Paraffin Wax Research Articles

Improving the phase change properties of paraffin wax by regulating the pore structure and surface properties of silica aerogel

This study highlights the significance of the difference between the melting and solidification temperatures of phase change materials (PCMs) in their practical applications. We incorporated the wood fiber as a support phase and used alkylation to modify the pore structure and surface properties of silica aerogels. The effect of different pore size distributions and surface properties on the phase change properties of PCMs was investigated. The results showed that nanopores increased pressure and the melting point of PCMs while the weak interaction force on the substrate surface decreased their solidification temperature. Furthermore, using matrices with unique properties, such as mesopore and hydrophobic aerogels, proved to be effective in reducing the difference between the melting and solidification temperatures by up to 44.1 % compared to pure paraffin wax. Moreover, hydrophobic groups enhanced the encapsulation performance of the composite, effectively isolating the influence of water.

Electromagnetic Characteristics and Microwave Absorbing Properties of a Novel Stainless Steel Powder

In order to solve the problem of insufficient oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of magnetic metal absorbent represented by carbonyl iron powder, a wave absorbing composite material which consists of different filling mass proportions of the atomized electrolytic stainless steel powder and paraffin wax is investigated. The electromagnetic (EM) characteristics and absorbing performance of the proposed composite material were tested with Agilent N5234A vector network analyzer in a frequency range of 2–18GHz. The experimental results show that the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric permittivity of stainless steel powder/paraffin composites will increase with the filling mass fraction in the test frequency band, while the real part of the permeability [Formula: see text] decreases with the increase of the mass fraction, and the imaginary part [Formula: see text] increases with the increase of the mass fraction. At a thickness of 3 mm, with the filling mass fraction increasing from 20 wt.% to 60 wt.%, the peak frequency of reflection loss (RL) moves to low frequency from 17.92 GHz to 16 GHz. Meanwhile, the minimum reflection loss (RL[Formula: see text]) also shows a downward trend, and the RL[Formula: see text] value with a filling mass fraction of 60 wt.% is −8.93[Formula: see text]dB. It can be seen that stainless steel powder shows good microwave absorbing performance, and it has excellent anti-oxidation, and anti-corrosion properties. Based on the excellent performance of stainless steel powder, its absorption performance is expected to be further improved through multi-layer optimization design, so as to meet the needs of electromagnetic protection in harsh environments.

Real‐time thermal performance investigation of a thermal energy storage integrated direct absorption solar collector under tropical climate

AbstractIn the last two decades, metallic particles of nano sizes (~10−9 m) have been tested profoundly in volumetric absorption solar collectors (VASC) due to their excellent optical properties and broadband absorption in the entire solar spectrum. However, very limited studies are available for understanding the performance of integrated energy storage VASC systems using nanofluids. For the experimental work presented here, a hybrid nanofluid of gold nanoparticles in Azadirachta indica leaves extract has been synthesized by chemical route. The prepared hybrid nanofluid has shown good absorption in 400 to 700 nm wavelength range and hence achieved high photo‐thermal conversion efficiency for tested VASC system. Furthermore, commercially available paraffin wax is used as a phase change material (PCM) in thermal energy storage (TES) and further integrated with VASC to analyze the thermal performance of the system even after sunshine hours. The real‐time experiments were conducted using different working fluids, and at three mass flow rates, that is, 0.008 kg/s, 0.016 kg/s, and 0.033 kg/s, respectively, during mild winter days in the tropical climate of India. The study revealed a photo‐thermal efficiency enhancement of about 17.1% when hybrid heat transfer fluid was used in the VASC system with TES as compared to base fluid water but without TES. During the heating period, the maximum thermal gain of the hybrid nanofluid was observed to be about 15°C higher than the ambient temperature at mass flow rate of 0.033 kg/s. Thermal efficiency enhancement of about 23.8%, 24%, and 24.1% was observed with hybrid nanofluid compared to base fluid water at a mass flow rate of 0.008 kg/s, 0.016 kg/s, and 0.033 kg/s, respectively, when PCM was kept inside the tank. Furthermore, a maximum zero loss efficiency of 83.8% was estimated at an optimal mass flow rate of 0.033 kg/s for the TES‐integrated VASC system.

