Cybernetics Research Research Articles

Morphological analysis of system studies of automatic space applications in a synergetically disturbing environment

The article considers the use of a new methodological cognitive-variable synergetic (CVS) approach to the analysis of the problems of the theory of systems research conducted on board automated spacecraft (AS) [1]. The methodological basis of the CVS approach is based on cybernetic [2]and synergetic [3] theories of dynamic systems management, as well as the methodology of proactive management of the functioning of complex technical objects (STO), based on the concept of integrated modeling of STO [2]. The results of the previously conducted morphological analysis of the problems of the theory of systemic cybernetic studies of the movement of dynamic systems are known, presented in the form of a morphological tree containing four branches (modeling-analysis-observation-choice) and leaves (particular tasks) [4]. The number of tasks is determined by the interaction of the control system (environment) with four types of effects of the disturbing environment – deterministic, stochastic, purposeful and with unknown characteristics - in the formation of input effects on the control system. The CVS approach is based on the use of a new type of environment in the management of dynamic systems – synergetically disturbing. To display the new environment and tasks on the morphological tree of problem analysis, in addition to the existing tasks of systemic cybernetic research, new leaves are introduced - particular tasks of systemic synergetic research. The paradigm of problem analysis is formed on the basis of knowledge, management experience and system research aimed at solving the problem of providing resources for on-board AS systems and the stability of their functioning during flight. The goal–setting of a new methodological approach to the analysis of the problems of the theory of systems research is aimed at the rational use of the main structural and functional resources of the BS, obtaining synergetic resources and preventing failures caused by calculated and non-calculated abnormal processes. Further, synergetic will be called such a type of resources that is formed by spontaneous self-organization of processes in management systems and transformed into purposeful self-organization in objectively existing multi-place relationships describing synergetic interactions and interrelations during the movement of processes in a synergetically disturbing external environment [5, 6].

Bifurcation of environmental safety: Science and technology

The paper analyzes the provisions of the domestic legislative base and legal doctrine on the discussion issues of substantive and essential parameters of the category of environmental safety of the state. The opinions of domestic and foreign authors are studied, an extensive layer of theoretical and applied problems in the field of normative-legal support of the activity of state-public entities to ensure environmental safety, as well as ways to neutralize them in the foreseeable future are presented. Accumulation of the accumulated theoretical and empirical material, combined with the use of modern methods of cybernetic research made it possible for the author of the publication to present a set of measures to modernize the normative-legal parameters of state policy in the field of environmental protection. The theoretical and practical significance of the obtained results is multifaceted, as the substantiated conclusions can be a foundation for further doctrinal developments on auxiliary issues of ensuring environmental safety of the state, as well as in the development of educational and methodological material for disciplines of public-law cycle.

Glottokodematische Prozesse unter kybernetischem Aspekt (Ausgewählte Fragen)

A significant contribution to broadening and deepening the field of glottodidactics is made, inter alia, by the results of codematic and cybernetic research. Within the glottodidactic system, the following processes can be identified: 1) the encoding of information by the primary sender (the instructor), 2) the sending of information and its linguistic and extralinguistic monitoring to the primary receivers (learners), 3) the reception and decoding of information by the primary receivers, and the construction of matrices of new lexical and grammatical structures, 4) the encoding of information by the secondary sender (the learner), 5) the sending of information to the secondary receiver (the instructor) within a feedback system, 6) the reception of information by the secondary receiver, its checking and correction, the regulation and syntactic ordering and renewal of the glottodidactic process.

Mapping the Evolution of Cybernetics: A Bibliometric Perspective

In this study, we undertake a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the cybernetics research field. We compile a dataset of 4856 papers from the ISI Web of Science database spanning 1975–2022, employing keywords related to cybernetics. Our findings reveal an annual growth rate of 7.56% in cybernetics research over this period, indicating sustained scholarly interest. By examining the annual progression of scientific production, we have identified three distinct periods characterized by significant disruptions in yearly publication trends. These disruptions have been thoroughly investigated within the paper, utilizing a longitudinal analysis of thematic evolution. We also identify emerging research trends through keyword analysis. Furthermore, we investigate collaborative networks among authors, their institutional affiliations, and global representation to elucidate the dissemination of cybernetics research. Employing n-gram analysis, we uncover diverse applications of cybernetics in fields such as computer science, information science, social sciences, sustainable development, supply chain, knowledge management, system dynamics, and medicine. The study contributes to enhancing the understanding of the evolving cybernetics landscape. Moreover, the conducted analysis underscores the versatile applicability across various academic and practical domains associated with the cybernetics field.

