Human Life Cycle Research Articles

Recent Research on the Human Biology of Pastoralists.

Despite encroachment by agricultural systems and globalization, pastoral nomads maintain a robust presence in terms of numbers and subsistence activity. At the same time, increasing concern about climate change has promoted awareness that increased climatic fluctuation may push pastoral population past their capacity for resilience. The response of pastoralists to climate change has important implications for our evolutionary past and our increasingly problematic future. Yet, pastoralists have received less explicit attention than foragers as populations under consistent selective constraints including limited caloric intake, high levels of habitual activity, and high disease burdens. Additional factors include exposure to cold and high temperatures, as well as high altitude. Over the last 20 or so years, the use of new techniques for measuring energetics, including actigraphs and doubly labeled water have built on existing noninvasive sample collection for hormones, immune markers and genes to provide a more detailed picture of the human biology of pastoral populations. Here I consider recent work on pastoralists from Siberia and northern Europe, Africa, Asia, and South America. I survey what is known about maternal milk composition and infant health, childhood growth, lactase persistence, and adult energy expenditure and lactase persistence to build a picture of the pastoralist biological response to environmental conditions, including heat, cold, and high altitude. Where available I include information about population history because of its importance for selection. I end by outlining the impact of milk consumption and climate over the human life cycle and make suggestions for further research.

Queer Economics: Same-Sex Marriage Rate vs. Economics Crisis Expectation

Marriage is not just a promise between two individuals; it serves as a bridge between two families and provides the nurturing ground for many new lives. Research studies have indicated that marriage can enhance the subjective well-being of married individuals[i]. However, beneath the weighty commitments and responsibilities, the dissolution of marriage can increase illness rates and psychological distress among divorced women. [ii]While mainstream society still upholds the social stability brought by marriage and advocates it as an indispensable part of the human lifecycle, people are actively exploring alternative romantic relationships or family models, such as cohabitation. Many individuals engage in cohabitation as a prelude to formal marriage, viewing it as an experimental version of married life, enjoying the everyday romantic relationship without the legal costs and property entanglements. [iii]This article considers cohabitation as an alternative to marriage, which can also be understood as a substitution in consumption when people are deterred from marriage due to the high costs associated with divorce. Therefore, strategies people adopt towards marriage are often influenced by changes in societal patterns and the turbulence in politics and the economy. In comparison to heterosexual couples, the dynamics of marriage are more complex for same-sex couples. Apart from the ethical debates surrounding same-sex marriage, economic models have also demonstrated that same-sex marriage poses significant secular challenges. [iv]For instance, issues like post-marriage healthcare for same-sex couples and the impact of their married status on the labor market are still subjects of debate. However, these issues primarily target the challenges and research pertaining to the identity of being a same-sex individual. Nevertheless, as members of society, same-sex couples also experience the fluctuations brought about by broader social cycles, such as the impact of economic crises. There is relatively limited research in the field on how same-sex couples respond to widespread societal crises, and the strategies employed by same-sex couples during different economic crises can effectively reflect the natural state of this community within society.[v] [i] Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser and Tamara L Newton. (2001). Marriage and Health: His and Hers. American Psychological Association. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-01085-002. [ii] Frederick O Lorenz et al. (2006). The Short-Term and Decade-Long Effects of Divorce on Women’s Midlife Health. American Sociological Association. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/002214650604700202. [iii] Brandon G Wagner, Kate H Choi, and Philip N Cohen. (2020). Decline in Marriage Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States. Sage Journals. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2378023120980328. [iv] DOUGLAS W ALLEN. (2006). An Economic Assessment of Same-Sex Marriage Laws. Semantic scholar. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/An-Economic-Assessment-of-Same-Sex-Marriage-Laws-Allen/513a92f3d397ae2b787094294aa465d48053ef53. [v] Malaczewska Paulina and Malaczewski Maciej. (1970, January 1). Marriage, Divorce and Coronavirus—Theoretical Analysis of the Influence of COVID-19 on Family Capital. Economics and Business Review. https://ideas.repec.org/a/vrs/ecobur/v8y2022i3p126-142n7.html.