Advancements and Perspectives toward Lignin Valorization via O‐Demethylation

AbstractLignin represents the largest aromatic carbon resource in plants, holding significant promise as a renewable feedstock for bioaromatics and other cyclic hydrocarbons in the context of the circular bioeconomy. However, the methoxy groups of aryl methyl ethers, abundantly found in technical lignins and lignin‐derived chemicals, limit their pertinent chemical reactivity and broader applicability. Unlocking the phenolic hydroxyl functionality through O‐demethylation (ODM) has emerged as a valuable approach to mitigate this need and enables further applications. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the progress in the valorization of technical lignin and lignin‐derived chemicals via ODM, both catalytic and non‐catalytic reactions. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the properties and potential applications of the O‐demethylated products is presented, accompanied by a systematic overview of available ODM reactions. This review primarily focuses on enhancing the phenolic hydroxyl content in lignin‐derived species through ODM, showcasing its potential in the catalytic funneling of lignin and value‐added applications. A comprehensive synopsis and future outlook are included in the concluding section of this review.

Advancements and Perspectives toward Lignin Valorization via O-Demethylation.

Lignin represents the largest aromatic carbon resource in plants, holding significant promise as a renewable feedstock for bioaromatics and other cyclic hydrocarbons in the context of the circular bioeconomy. However, the methoxy groups of aryl methyl ethers, abundantly found in technical lignins and lignin-derived chemicals, limit their pertinent chemical reactivity and broader applicability. Unlocking the phenolic hydroxyl functionality through O-demethylation (ODM) has emerged as a valuable approach to mitigate this need and enables further applications. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the progress in the valorization of technical lignin and lignin-derived chemicals via ODM, both catalytic and non-catalytic reactions. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the properties and potential applications of the O-demethylated products is presented, accompanied by a systematic overview of available ODM reactions. This review primarily focuses on enhancing the phenolic hydroxyl content in lignin-derived species through ODM, showcasing its potential in the catalytic funneling of lignin and value-added applications. A comprehensive synopsis and future outlook are included in the concluding section of this review.

Chromatographic Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Exhaust Gas Samples from Urban Two-Wheeled Vehicles

The subject of the article was the chemical analysis of gasoline and exhaust gas samples taken from an urban two-wheeled vehicle. The main aim of the work was to identify chemical compounds emitted by a group of urban two-wheeled vehicles depending on the engine’s operating parameters. First, engine operating parameters and driving parameters of three urban two-wheeled vehicles were measured in real operating conditions. Based on the averaged results, engine operating points were determined for exhaust gas samples that were collected into Tedlar bags. The exhaust gas composition of individual chemical substances obtained in the chromatographic separation process were subjected to a detailed analysis relating the engine operating point with their emission rate, with each individual component being assessed in terms of its impact on human health. The obtained qualitative analysis results indicated the presence of alkenes, alkanes, aliphatic aldehydes, and aromatic and cyclic hydrocarbons (cycloalkanes) in the tested samples. The experiments provided a variety of conclusions relating to the operating parameters of a two-wheeler engine. Qualitative assessment of exhaust samples showed that a two-wheeled vehicle was characterized by the most varying composition of BTX aromatic hydrocarbons derivatives, which are particularly dangerous to human health and life. Therefore, the authors suggest that in the future, approval procedures regarding toxic emissions should be extended to include chromatographic tests. The presented results are an extension of previous studies on toxic emissions from urban two-wheeled vehicles in real operating conditions that were published in other journals.

Inside Cover Picture

Functionalization of unactivated sp3 C—H bonds of cyclic and linear alkanes to high‐value‐added chemicals is one of the most important classes of chemical transformations and has high synthetic potential in synthetic chemistry. A metal‐free, green, and sustainable functionalization of unactivated alkyl sp3 C—H bonds is reported using iodine(III) as a feasible dehydrogenation agent under visible light or KBr, and alkyl chlorides, bromides, alcohols, and ketones could be constructed by addition of different coupling reagents. More details are discussed in the article by Zhai et al. on page 505—510.image

Thermal performance of solar flat plate collector using energy storage phase change materials

