Paraffin Wax Research Articles

State-of-the-Art Review of Microcapsule Self-Repairing Concrete: Principles, Applications, Test Methods, Prospects

Cement-based materials are widely used in construction worldwide, but they are vulnerable to environmental stressors and thermal fluctuations, leading to the formation of internal cracks that compromise structural integrity and durability. Traditional repair methods such as surface coatings, grouting, and groove filling are often costly and labor-intensive. In response, self-repairing technologies for cement-based materials have emerged as an innovative and promising solution, offering the potential to significantly extend the lifespan of structures and reduce maintenance costs. A particularly novel approach is the development of microcapsule-based self-repairing concrete. In this system, repair agents are encapsulated within microcapsules and combined with curing agents in the concrete matrix. When cracks form, the microcapsules rupture, releasing the repair agents to autonomously heal the damage. This self-repairing mechanism is characterized by its high efficiency, durability, environmental sustainability, and versatility, making it a promising alternative to traditional repair methods. Recent research has focused on the development of microcapsules with various core materials, such as TDI (toluene diisocyanate), IPDI (isophorone diisocyanate), or epoxy resin, as well as composite shell materials including paraffin wax, PE (polyethylene) wax, nano-SiO2, and nano-CaCO3. A novel advancement in this area involves the enhancement of microcapsules through the incorporation of magnetic nanomaterials into the shell, providing new possibilities for self-repairing systems that address cracks in cement-based materials.

Optimization of Thermal Performance by Enhancing Natural Convection of Diverse Configurations of Fin Heat Sink Filled With Nano‐Enhanced Phase Change Materials: A Numerical Study

ABSTRACTElectronic components require faster propagation of heat to prevent overheating as well as to maintain a stable operating condition. Incorporating phase change materials (PCMs) in fin heat sinks (FHSs) can be a viable solution to enhance natural convection. In the present work, an extensive investigation has been carried out on three types (square, circular, and triangular) of FHSs filled with PCMs to find the best combinations for the thermal cooling of a heat sink. To increase the thermal conductivity of the PCMs, Cu–water nanofluid is added. The effects of three types (paraffin wax, stearic acid, and polyethylene glycol) of PCMs have been studied. Nondimensional equations have been solved numerically by using Galerkin's finite element method. A parametric investigation has been conducted by varying the Rayleigh number within the range of 103–106 to calculate the Nusselt number. Results reveal that a heat sink with PCMs can reduce the temperature rise by 6.41% and increase the Nusselt number by 4.6% compared to a heat sink without PCMs. As the height of the fins increases from 10 to 16 mm, thermal efficiency increases. Moreover, square FHSs show the best thermal performance by reducing the temperature rise by as much as 13.41% compared to circular and triangular FHSs. Therefore, this comparative study shows that the dimensional configurations of FHSs with varying PCMs have a great impact on thermal performance and thus provide one the opportunity to obtain an effective arrangement of heat sinks.

Numerical Investigation of Pyramid Solar Stills with PCM‐Nanoparticles and Absorber Fins: Enhanced Thermal Performance for Sustainable Water Desalination

ABSTRACTIn arid regions facing challenges of limited access to potable water and electricity, solar desalination stands out as a promising solution for producing clean water from brackish sources. This research intends to examine and enhance an innovative and sustainable solar desalination system. A computational study is conducted on a pyramid solar still (PSS) combined with a phase‐change material incorporated with nanoparticles, with a variety of absorber fins. The study investigates three configurations: a traditional pyramid–shaped solar still, one with square absorber fins, and another with circular fins. Paraffin wax mixed with Al2O3 nanoparticles is used beneath the absorber fins. Conservation equations are solved using COMSOL Multiphysics. Simulation outcomes demonstrate that the incorporation of finned absorbers, coupled with elevated water temperatures, significantly enhances the yield of the improved PSS compared with its conventional counterpart. The square‐finned absorber PSS exhibits a substantial increase in total accumulated productivity over the conventional design. Moreover, the PSS with square‐finned absorbers demonstrates an impressive average peak daily thermal efficiency improvement of 49.19% compared with a conventional solar still. This study highlights the effectiveness of the modified PSS as a superior option for household water generation.

