing. Specifically, ZNE is utilized to mitigate the quantum hardware noise in two quantum algorithms for distance calculation, namely a Swap-based algorithm and an H-based algorithm, thereby improving the overall accuracy of data-driven computational homogenization. Multiscale simulations of a 2D composite L-shaped beam and a 3D composite cylindrical shell are conducted with the quantum computer simulator Qiskit, and the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. We believe this work presents a promising step towards using quantum computing in computational mechanics.

Free vibration analysis of sandwich shells with cutouts: An experimental and numerical study with artificial neural network modelling

This article investigates the free vibration and damping characteristics of cylindrical sandwich shells with cutouts using both experimental and numerical approaches. The effects of cutout shape, size, and position on the dynamic response of cylindrical sandwich shells are explored. Moreover, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models are constructed to predict the dynamic behavior of the sandwich shell with a cutout. A user-friendly application, Sandwich Shell Vibration Analysis (SSVibA), is developed, incorporating the ANN models to predict the non-dimensionalized natural frequencies and modal loss factors of the sandwich shell under different shell geometries, boundary conditions and cutout configurations. The objective of the present research is to advance the understanding of the dynamic behavior of sandwich structures by integrating experimental investigations, numerical analyses, and ANN modeling.