SYMBIOSIS OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN ONCOLOGY

SYMBIOSIS OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN ONCOLOGY

Современный взгляд на самореферентные системы. Кибернетика второго порядка

Considering the current state of system theory, the theory of self-organization and autopoiesis, we come to the conclusion that, first of all, we must identify what would determine the essence of cybernetics for us. Among the reasons why it is difficult to reveal the essence of cybernetics is the presence of numerous di­rections of this system theory, which are mutually overlapping. Despite the fact that due to this breadth the active development of cybernetics is ensured, it also causes the lack of certainty. Such a lack of certainty in some cases is perceived as inconsistency. The analysis mentioned in this article is not focused on stream­lining the categories, concepts related to cybernetics. It seems necessary only to present the key features inherent in the cybernetic approach. Nor can we bypass what is usually called cybernetics 2.0, second-order cybernetics, or cybernetics of self-referential or self-observing systems. The emergence of second-order cy­bernetics is associated with the interpretation of the system and its environment in relation to an infinite sequence of discrimination processes carried out by the observer. The observation of events that occur in the field of observation is referred to as first-order observation. In the case of second-order observation, the observer does not see what he does not see. This observation is an observa­tion of an observation. In the works of Heinz von Förster, we see that as a re­sponse to the negative assessment by humanists of the main object of cybernetic research – the machine – he distinguishes two types of machines: machines that are trivial, and machines that are not among them, that is, non-trivial. And it is the study of non-trivial machines that constitutes the content of self-referential cybernetics.

Кібернетика і технологія розвитку. Базові визначення

Cybernetic research on the management of systems development is at an early stage: there are no examples of productive management of development of the state, economy, enterprise, technical systems, ecology, society, education, morality, health, intelligence, personality, psyche. For modern cybernetics, these challenges are a major challenge that it can meet only after rethinking its fundamentals. The development process has the highest cost of decision-making error, because it is strategic, and to base development on the basis of dubious statements is not rational. A necessary foundation of development management methodology should be a self-evident statement that does not require any additional justification and that no one can question, and the whole system of basic concepts should be defined based on this statement. This article is devoted to solving this problem.

Behavior Morphologies of Machine Learning Agents in Media Artworks

Abstract Since the 1950s, a range of artists have used artificial agents in their work, in parallel with scientific research in cybernetics, artificial intelligence (AI) and artificial life (AL). In particular, an increasing number of artists work with machine learning and other adaptive systems. Through the author's own engagement with such systems, an analysis of adaptive agents is provided within the broader context of behavior aesthetics. As a result, the author proposes an aesthetic framework for understanding behaviors that accounts for the observer as an adaptive perceiving agent, the unfathomable character of machine learning systems and the morphology of behaviors as a time-based phenomenon.

Research in Biological Cybernetics and Mathematical Modeling in Medicine

Research in Biological Cybernetics and Mathematical Modeling in Medicine

AGGREGATIVE-DECOMPOSITION APPROACH FOR OPTIMAL CONTROL OF A HIERARCHICAL ERGATIC ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM

This article discusses the optimization problems of energy associated with the optimal management of a complex ergatic electric power system. The search for solutions to these problems is proposed to be carried out on the basis of extremization of the target functional specified using the statistical model. In order to analyze the control process of a complex ergatic electric power system, it is proposed to apply the aggregative - decomposition approach, according to which models of complex power supply systems are described by compositions of interconnected units. When searching for a solution to the optimization problem of controlling a complex electric power system, it is proposed to apply the method of stochastic programming, as well as the method of stochastic quasigradients. From the point of view of the object-oriented approach, it is proposed to consider complex ergatic electric power systems as a class of multi-level multi-purpose systems, which are the subject of cybernetics research. Moreover, the adequacy of algorithmic models for managing these systems is ensured by the implementation of compromise methods. To implement control functions at the highest hierarchical levels of complex electric power systems, it is proposed to create aggregated models of these systems using the descriptive aggregation procedure. The principles of coordination of mathematical programming problems of electric power systems are also considered, according to which local admissibility and consistency predetermines global admissibility.