Investigation of the impact of utilizing PCM into a coil in a single-pass air heater (experimental study)

This study aims to design, build, and assess the SAH's performance with an integrated enhanced phase-change material (PCM) absorber storage system. Using materials found locally, two single-pass solar air heaters were designed and produced for this study. The first solar heater was made without phase change material (Conventional SAH), and the second included PCM by adding paraffin wax to the coil tube (Improved SAH). In February, March, and April of 2024, real - results were carried out on the air heaters in Mosul city, Iraq. At a mass flow rate of 0.0147 kg/s, the experiments were conducted with and without a PCM system. As opposed to the first case without PCM, the study's findings indicated that the air temperature outside of the heater increased significantly in the second case with (the addition of paraffin wax). The highest recorded outlet temperatures in February, March, and April for both cases were (39.5, 50.7 °C), (49.4,58.9°C), and (57.4,70.6°C). To compare the efficiencies of the SAHs for both instances (Conventional and Improved), the efficiency of the improved SAH is higher than the efficiency of conventional SAH, such as (48.1% and 68.32 %), (58.6% and 72.8%), and (67.1% and 86.47%) in February, March, and April.

Enhancing the summer efficiency of solar ponds through integration of paraffin wax and carbon soot nanoparticles

Enhancing the summer efficiency of solar ponds through integration of paraffin wax and carbon soot nanoparticles

Fluorinated Squareimines for Molecular Sieving of Aromatic over Aliphatic Compounds

The development of more energy‐efficient separation technologies is essential. Especially the separation of cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons from their aromatic counterparts remains a significant challenge due to azeotrope formation and similar physical properties, often requiring energy‐intensive processes. Herein, we introduce a novel class of electron‐deficient macrocycles with a unique rectangular structure to optimise π···π interactions within the pore, enabling the highly selective molecular sieving of aromatic compounds from mixtures. Utilising dynamic covalent imine chemistry, the squareimine NDI2F42‐based crystalline functional material is directly obtained from the reaction mixture in a single self‐assembly step in high yields of 84%, alongside the larger NDI2F82 congener, which can be obtained in 69% yield. In vapour sorption and diffusion experiments, NDI2F42 demonstrates rapid adsorption kinetics with selectivities of 97:3 for benzene over cyclohexane and 93:7 for toluene over methylcyclohexane, while single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction studies confirm that the selectivity is primarily governed by directed π···π interactions.

Fluorinated Squareimines for Molecular Sieving of Aromatic over Aliphatic Compounds.

The development of more energy-efficient separation technologies is essential. Especially the separation of cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons from their aromatic counterparts remains a significant challenge due to azeotrope formation and similar physical properties, often requiring energy-intensive processes. Herein, we introduce a novel class of electron-deficient macrocycles with a unique rectangular structure to optimise π···π interactions within the pore, enabling the highly selective molecular sieving of aromatic compounds from mixtures. Utilising dynamic covalent imine chemistry, the squareimine NDI2F42-based crystalline functional material is directly obtained from the reaction mixture in a single self-assembly step in high yields of 84%, alongside the larger NDI2F82 congener, which can be obtained in 69% yield. In vapour sorption and diffusion experiments, NDI2F42 demonstrates rapid adsorption kinetics with selectivities of 97:3 for benzene over cyclohexane and 93:7 for toluene over methylcyclohexane, while single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction studies confirm that the selectivity is primarily governed by directed π···π interactions.

StarchCrete: A starch-based biocomposite concrete for lightweight building material applications

StarchCrete is a novel composite material that utilizes starch as a biobased binder, replacing traditional inorganic binders. The composite was prepared using varying hemp shives ratios (from 0−1) at constant sand: corn starch: water ratio (5:1:1). The mixture was manually compacted into a mold and heated under microwave radiation. The effect of different starches on a composite’s compressive strength was investigated. The result reveals that high-viscosity starch leads to strong compressive strength. Increasing the hemp shives ratio significantly reduced thermal conductivity (from 0.52 to 0.15 W/(m·K)) and thermal diffusivity (from 0.85 to 0.35 mm2/s). With its strong compressive strength (2.8 MPa), low density (887 kg/m3), and low thermal conductivity (0.18 W/(m·K)), the hemp shives ratio of 0.5 was deemed appropriate. Furthermore, coating the material with paraffin wax improved its water resistance, extending its durability from 7 to 16 days, making it suitable for industrial applications.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant study of combined essential oils of Anethum Sowa Kurz. and Trachyspermum ammi (L.) along with quality determination, comparative histo-anatomical features, GC‒MS and HPTLC chemometrics