Национальная специфика паремий с темпоральным значением в чувашском языке

The purpose of this study is to identify the national specifics of paroemias with temporal meaning in the Chuvash language. The scientific novelty of this work lies in its exploration of binary temporal oppositions that are shaped by calendar landmarks related to natural cycles. These landmarks reflect the concerns and daily activities of peasants. The article finds that many paroemias are expressions of the Chuvash ethnic mentality and represent a special vision of life situations by native speakers. As a result, the main oppositions characterizing human time and life cycles were analyzed. The high productivity of the persistent opposition "паян" (today) – "ыран" (tomorrow); "кун" (day) – "çĕр" (night); "вилĕм" (death) – "пурнăç" (life) was revealed. Comparative semantic temporal relations in Chuvash parodies are clearly manifested and can be characterized by both positive and negative connotations. The results showed that it is precisely this conceptualization of temporal meaning in the Chuvash language that has its own national characteristics. The temporal indicator is a characteristic of human existence and is vividly reflected in the phraseological and paremiological foundations of the language.

Environmental burden of excessive food intake: Exploring new opportunities to enhance food and environmental sustainability in China

China faces increasing challenges in producing sufficient food sustainably while confronting a worsening overweight and obesity crisis caused partly by overeating. Building on the China Health and Nutrition Survey data, this study estimated the agricultural and environmental implications of overeating based on human metabolic theory and life cycle assessment. The results show that the average excess food intake per person is twice the amount of household edible food waste (53.85 vs. 26.88 g/capita/day). The total excessive food intake is equivalent to 18.7 Mt of annual cereal production, approximately 4.3 times China's recent annual cereal production growth (4.4 Mt). Excessive food intake also embodies substantial carbon, water, energy, and ecological footprints, amounting to 39.15 Mt CO2e, 31.40 Gm3, 11.18 Mtce, 544.69 × 108 gm2, respectively, significantly exceeding the corresponding domestic food waste footprints. Cereals and meats have a dominant role in excessive food intake and related environmental impacts, with significant differences linked to demographic characteristics and urbanization levels. China has implemented various national policies, including an anti-food-waste law, to address agri-food sustainability challenges. This study suggests that addressing overeating can significantly enhance China's ability to tackle these challenges and improve public health outcomes.

Integrating Change Management with a Knowledge Management Framework: A Methodological Proposal

This study proposes the integration of change management with a knowledge management framework to address knowledge retention and successful change management in the context of Industry 5.0. Using the ADKAR model, it is suggested to implement strategies for training and user acceptance testing. The research highlights the importance of applying the human capital life cycle in knowledge and change management, demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach in adapting to Industry 5.0. The methodology includes a review of the state of the art in intangible asset management, change management models, and the integration of change and knowledge management. In addition, a case study is presented in a food production company that validates the effectiveness of the ADKAR model in implementing digital technologies, improving process efficiency and increasing employee acceptance of new technologies. The results show a significant improvement in process efficiency and a reduction in resistance to change. The originality of the study lies in the combination of the ADKAR model with intangible asset and knowledge management, providing a holistic solution for change management in the Industry 5.0 era. Future implications suggest the need to explore the applicability of the ADKAR model in different industries and cultures, as well as its long-term effects on organisational sustainability and innovation. This comprehensive approach can serve as a guide for other organisations seeking to implement successful digital transformations.

Bloodmeals fuel dengue virus replication in the female mosquito Aedes aegypti.

Through evolution, the mosquito-borne viruses have adapted to the blood-feeding behaviors of their opportunist hosts to fulfill a complete lifecycle in humans and mosquitos. Disruption in the mosquitos' ability to host these viruses offers strategies to prevent diseases caused by them. With the advent of genomic tools, we discovered that dengue virus (DENV) benefited from the female mosquitos' bloodmeals for metabolic and energetic supplies for replication. Chemical or genetic disruption in these supplies reduced DENV replication in the female mosquitos. Our discovery can be exploited to produce genetically modified mosquitos, in which DENV infection leads to disruption in the supplies and thereby reduces replication and transmission. Our discovery might be extrapolated to prevent mosquito-borne virus transmission and the diseases they cause.

An agent-based model of the role of resource dynamics and the environment in human female life cycles

An agent-based model of the role of resource dynamics and the environment in human female life cycles

Self-Esteem and Risk Behaviours in Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

Adolescence is recognised as a notoriously vulnerable period in the human life cycle. Influenced by a complex interplay of biological, psychological and social factors, adolescents show a marked propensity to engage in risk behaviours. A systematic review was conducted of studies published in the Web of Science, PsycInfo and MEDLINE databases over the last decade, with the aim of collecting studies on the relationship between self-esteem and risk behaviour in individuals aged 12-18 years. The aim was to confirm the role of high self-esteem as a consistent protective factor against risk behaviour. The results show that self-esteem is negatively related to risk behaviour. Our results also reflect the need for further research on how sociodemographic factors, among others, affect the relationship between self-esteem and risk behaviours. This review highlights the relevance of implementing specific educational interventions to strengthen self-esteem in adolescents, with the aim of preventing various risk behaviours that may emerge during adolescence and persist throughout life if not addressed early.