AbstractThe present study has been carried out to improve the overall efficiency of a conventional flat plate solar collector (FPSC) using two different heat storage phase change materials (PCMs). Two grades of paraffin wax—Paraffin‐P116 (PCM‐1) and Paraffin‐5838 (PCM‐2) as PCM are selected for the analysis based on their high heat fusion rate, low thermal conductivity, and suitable phase transition temperature. The present code has been validated with experimental results and it showed a maximum error of 6.43% in predicting the water outlet temperature. Absorber plate temperature, useful heat transfer rate, water outlet temperature and efficiencies are estimated to improve the performance of FPSC with and without PCM for various flow rates (15 lph and 30 lph) with two different weights of PCM (9 kg and 14 kg) for three different locations in India, [Chennai (13.0827° N, 80.2707° E), Bengaluru (12.9716° N, 77.5946° E), and Delhi (28.7041° N, 77.1025° E)]. The maximum increment in the efficiency of FPSC with the use of PCM‐1 is 19.59% and with the use of PCM‐2 is 16.53%. Using 14 kg of PCM‐1 with the conventional FPSC at water inlet flow rate of 15 lph increases the overall thermal efficiency up to 19.59% compared with conventional FPSC. The maximum increase in the percentage of efficiency with PCM‐1 from conventional FPSC for different cases of 15 lph‐09 kg is 16.34%, 15 lph‐14 kg is 19.59%, 30 lph‐09 kg is 14.57% and 30 lph‐14 kg is 18.45%. From the present study, it can be concluded that the overall efficiency of FPSC is increased with the use of 14 kg of PCM‐1 with conventional FPSC at the inlet water flow rate of 15 lph.

Heat dissipation performance research of battery modules based on composite phase change materials cooling and electrochemical thermal coupling model

In order to improve electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) performance and increase cycle life, it is crucial to design a reliable and efficient battery thermal management system (BTMS). Compared with other active battery cooling methods, passive phase change material (PCM) cooling has the advantages of simple structure, good temperature control uniformity, strong reliability, and no additional energy consumption. This article uses a series of experimental procedures to add expanded graphite to traditional paraffin wax PCM and obtain composite phase change materials (CPCM) with different mixing ratios. A control experiment is created to compare the cooling performance of the CPCM cooling with natural convection cooling, research shows that the cooling performance of CPCM can well meet the cooling demand which maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference of battery modules. In addition, to study the performance of thermal properties parameters related to CPCM, a COMSOL numerical calculation model of battery module based on CPCM cooling and electrochemical thermal coupling model is established. The effectiveness and accuracy of the model are verified through heat generation experiments at different rates (0.5 C, 1 C, 1.5 C), with a maximum temperature error of 1.6 K and an error accuracy of less than 0.6%. Subsequently, the performance of phase change temperature, thermal conductivity and phase change latent heat is studied and reasonable value ranges are obtained, which are 312 K∼318 K, 2.5 W /(m·K), and 175 J/g∼200 J/g, respectively.

Development and performance assessment of a hybrid solar cabinet dryer for fish drying

The fish products can be stored for longer period in dry condition, but most of the fresh fish in remote areas of our country are spoils due to lack of proper preservation. To overcome this problem, hybrid solar dryer can play an important role to make drying continuous during night and daytime also off sunshine hours. In this project, a hybrid solar cabinet dryer has been designed, constructed, and performance tested for fish drying. The dryer consists of a drying chamber, solar collector, two trays of dimensions (60×60) cm and paraffin wax as PCM. It also consists of photovoltaic cell modules, heating element, electric battery, and other electric equipment such as inlet and outlet fans. The dryer has been operated as both a solar energy dryer during normal sunny days and a hybrid solar dryer during cloudy days. Paraffin wax system inside drying chamber absorbed heat energy in Sunny time. At the same time the battery is charged from the solar system and therefore the water kept in the tank reaches a certain temperature by absorbing heat from nature, which provides heat by circulating the water inside the drying chamber during inclement weather. Electric fans are used at the inlet of the solar collector and outlet of the dryer to maintain adequate air flow inside the drying chamber. During the night and cloudy weather paraffin wax and heater system deliver heat to maintain the set temperature in drying chamber. The grain bed in the dryer is heated by air that comes from a separate solar collector, and at the same time, the drying cabinet collects solar energy directly through the transparent walls and roof. The dryer demonstrated the capacity to dry fish to an appropriate moisture level in a reasonable amount of time, and concurrently, it insured that the fish would be of high quality. The drying rate of hybrid solar dryers is evaluated on fresh fish and compared with solar dryers and sun drying under the same climatic conditions.