Spices played crucial and variable roles in traditions, culture, history, religious ceremonials and festivals along with fetching food flavor and microbial protection globally due to presence of structurally unique and multi-natured chemotypes. Their existence in dishes portrayed key roles in improving shelf life by regulating spoilage of cuisine with different synergistic mechanism. Histo-anatomically (A) sowa exhibited distinguished cellular attributes which created remarkable differences with T. ammi. HPTLC chemometrics of both fruits revealed several peaks for active metabolomics with unique isocratic combination of menstruum. GC-MS study of hydro-distillate exhibited presence of monoterpenic cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcoholic and ketonic groups along with phenolic derivative that covers majorly 90% of total metabolites. Combined essential oils (EOs 1 + 2) of both fruits showed excellent antimicrobial activity against various clinical pathogenic strains such as K. pneumoniae at 10 µL/mL, S. aureus at 2.5 µL/mL, E. coli and E. faecalis at 1.25 µL/mL, and MRSA and Bcereus at 0.625 µL/mL and (C) albicans at 0.312 µL/mL as the MIC. The antioxidant study of (EOs 1 + 2) with maximum inhibition percentage to DPPH assay was 84.02 ± 1.05 at 100 µg/mL, and minimal inhibition was 72.31 ± 0.63 at 5 µg/mL with IC50 value 4.69 ± 0.22 µg/mL, while ABTS assay extreme was 79.15 ± 2.14 µg/mL and minimal was 67 ± 1.34 with the IC50 value of 18.37 ± 0.15 µg/mL, in superoxide assay uppermost inhibition was 81.03 ± 0.27 µg/mL and lowest was at 65.16 ± 3.15 with the IC50 value 16.46 ± 0.54, and H2O2 radical scavenging activity, predominant value was 78.01 ± 0.47 and least was 64.1 ± 2.01 with IC50 15.58 ± 0.34. These comparative key diagnostic features and synergistic effect of multicomponent natural antimicrobials will provide profound intellect of ancient utility and further scientists to explore their multiple mechanistic modality and application in food and beverages industry.

Pickering emulsions stabilized by cellulose nanofibers with tunable surface properties for thermal energy storage

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) have been widely used as a renewable emulsifier to stabilize two immiscible liquids due to their intrinsic amphiphilicity and excellent emulsifying ability. However, it remains challenging to fully understand the effects of carboxylate group content and surface charge density on the emulsifying ability of CNFs and the stability of Pickering emulsion. Herein, carboxymethylated CNFs were extracted from bleached kraft pulp using etherification reaction and high-pressure homogenization, allowing for easy surface charge density and size adjustment by changing sodium chloroacetate content and homogenization cycles. The optimizing CNFs possessed a high Zeta potential (−71.2 mV) and a suitable carboxylate group content (1.81 mmol/g), which enabled CNFs to irreversibly adsorb at the hydrophobic paraffin wax (PW) droplet surface and form interfacial steric barriers, providing large electrostatic repulsion between the PW droplets against coalescence. Thus, the CNF-stabilized PW emulsions could be stored for more than 6 months. Moreover, the phase change enthalpy of the freeze-dried emulsion is as high as 193.7 J/g, which provides the emulsion to reversibly store and release heat. This work provides a comprehensive insight into the interfacial stability mechanism of CNFs as stabilizers and facilitates the potential application in thermal energy storage.

Optimization of Hydrocarbon Production in Catalytic Pyrolysis of Macaúba Epicarp and Macaúba and Baru Endocarps