Torque Detection Using EMG Signals for Different Walking Speed of a Person

This paper analyses the different walking speed of a person for torque detection by using the Electromyography (EMG) signals. EMG measures electrical activity and the muscle response to a nerve stimulation. The reduced ability to move due to variation in tendon structured muscle in lower limb joints of legs affects the overall activity of the human lifecycle. This defect makes it difficult to move causing severe pain resulting in disability. In order to overcome this problem, exoskeleton technology is implemented where Electromyography (EMG) signals are collected from electric impulse generated during the muscle movements. From these electric impulses, the torque present in EMG signals are detected and classified accordingly. The first step consists of pre processing EMG signals using Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter. Secondly features are extracted from pre processed signals by using Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) methods and classified using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) classifier. From this classification, the rotational movement of muscles named torque in processed EMG signal is detected. Form detected torque, the normal muscle system and problematic muscle system are differentiated

Continuity and Discontinuity in Cultural Conditioning Ruth Benedict

In our culture, the human growth cycle is a constant, from vulnerable infants to adults. Ruth Benedict underscores the physiological contrast between the two, as well as the roles that change over time. While these facts of nature underlie discussions of humans, the anthropologist's role is to analyze the interaction between "nature" and human behavior, and how culture influences it. In this context, Benedict highlights the concepts of continuity and discontinuity, describing variations in child training in different cultures and differences in roles between children and adults. She points out that although physiological differences exist, the process of transitioning from child to adult varies significantly between societies. In her paper, Benedict analyzes three contracts that are prominent in culture, namely non-responsive responsible status, compliance dominance, and limited sexual roles. This research helps to understand how culture plays an important role in the formation of the human life cycle, highlighting the continuities and discontinuities that exist across different cultures.

ONCOLOGY PATIENT'S ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE PERCEPTION OF AN EXISTENTIAL BEING, THAT IS: A finite being

The conception of birth, considered a spontaneous act, which results after a long heating process that refers to gestation, as well as the human life cycle, is, on an existential level, a heating process, but for another spontaneous act, death. In this study, we sought to understand the perceptions about finiteness that cancer patients in palliative care have. Being a qualitative, phenomenological study, semi-structured interviews were used, and Bardin's content analysis approach was used. Six patients admitted to an oncology clinic in a hospital in the west of Santa Catarina were interviewed. The results of this study demonstrate that cancer patients present the perception of presenting their own death, since the impact of the diagnosis causes adverse reactions, making it possible to question their own existence, as well as the restrictions that the disease imposes and the coping resources used, recognizing the responsibility of your choices will reflect the death process, since being aware of death makes you think about life. It is considered the need to promote spaces for listening and welcoming the anxieties of cancer patients in the hospital environment, with psychological care being essential to carry out interventions and improve comprehensive care for patients, helping to find or create meaning in existence, taking into account consideration of the cultural, spiritual and social context. Likewise, pay attention to total pain care, so that everyone who goes through a terminal illness has the relief and lightness of living until the act of death.

Imitation-based Cognitive Learning Optimizer for solving numerical and engineering optimization problems

A novel human cognitive and social interaction-based metaheuristic called Imitation-based Cognitive Learning Optimizer (CLO) is proposed and developed to solve engineering optimization problems effectively. CLO is inspired by humans’ imitation and social learning behavior during the life cycle. The human life cycle consists of various stages. Social and imitating human behavior during the life cycle is incorporated into this algorithm to improve cognitive abilities. The three real-world mechanical engineering optimization problems (Welded beam problem, Tension–Compression String Design Problem, and Speed reducer problem) and 100 challenging benchmark functions including uni-modal, multi-modal and CEC-BC-2017 functions are used for the real-time validation. CLO is compared with 12 state-of-art algorithms from the literature. The experiments along with convergence analysis and Friedman’s Mean Rank (FMR) statistical test show the superiority of CLO over the other chosen algorithms.

Coenzyme Q10 for Enhancing Physical Activity and Extending the Human Life Cycle.