From learning machines to learning humans: how cybernetic machine models inspired experimental pedagogies

ABSTRACT This article analyses how Heinz von Foerster’s Biological Computer Laboratory (BCL) translated cybernetic concepts into an experimental pedagogy tailored to the interests of the youth of the American intellectual counterculture. The existing research literature assumes that the opening of BCL to the counterculture in the early 1970s was the result of a radical shift from first- to second-order cybernetic theory; in other words, the result of a new epistemological position. This article instead attempts to identify similarities between the design of cybernetic ‘learning machines’ in the early 1960s and Foerster’s teaching methods that characterised BCL between 1968 and 1976. The article will show that Foerster’s pedagogy was inspired by a specific style of thinking that can already be found in earlier cybernetic research practices. Concerning both the early and the late phase of the BCL, oral history sources, as well as original publications and archival material, were used.

Introduction to Hyperstition. An Interview

This interview deals with the concept of hyperstition that was introduced by the Cybernetic Culture Research Unit (CCRU) team in the context of apocalypse. Hyperstition refers to effective ideas that cease to be mere fictions and become real, as opposed to superstition understood as “mere” superstition, or in other words, a passive figment of the imagination with no impact. This process of realizing a hyperstition breaks down both the truth/lie and fiction/reality dichotomies. That is why hyperstition may be regarded by some thinkers as a self-fulfilling prophecy or as the various technologies described in science fiction (for example, cyberspace). Hyperstition relates genealogically to schizoanalysis and the organs without bodies of Deleuze and Guattari. The interview reveals step-by-step various aspects of a schizoanalytic tool for converting fictions into reality, and in particular its connections with pop culture and chthonic cults. Hyperstition is described as: 1) an element of effective culture that makes itself real; 2) a fictional quality functioning as a time travel device; 3) an “intensifier of coincidence;” and as 4) a “call to the Old Ones.” By describing the basic characteristics of hyperstition, the interview reveals that hyperstition is an intergral part of the ideology of progress but that it short circuits the progressive flux of history. This short circuit which corresponds to the fourth and final component of hyperstition is triggered by a regression to the culture of the monstrous other, or Unuttera. The Unuttera conjured into being by the architects of hyperstitions - the hyperstitional cyberneticists - turns any possible future into the apocalypse.

The Postmodern Gene: Does Post-Capitalism Mean Post-Postmodernism?

The article examines a problem besetting social theory and theory of culture: the problem of using postmodernism as a language for describing the 21st century. The author resorts to the umbrella term “post-postmodernism” to indicate the more complex theories that focus mainly on the analysis of the latest forms of capitalism rather than the concepts that other themselves as direct alternatives to postmodernism even though they ignore the link between postmodernism and capitalism. The author takes up the idea, first argued for by the American Marxist philosopher Fredric Jameson, that postmodernism is the cultural logic of late capitalism and then uses Jameson’s approach in an attempt to retrace the continuity of new concepts of capitalism. The discussion begins with the theory of capitalist realism developed by leftist British thinker Mark Fisher. Fisher recognizes Jameson’s merits but takes exception to the term “postmodernism,” although the entire philosophical apparatus that Fisher uses is borrowed from Jameson’s work. The article then bridges the gap between capitalist realism and the latest left-wing theories such as accelerationism and post-capitalism. After tracing the close connection between the work of Mark Fisher and Nick Land, who worked together in the 1990’s at the Cybernetic Culture Research Unit (CCRU) and the ideas of Nick Srnicek, the author asks why Srnicek and his colleagues are put off by Fredric Jameson’s postmodern theory. The answer is that postmodernism does not permit contemporary leftists to speculate about the future. However, as the author points out, Jameson’s ideas about postmodernism at the “genetic level” are implicit in Srnicek’s concept of post-capitalism, which makes Srnicek’s theory “post-postmodernist,” although as a negative variation (in contrast to Mark Fisher’s positive one).