Experimental study on enhanced heat transfer performances and optimized strategies of cascade sensible-latent heat storage radiator

Improving the thermal efficiency of radiator and minimizing the energy loss in distribution networks are crucial for space heating. However, existing studies primarily focused on optimizing the thermal performance or indoor environment of individual units, yet rarely revealed the enhanced heat transfer performance from initial power supply to final heat utilization. To address this gap, this study developed a cascade sensible-latent heat storage radiator, and improved the thermal performance in the following ways. Firstly, by adsorbing paraffin wax with expanded graphite, the thermal conductivity rose from 0.2 to 3.5 W/(m‧K). Secondly, through cascading sensible and latent heat storage bricks, the heat charging/discharging efficiency increased by 11.9 %/14.6 %. Finally, by enhancing the airflow from 0.05 to 0.28 m/s, the heat discharging efficiency and entransy dissipation amount increased by 15.8 % and 225.8 kJ‧K, respectively. The total energy utilization efficiency was improved by 7.4 %, and the dissatisfaction caused by draft and noise both met the personnel requirement. The total annual cost of developed radiator was merely 30 % and 60 % of the direct electric heating radiator and sensible heat storage radiator, respectively. Therefore, the sensible-latent heat storage radiator offered advantages in improving the energy utilization efficiency, indoor thermal environment and cost effectiveness performance.

Effective inhibition of crystal growth during wax deposition using CTAB‐grafted faujasite nanoparticles

AbstractIn this work, we developed cetrimonium bromide (CTAB)‐grafted faujasite nanoparticles (C‐g‐F) as wax inhibitors for the deposits that were formed from a model oil system consisting of 5 wt.% paraffin wax in toluene. Our developed nanomaterials were fully characterized, hydrophobically modified, and their deposition inhibition performance compared with virgin CTAB was investigated in a model waxy oil through cold finger setup (CF), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), cold flow yield strength, and cross‐polarized microscopy (CPM). Applying our nano‐inhibitors at a concentration of 100 ppm led to more than 50 wt.% inhibition and a 30% reduction of deposit cold yield strength. Interestingly, the presence of FAU nanoparticles in the core structure of C‐g‐F contributed to better dispersibility, enhancing surface wettability (reducing interfacial tension with wax crystals), facilitating inhibitions, and preventing co‐crystallization greater than the surfactant alone. The morphological analysis results showed that C‐g‐F, due to their novel surface features, could suppress the unordered wax crystals from networking, resulting in uniform spherical‐like wax aggregates. Hence, the application of tiny concentrations of C‐g‐F (10 to 300 ppm) outperformed stand‐alone surfactants in nucleating the wax crystals.

Investigating the Impact of Cell Inclination on Phase Change Material Melting in Square Cells: A Numerical Study.

In order to determine the ideal degree of inclination that should be employed for constructing effective thermal energy storage systems, it is important to examine the impact of inclination angle on the melting behavior of phase change materials (PCMs) such as paraffin wax within a square cell. In consequence, this would guarantee the greatest capacity for energy release and storage. Additionally, analyzing this influence aids engineers in creating systems that enhance heat flow from external sources to the PCM and vice versa. To find out how the cell's inclination angle affects the melting of PCM of paraffin wax (RT42) inside a square cell, a numerical analysis is carried out using the ANSYS/FLUENT 16 software. Specifically, the temperature and velocity distributions, together with the evolution of the melting process, will be shown for various inclination angles, and a thorough comparison will be made to assess the influence of inclination angle on the PCM melting process and its completion. The findings demonstrated that when the cell's inclination angle increased from 0° to 15° and from 0° to 30° and 45°, respectively, the amount of time required to finish the melting process increased by 15%, 42%, and 71%, respectively. Additionally, after 210 min of operation, the PCM's maximum temperature is 351.5 K with a 0° angle of inclination (horizontal) against 332.5 K with an angle of inclination of 45°.

Synergistic phase change and heat conduction of low melting-point alloy microparticle additives in expanded graphite shape-stabilized organic phase change materials

Organic phase change materials (PCMs) have great potential for efficient thermal energy storage and passive thermal management applications due to their non-corrosiveness, high heat storage capacity and stable operating temperature. However, low thermal conductivity and easy leakage seriously restrict the actual application. Meanwhile, heat transfer enhancers typically have a serious negative effect on the heat storage capacity of the PCMs. In this paper, a novel strategy for preparing high performance shape-stable composite phase change materials (CPCMs) is reported, utilizing paraffin wax (PW) as the energy storage material and expanded graphite (EG) as heat transfer enhancers and supporting material, especially in which low melting-point alloy (LMA) micro particles having same phase change temperature as PW are employed with two purposes: one is to provide extra latent heat, and another is to construct a hybrid three-dimensional thermal conduction network in microscale to achieve synergistic thermal conduction with EG. The resulting CPCMs exhibit excellent characteristics in energy storage capacity, thermal conductivity, and thermal cycling stability. The thermal conductivity of ternary CPCM can reach 5.842 W m−1 K−1 when the LMA and EG loading are 4.55 wt% and 9 wt%, which is about 16.4 times higher than that of pure PW, with no obvious volumetric latent heat reduction. This work provides a novel and promising approach for the preparation of CPCMs with high and fast storage properties.