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an enzyme family that plays a crucial role in maintaining the electron transport chain and antioxidant defense. CoQ10 is the most common form of CoQ in humans. A deficiency of CoQ10 occurs naturally with aging and may contribute to the development or progression of many diseases. Besides, certain drugs, in particular, statins and bisphosphonates, interfere with the enzymes responsible for CoQ10 biosynthesis and, thus, lead to CoQ10 deficiency. This article aims to evaluate the cumulative studies and insights on the topic of CoQ10 functions in human health, focusing on a potential role in maintaining physical activity and extending the life cycle. Although supplementation with CoQ10 offers many benefits to patients with cardiovascular disease, it appears to add little value to patients suffering from statin-associated muscular symptoms. This may be attributed to substantial heterogeneity in doses and treatment regimens used. Therefore, there is a need for further studies involving a greater number of patients to clarify the benefits of adjuvant therapy with CoQ10 in a range of health conditions and diseases.

The Influence of Gentle Birth on the Anxiety of TM III Primigravida Mothers in Preparation for Childbirth at TPMB Diah Arista, Wringinpitu Village, Tegaldlimo District”

Anxiety during pregnancy triggers changes in physical activity, nutrition and sleep, which have an impact on changes in the mother's mood and fetal development. The research design used was pre-experimental designs, using a one group pre test-post test design approach, in this study the population was Primigravida Mothers in Preparation for Childbirth, sampling using the Accidental Sampling technique obtained a sample of 30 respondents to determine the influence between the two variables The Wilcoxon statistical test was carried out with a significance level of 0.05. The research results obtained before the Gentle Birth were carried out, most of the respondents experienced a level of anxiety in preparation for the moderate category of birth, 17 respondents (56.7%) and after the Gentle Birth, almost all respondents experienced a level of anxiety in preparation for the mild category of birth, 28 respondents (93.3%) . Based on the results of the Wilcoxon statistical test with the SPSS 25 for Windows program, the calculated Z value was -4.964> Ztable -1.645 or Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) of p-value 0.000 <alpha 0.05 then H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. The position of gentle birth in a birth is to convey an understanding of how childbirth is considered a natural thing that is part of the human life cycle.
 Key words : Gentle Birth, Anxiety, Primigravida, Childbirth.

Foster parenting in old age as a crisis. Baseline hope, generalised self-efficacy, and positive orientation of foster parents in late adulthood

The article presents the results of own research presenting differences in the level of basic hope, the sense of generalized self-efficacy and positive orientation depending on the function of a foster parent for one’s grandchildren. For this purpose, the Basic Hope Questionnaire (BHI-12), the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), the Positive Orientation Scale (P Scale) and the self-survey were used. 160 people took part in the study. The study group consisted of 80 foster parents in late adulthood. The control group consisted of 80 elderly people who did not perform this function.
 Statistical analysis showed statistically significant differences in the level of all the studied variables. It turned out that foster parents are characterized by a higher level of basic hope (this effect is strong), a higher level of a sense of generalized self-efficacy, and a lower level of positive orientation. In the case of the last variable, the effect was very strong. On this basis, it can be concluded that elderly people acting as foster parents, in the situation of a crisis occurring in the family, consisting in the disintegration of the previous way of its functioning, having a sense of agency and conviction that it is possible to build a new order, i.e. a strong basic hope, decide to take over the care of their grandchildren. At the same time, the results of research in the field of positive orientation indicate that it is a difficult situation for them related to the experience of lower satisfaction with themselves and their lives.
 Surrogate parenting in late adulthood has been shown as a difficult situation in which the family and human life cycle are disrupted. The psychological situation of elderly people acting as foster parents for their grandchildren is particularly interesting, because the natural developmental crisis resulting from the aging process is superimposed by an additional situational crisis consisting in the loss of the care of the biological parents by the minors and the assumption of this responsibility by the grandparents

A systematic review of the types, workload, and supervision mechanism of community health workers: lessons learned for Indonesia