The objective of this study was to examine the catalytic pyrolysis process of three distinct types of biomasses: baru endocarp (ENB), macaúba endocarp (ENM), and macaúba epicarp (EPM). This was performed with the aim of optimizing the production of hydrocarbons and other volatile compounds of interest through the use of different catalysts. The catalysts utilized in this study were calcium oxide (CaO), phosphate mining waste (PO), niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5), and Ni/Nb2O5. The methodology entailed pyrolyzing the biomass at temperatures spanning from 508 °C to 791 °C, utilizing a micropyrolyzer in conjunction with a gas chromatograph with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for product analysis. An experimental design was implemented to assess the impact of catalyst concentration and temperature on the yield and composition of the volatile products. The findings demonstrated that CaO was efficacious in deoxygenating the compounds, particularly at elevated temperatures, thereby promoting the generation of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. In contrast, Nb2O5 was effective in the formation of oxygenated compounds, particularly carboxylic acids and phenols. Ni/Nb2O5 has been shown to be effective in the production of cyclic, aromatic, alkadienes, and alkenes hydrocarbons. Phosphate mining waste exhibited moderate performance, with potential for specific applications at high temperatures, with important production of cyclic, aromatic, and alkane hydrocarbons. Among the biomasses, EPM demonstrated the greatest potential for hydrocarbon production, indicating its suitability for the development of advanced biofuels. This study advances our understanding of the catalytic pyrolysis of alternative biomasses and underscores the pivotal role of catalysts in optimizing the process, offering invaluable insights for the sustainable production of biofuels and interest in renewable chemicals.

Graphene functionalized nanoencapsulated composite phase change material based nanofluid for battery cooling: An experimental investigation

The graphene-nano encapsulated composite phase change material (GnePCM) based nanofluid holds great potential as a coolant for batteries in electric vehicles. The current work focuses on the synthesis and study of the cooling performance of GnePCM-based nanofluid. Few layered graphene (FLG) was synthesized via the liquid phase exfoliation method. Mini-emulsion polymerization was adopted to encapsulate composite PCM (octadecane: paraffin wax) within polystyrene shell and distribute these nanoballs across the graphene flakes of FLG to obtain GnePCM. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to optimize the composition of composite PCM based on the melting range and latent heat. GnePCM was characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), DSC, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Raman Spectroscopy. Nanofluid was made by mixing GnePCM slurry with the base fluid (ethylene glycol − water mixture) and its thermo-physical properties were estimated. The analysis of thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity showed a 14.7 % and 56 % increase for the nanofluid compared to the base fluid. The optimal concentration of nanofluid for maximum stability was 10 % v/v based on zeta potential measurements. The heat transfer studies and pressure drop studies were conducted on a set of 10 cylindrical heaters, mimicking a 18,650 battery cell pack. The nanofluid could potentially achieve a maximum reduction of 5 °C in average surface temperatures of the cells as compared to the base fluid. The enhanced cooling efficiency of nanofluid could be related to the increased thermal conductivity and heat capacity of GnePCM, as well as the absorption of latent heat during its melting process. Enhancement in heat transfer parameters was found to be more prominent at lower flow rates for the nanofluids. The results reveal that the flow rate and power input play a significant role in the cooling performance of the nanofluid. Due to the increased viscosity of the nanofluid, a slight increase in the pressure drop and pumping power was observed at higher flow rates, as compared to base fluid.

Performance of sandwich type fire-resistant flexible composite phase change material PEE@EBF for battery thermal management and runaway protection

To mitigate the risks of overheating and thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, this study proposes a novel sandwich-type fire-resistant flexible composite phase change material (CPCM), referred to as PEE@EBF. The core material (PEE) was created by melt-blending paraffin wax (PW), expanded graphite (EG), and ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). The outer layer, a fire-resistant coating (EBF), was applied to the surface of PEE and consists of epoxy resin (EP), boron nitride (BN), and the composite flame retardant (CFR). Test results demonstrated that PEE@EBF maintained structural integrity, exhibiting no significant deformation or leakage after being heated at 80 °C for 5 h. PEE@EBF also displayed a high latent heat of 166.6 J/g, thermal conductivity of 0.8 W/(m∙K), and excellent electrical insulation properties. Furthermore, it achieved a UL94 V-0 flame retardant rating, with notable reductions in peak heat release rate (PHRR) and peak smoke production rate (PSPR) by 67.8 % and 81.8 %, respectively. During long-term cycling at 4C, the peak temperature (PT) and maximum temperature difference (MTD) of batteries in the module incorporating PEE@EBF were reduced by 11.8 °C and 4 °C, respectively, compared to natural convection cooling. In addition, the heat generated during the battery thermal runaway was efficiently absorbed and transferred by PEE@EBF, delaying the irreversible thermal runaway process by 633 s. This indicated that the sandwich-type PEE@EBF was suitable for thermal management and fire protection in lithium-ion batteries or energy storage devices.