Preparation and characterization of glyceryl stearate/cassava starch composite for wax therapy

Glyceryl stearate and cassava starch (CS) composites were prepared by an esterification process. Formulations containing starch at various concentrations were prepared, being 1, 1.5, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 % by weight, respectively. The characteristics of pH, moisture content, FTIR, melting point, latent heat, thermal energy storage, and specific heat capacity of composites were elucidated. The optimal formulation contained 1 % w/w CS, this indicated that the composite was able to maintain its temperature for 9.4 ± 0.5 min, with a melting temperature of 51.9 ± 0.3 °C, solidification temperature of 36.1 ± 1.6 °C, latent heat of fusion of 120 ± 10 J/g, and latent heat of solidification of 126 ± 3 J/g, and specific heat capacity of 2.6 ± 0.2 J/g.K. New bonds were formed in the composite structure of glyceryl stearate and CS at these levels. The composite had a pH that was safe for contact with human skin and a moisture content that could be kept stable for a prolonged time. The innovation and the advantages of a composite materials: 1. The main components are derived from natural materials. 2. Costs effective 3. Sustainability 4. Safety, and 5. Efficacy. Therefore, composites have a high potential as are replacement for paraffin wax bath therapy.

Contribution of intermediate-volatility organic compounds from on-road transport to secondary organic aerosol levels in Europe

Abstract. Atmospheric organic compounds with an effective saturation concentration (C∗) at 298 K between 103 and 106 µg m−3 are called intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), and they have been identified as important secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors. In this work, we simulate IVOCs emitted from on-road diesel and gasoline vehicles over Europe with a chemical transport model (CTM), utilizing a new approach in which IVOCs are treated as lumped species that preserve their chemical characteristics. This approach allows us to assess both the overall contribution of IVOCs to SOA formation and the role of specific compounds. For the simulated early-summer period, the highest concentrations of SOA formed from the oxidation of on-road IVOCs (SOA-iv) are predicted for major European cities, like Paris, Athens, and Madrid. In these urban environments, on-road SOA-iv can account for up to a quarter of the predicted total SOA. Over Europe, unspeciated cyclic alkanes in the IVOC range are estimated to account for up to 72 % of the total on-road SOA-iv mass, with compounds with 15 to 20 carbons being the most prominent precursors. The sensitivity of the predicted SOA-iv concentrations to the selected parameters of the new lumping scheme is also investigated. Active multigenerational aging of the secondary aerosol products has the most significant effect as it increases the predicted SOA-iv concentrations by 67 %.

An experimental investigation on winter heat storage in compact salinity gradient solar ponds with silicon dioxide particulates infused paraffin wax

Silicon dioxide particulate which is also called silica, owing to its cost-effective synthesis, abundant availability, and high heat transfer capabilities, present an eco-friendly solution with immense potential for diverse applications, including solar heating systems. This novel study explores the integration of silica microparticles infused in paraffin wax in a compact salinity gradient solar pond for enhanced heat storage during the winter season. Leveraging their biocompatibility, facile functionalization, and expansive surface area, silica microparticles exhibit outstanding attributes such as photoconductivity, optimal thermal expansion, corrosion resistance, and enduring durability, all of which synergistically contribute to system efficiency. During the first day, without any heat storage medium, the three distinctive zones of the compact salinity gradient solar pond exhibited temperatures of 31.2 °C in the upper convective zone, 32.8 °C neutral convective zone, and 35.7 °C in the lower convective zone respectively. Experimental investigations are conducted, employing both paraffin wax and silicon dioxide microparticles as augmenting agents to amplify heat storage capacity within the compact solar pond setup. While using paraffin wax without silica particulates the lower convective zone temperature was 4.2 % lower because of heat storage. The incorporation of trace amounts of silicon dioxide microparticles within paraffin wax establishes a novel hybrid approach. The outcomes highlight the profound impact of this hybridization on thermal characteristics, resulting in a discernible improvement in the compact salinity gradient solar pond's heat behavior. Notably, the phase change material introduces a temperature enhancement of approximately 1.5 %, and the amalgamation further elevates the temperature retained to 56 °C within the lower convective zone. An optimization analysis underscores the pivotal role of the solar pond configuration in dictating temperature changes, surpassing the influence of time considerations. This research underscores the transformative role of silicon microparticles in optimizing thermal performance within compact salinity gradient solar ponds, unlocking avenues for enhanced winter energy utilization.