BackgroundCommunity health workers (CHWs) have demonstrated capability to improve various health indicators, however, many programmes require support in meeting their objectives due to subpar performance and a high rate of CHW attrition. This systematic review investigated the types of CHWs, their workloads, and supervision practices that contribute to their performance in different countries.MethodsThe search was carried out in November 2022 in Medline, Embase, and Neliti for studies published in Indonesian or English between 1986 and 2022 that reported public health services delivered by CHWs who live and serve the community where they live but are not considered health professionals. The findings were synthesised using a thematic analysis to assess key factors influencing the performance of CHWs.ResultsSixty eligible articles were included in this review. CHWs were responsible for more than two diseases (n = 35) and up to fifteen, with more than eighteen activities. Their roles covered the human life cycle, from preparation for pregnancy, care for newborns, health for children, adolescents, and productive age to elderly individuals. They were also involved in improving environmental health, community empowerment, and other social issues hindering access to health services. They carried out promotive, preventive, and curative interventions. The CHW-population ratio varied from eight to tens of thousands of people. Some CHWs did not have a clear supervision system. Challenges that were often faced by CHWs included inappropriate incentives, inadequate facilities, insufficient mentoring, and supervision, many roles, and a broad catchment area. Many studies revealed that CHWs felt overburdened and stressed. They needed help to balance their significant work and domestic tasks.ConclusionsEffective planning that considered the scope of work of CHWs in proportion to their responsibilities and the provision of necessary facilities were crucial factors in improving the performance of CHWs. Supportive supervision and peer-supervision methods are promising, however, any CHW supervision required a detailed protocol. This systematic review emphasised the opportunity for CHW management system improvement in Indonesia.

Legal Framework for the Aged: Progress and Pitfalls in India's Elderly Welfare Policies

Old age is the most vulnerable phase of human life cycle. It is at this phase that the elderly requires maximum care and protection. But the sociocultural changes associated with the globalization and development has weakened the traditional values and family support systems for senior citizens. There is an increase in the prevalence of elder abuse and difficulties in getting appropriate care and support. The Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens (MWP) Act came into existence in the year 2007 is an important legislation in India which provides maintenance support to elderly parents and senior citizens and also safeguarded the elderly from exploitation and abuse. Considering the challenges it poised an immediate need to incorporate the necessary amendments was felt and the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2019 was passed. The new Act was passed so that the act gets more pragmatic value and becomes and important tool for elderly care and protection and reduce vulnerabilities and ensure holistic care with support in various bio-psycho-social domains.

The Effect of Slow Deep Breathing Exercises on Elderly Women With Hypertension

Background: The elderly or the elderly are the last stage of the human life cycle and experience degenerative processes in various aspects, especially in older women, which results in a higher risk of exposure to disease and ends in death, one of which is hypertension. Older women are closely related to the occurrence of hypertension when a woman experiences menopause. Treatment of hypertension can be done using non-pharmacological methods using slow deep breathing exercises. Purpose: To determine the effect of slow deep breathing exercises on older women with hypertension. Method: This study used the time series quasi-experimental method with one pre-test and post-test group. Results: The analysis of the Paired Sample T Test yielded p-values of 0.049 and 0.009 (p < 0.05), indicating that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is supported. This implies that there is a significant impact of slow deep breathing exercises on blood pressure in older women when comparing the measurements before and after the intervention. Conclusion: Slow deep breathing exercises have an impact on the blood pressure of older women with hypertension.

Hubungan Beban Kerja Dengan Kelengkapan Dokumentasi Asuhan Keperawatan Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Bakti Timah Karimun Tahun 2023

Old age is said to be the final stage of development in the human life cycle which experiences various health problems and is at high risk of dangerous diseases. Health problems that occur in the elderly in general are a decrease in organ function, changes in lifestyle, diet and physical activity which are often the main factors in degenerative diseases including hypertension which disrupts blood flow. This hypertension often occurs in the elderly where the blood pressure is at the upper limit ( Systole) is more than 140 mmHg and lower limit blood pressure (diastole) is more than 90 mmHg. One non-pharmacological treatment that can improve the flow of oxygen in the blood is laughter therapy. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of laughter therapy using comedy videos on reducing blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension at the Tiban Baru Community Health Center, Batam City. The Batam City Health Service noted that hypertension occurs more frequently in elderly people aged 60-70 years and over with the highest number being 9,282 people at the Tiban Baru Community Health Center, Batam City. This research uses a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design without control. The sample provided used the purpose sampling method with a total research sample of 20 respondents. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is an effect of laughter therapy on reducing blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension.

The human papillomavirus late life cycle and links to keratinocyte differentiation.

Regulation of human papillomavirus (HPV) gene expression is tightly linked to differentiation of the keratinocytes the virus infects. HPV late gene expression is confined to the cells in the upper layers of the epithelium where the virus capsid proteins are synthesized. As these proteins are highly immunogenic, and the upper epithelium is an immune-privileged site, this spatial restriction aids immune evasion. Many decades of work have contributed to the current understanding of how this restriction occurs at a molecular level. This review will examine what is known about late gene expression in HPV-infected lesions and will dissect the intricacies of late gene regulation. Future directions for novel antiviral approaches will be highlighted.