Thermal analysis of packed bed thermal energy storage system with dimpled spherical capsules

The thermal storage potential of a packed bed filled with paraffin wax capsules was examined. Heat transfer fluid (HTF) at 70 °C inlet temperature for dimpled and plain stainless-steel capsules was compared for three different flow rates, 1 L/min, 3 L/min and 5 L/min. In general, dimpled spherical capsules sustain more heat than plain spherical capsules at the same flow rate, according to instantaneous and cumulative heat stored. Spherical capsules with dimples exhibited a 30 % improvement in charging rate compared to smooth spheres, particularly at elevated flow rates. Specifically, at a flow rate of 5 L/min, dimpled capsules achieved faster charging and sustained higher temperature compared to plain capsules. Higher flow rates (3 and 5 L/min) result in steeper temperature increases and an earlier peak temperature phase compared to the lower flow rate (1 L/min). Key dimensionless heat transfer numbers were examined. The Stefan number was found to be 0.1966 for an HTF inlet temperature of 70 °C and a latent heat of fusion (Lm) of 213 kJ/kg. Heat transfer increases when Reynolds numbers increased from laminar (123.8 at 1 L/min) to turbulent (619.1 at 5 L/min). Rayleigh number decreased over time but increased for dimpled capsules, indicating improved convection. Dimpled capsules had higher Nusselt numbers and increases with flow rate, indicating better convective heat transfer. Dimpled capsules absorbed heat faster and stored more energy, giving them a viable and efficient Packed Bed Latent Thermal Energy Storage system design.

Simple and Cost-Effective Generation of 3D Cell Sheets and Spheroids Using Curvature-Controlled Paraffin Wax Substrates

The challenges associated with animal testing in pharmaceutical development have driven the search for alternative in vitro models that mimic human tissues more accurately. In this study, we present a simple and cost-effective method for generating 3D cell sheets and spheroids using curvature-controlled paraffin wax films, which are easily accessible laboratory materials that eliminate the need for extracellular matrix (ECM) components or thermo-responsive polymers. By adjusting the curvature of the paraffin wax film, we successfully generated human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPdLF) cell sheets and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hBMSC) spheroids. Key parameters, such as cell density, substrate curvature, and incubation time, were identified as critical factors for optimizing the formation of these 3D structures. In addition, the use of quantum dots (QDs) for cell tracking enabled long-term visualization and distinction between different cell types within complex tissue-like structures. We further demonstrated that wrapping the hBMSC spheroids with HPdLF cell sheets partially replicated the connective tissue structure of the periodontal ligament surrounding the tooth root. This highlights the potential of this platform for the construction of more sophisticated tissue-mimicking assemblies. In conclusion, curvature-controlled paraffin wax films provide a versatile and practical approach for 3D cell cultures. This simplifies the generation of both cell sheets and spheroids, offering a promising tool for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications, where precise cell-to-cell interactions are essential.Graphical abstract

Numerical Investigation of Solar Collector Performance with Encapsulated PCM: A Transient, 3D Approach

This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation into the thermal performance of solar collectors integrated with encapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) using a transient three-dimensional (3D) approach. The performance of two distinct PCMs—paraffin wax and RT60—was evaluated under varying operational conditions, including seasonal variations, inlet pipe velocities, and inlet temperatures. The results indicate that paraffin wax exhibits a higher peak temperature, reaching approximately 360 K, compared to RT60’s peak of 345 K, making paraffin wax more effective for consistent thermal energy storage. Paraffin wax also maintained higher fluid fractions, with a maximum of 0.9 in summer, indicating superior heat absorption and retention capabilities. In contrast, RT60 demonstrated a quicker phase transition, fully liquefying at a lower fluid fraction, which is advantageous for rapid heat release. Seasonal variations significantly impacted system efficiency, with the highest efficiency observed in June at 365 K and the lowest in December at 340 K. The study also found that lower inlet velocities (e.g., 0.25 L/s) significantly improved heat retention, resulting in higher outlet temperatures, while increasing the inlet temperature from 290 K to 310 K led to a marked increase in outlet temperatures throughout the day. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing PCM selection, inlet velocity, and temperature in enhancing the performance of solar thermal systems, offering quantitative insights that contribute to the development of more efficient and reliable renewable energy solutions.