Numerical study of PCM-integrated solar still efficiency enhancement

Abstract This research paper provides a detailed comparison of three types of solar stills: the conventional passive solar still (still-I), the solar still with paraffin wax as a phase change material (PCM) (still-II) and the solar still with PCM coupled to a storage tank (still-III). The study involves a numerical investigation across six regions of Morocco during typical days of each season of the year. The paper formulates and solves the thermal energy balance equations for the different components of the solar stills and storage tank. The numerical simulation is validated by comparing the results with existing experimental and numerical data. The study shows that a portion of the energy produced during the day is stored in the PCM, which can be utilized at night. In addition, the storage tank plays an active role in improving the yield of the passive solar still, indicating the advantage of the new configuration. Thus, the productivity of still-III during typical days of spring, summer and autumn exceeds that of still-II and still-I. The maximum value of still-III was obtained in region five of Morocco (Marrakech) in spring with 8.6 kg ${\mathrm{m}}^{-2}$. However, the highest energy efficiency was achieved in region 1 (Agadir) with 76.05%, while the maximum exergy was reached in region five (Marrakech) in spring with 7.09%.

Waste-derived thermal storage solutions for sustainable solar desalination using discarded engine oil and paraffin wax: A techno-environmental feasibility evaluation

The valorization and repurposing of waste materials for sustainable outcomes and environmental mitigation are gaining prominence. This investigation explores the feasibility of repurposing discarded automotive engine oil as a viable means of energy storage in solar thermal desalination applications. A novel approach combining discarded engine oil with Paraffin wax in equal parts by volume is proposed as a composite energy storage (CES) to enhance nocturnal production and efficiency. The experimental findings show that the composite energy storage system has 26.54 % higher thermal conductivity and 44.66 % greater specific heat energy storage capacity compared to pure paraffin wax. Comparing the Desalination System with Engine Oil-based Energy Storage (DSEES) to a Traditional Solar Desalination System (TSDS) without energy storage, considering water and absorber temperatures and distillate production, reveals compelling advantages. DSEES exhibits remarkable temperature increases of 14 % in the basin and 11 % in water, alongside a significant 52.72 % rise in distillate production rates, yielding 3.36 and 3.16 l/sq.mt compared to TSDS's 2.2 and 2.1 l/sq.mt over two testing days. Cost analysis indicates DSEES's 33.7 % lower cost per liter and 33.8 % shorter payback period relative to TSDS. Furthermore, environmental assessment highlights DSEES's 60.8 % greater net carbon credit, indicating reduced ecological impact.

Enhancing the performance of metallic lithium anode in batteries through water-resistant and air-stable coating

The limited reversibility and high reactivity of lithium metal with the liquid electrolyte in lithium batteries hinder its widespread adoption. The formation of an unstable solid electrolyte interphase layer and the sensitivity of lithium metal to moisture and air are major issues that need to be addressed. To overcome the practical challenges associated with the application of lithium anodes in lithium metal batteries, a well-thought-out design of a protective layer is proposed. Here, we have developed a composite coating comprising polyvinylidene fluoride, fumed colloidal silica, and paraffin wax as a protective layer for lithium metal anodes. The coating exhibits excellent electrochemical stability, high ionic conductivity, and mechanical stability, effectively suppressing dendrite growth and accommodating lithium volume changes during cycling. Moreover, the hydrophobic wax component can mitigate the atmospheric sensitivity of metallic lithium anodes. The coating process employed is facile and economically viable, significantly enhancing the scalability of lithium metal batteries. Experimental characterizations confirm the structure and composition of the coating, and electrochemical measurements demonstrate the improved electrochemical performance and cyclability of the coated lithium metal anodes. The results indicate that the developed composite coating has great potential for enhancing the electrochemical and processing stability of metallic lithium anodes for lithium metal batteries.