Performance analysis of photovoltaic module using eutectic phase change material

ABSTRACT Geographical factors and environmental variables affect the performance of the solar photovoltaic (SPV) system. The incident solar radiation on the SPV will generate power and increase the surface temperature. Thermal regulation is needed for the SPV system to enhance its performance. In this work, a passive cooling approach is adopted to reduce the surface temperature of the SPV system. The eutectic phase change material is synthesized with the composition of RT35 paraffin wax and sodium sulfate decahydrate. The thermophysical properties of the eutectic mixture are analyzed using a differential scanning calorimeter, and thermal conductivity is measured. The developed eutectic PCM is integrated into the SPV modules’ rear-side packing in the aluminum container. The output of the PV module is increased by 10% and up to 6.1°C reduces the surface temperature of the SPV module compared to the conventional SPV system.

Tuning Barrier Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene: Impact of Amorphous Region Nanostructure on Gas Transmission Rate

This work focused on determining the factors that are of key importance in the oxygen barrier properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE). It has been shown that, depending on the type and amount of the low-molecular-weight compound (tetracosane, paraffin wax, paraffin oil) introduced into the LDPE matrix, it can contribute to the improvement or deterioration of barrier properties. Tetracosane and paraffin wax incorporated into the LDPE matrix caused a reduction in oxygen permeability parameters compared to neat polyethylene. As their content increased, the barrier properties of the samples towards oxygen also increased. A completely opposite effect was achieved with paraffin oil. The results of comprehensive studies provide evidence that in the case of LDPE blends, two mechanisms are responsible for changing/controlling their transport properties. The first mechanism is associated with changes in the molecular packing in the interlamellar amorphous regions, while the second is related to the crystallinity of the samples. In cases where there are no changes in crystallinity, the density of the amorphous phase becomes the decisive factor in barrier properties, as clearly shown by results assessing chain dynamics.

Optimizing cord pyramid solar distillers: A comprehensive study on square baffles, reflectors, and phase transition materials

Limited access to safe drinking water is a critical global issue, particularly in areas with inadequate infrastructure. Solar stills offer a promising alternative for such regions. This study investigates the influence of square baffles within a modified solar still design on its overall efficiency. Additionally, the integration of reflectors is explored to enhance both evaporation and condensation rates. Furthermore, the effectiveness of a paraffin wax phase change material (PCM) combined with silver nanoparticles is assessed within the modified still. Thermo-economic analyses are conducted to evaluate the economic feasibility of the proposed system. The findings demonstrate a significant improvement in distillation yield. The modified still with square baffles achieved a yield of 9800 mL/m2.day compared to 3550 mL/m2.day for the reference still, representing a 193 % increase. Moreover, incorporating the nano-PCM at an optimal configuration (25 cords) resulted in a further 265 % productivity increase for the modified still with both square baffles and reflectors. This configuration also achieved an efficiency of 63 %. Economic analysis revealed a minimal cost difference between the reference still (0.014 $/L) and the modified still with square baffles and nano-PCM (0.01 $/L). In terms of environmental impact, the modified still exhibited a lower annual CO2 emission of 28.8 tons.

Development and characterisation of myristic acid-paraffin wax, silica fume and zinc oxide cementitious composites for thermal control in buildings

This study focuses on the development of a cement-based phase change material (CBPCM) to improve thermal performance in construction applications. The CBPCM was synthesised by blending 90 wt% of myristic acid with 10 wt% of paraffin wax, absorbed into 10 wt% of silica fume to prevent leakage. Additionally, 5 wt% of zinc oxide was added to improve thermal conductivity. A leakage test conducted with 10 wt% of SF exhibited no signs of leakage during thermal cycling. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) established the uniform dispersion of the nano-enhanced phase change material (NEPCM) within the cement. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed no chemical structure changes after 100 thermal cycles. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed thermal stability in the temperature range of 74.8–236.64 °C with a mass loss of 6.3 wt%. The material demonstrated minimal variation in phase change temperatures and latent heats after 100 cycles. The latent heat of the CBPCM was 1.09 J/g during melting and 1.887 J/g during solidification. Incorporating NEPCM into the cement increased the thermal conductivity of the cement matrix to 0.559 W/m K. These findings underline the potential of the CBPCM for energy-efficient construction, offering enhanced thermal storage, stability, and conductivity.