CYBERNETYCZNE MODELOWANIE KOMUNIKACJI NAUCZYCIEL − STUDENT

The research focuses on social system and general regularities (relations), typical and repetitive in them (among human beings as an exemplification of elementary objects). The main goal of the author is to indicate the possibility of modeling and optimizing the relationships (communication) teacher-student – or relationship coach-player – using the cybernetics research workshop. This epistemological-methodological convention results from the fact that system-cybernetic methods allow to describe and explain the phenomena under consideration in a different light, give them a new, wider meaning, draw conclusions that would often be impossible to derivefrom other sciences. Moreover, their utilitarian significance is expressed in the accuracyof formulating answers to the questions posed by practitioners. A significant result of the research process is also the determination of the conditions of sufficient and necessary efficiency and the effectiveness of communication between the objects indicated. They constitute general, typical and repeatable regularities. Therefore, ignoring them can only cause conflicts and social rebellions. In order to prevent them and maximize the effects of any training (information and energy), you must undoubtedly educate teachers and trainers in the field of sociocybernetics and psychocybernetics. The elements signaling and initiating such a process are contained in this text.

Cybernetics: A Bibliometric Analysis Snapshot

ABSTRACTCybernetics is many different things to many different people and thus it has been used within various scientific disciplines. The aim of the presented paper was to produce a snapshot of cybernetics information source production using bibliometric analysis. The results showed that the production of information sources has been increasing, with a significant but temporary decrease in 90 s. The distribution in the more prolific countries and institutions is similar to other scientific fields, with the exception of China, which is higher ranked than usual. Important cybernetic papers are published in high-ranking journals. The more frequent topics covered are engineering and computer sciences. Cybernetic research in 2013 was mostly funded by Australasian, U.S., and European funding agencies.

Editorial

The annual American Society for Cybernetics (ASC) conference took place on 1-5 June 2016 in Olympia, WA, and was hosted by Evergreen State College. The proceedings from this conference are presented in this volume of Kybernetes, continuing a tradition that has seen this journal publish the proceedings of recent ASC conferences in Troy, NY (Glanville and Sweeting, 2011), Asilomar, CA (Glanville and Griffiths, 2013), Bolton, UK (Glanville et al., 2014), and Washington, DC (Baron et al., 2015), showing the support from both sides in the further dissemination of research in cybernetics. The aim of the conference was to bring together people from various disciplines providing cross-disciplinary and meta-disciplinary conversations and addressing the relationship between reflection and action. These systemically connected topics were explored from a variety of perspectives and from various contexts, highlighting the way that action and reflection unfold in individuals and groups. The theme complements that of the 2013 ASC conference in Bolton, which explored the cybernetic relationship between acting, learning and understanding (Glanville et al., 2014).

Modern software cybernetics: New trends

Classify software cybernetics as Software Cybernetics I and II.Identify the transition from Software Cybernetics I to Software Cybernetics II.Indicate that some new research areas are related to Software Cybernetics II.Highlight new research trends of Software Cybernetics II for further research. Software cybernetics research is to apply a variety of techniques from cybernetics research to software engineering research. For more than fifteen years since 2001, there has been a dramatic increase in work relating to software cybernetics. From cybernetics viewpoint, the work is mainly on the first-order level, namely, the software under observation and control. Beyond the first-order cybernetics, the software, developers/users, and running environments influence each other and thus create feedback to form more complicated systems. We classify software cybernetics as Software Cybernetics I based on the first-order cybernetics, and as Software Cybernetics II based on the higher order cybernetics. This paper provides a review of the literature on software cybernetics, particularly focusing on the transition from Software Cybernetics I to Software Cybernetics II. The results of the survey indicate that some new research areas such as Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, cyber-physical systems, and even creative computing are related to Software Cybernetics II. The paper identifies the relationships between the techniques of Software Cybernetics II applied and the new research areas to which they have been applied, formulates research problems and challenges of software cybernetics with the application of principles of Phase II of software cybernetics; identifies and highlights new research trends of software cybernetic for further research.

How to Collaborate More Productively [Views

IEEE, the world's largest engineering society, covers many research areas. Because of this, IEEE consists of many Societies-including ours. Each Society does its best to promote its corresponding research area. For example, our IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society is actively promoting research in cybernetics, systems science and engineering, and human-machine systems.

WITHDRAWN: Modern software cybernetics: Trends with new cybernetics

Software cybernetics research is to apply a variety of techniques from cybernetics research to software engineering research. For more than fifteen years since 2001, there has been a dramatic increase in work on software cybernetics. From cybernetics viewpoint, the work is mainly on the first-order level, namely, the software under observation and control. Beyond the first-order cybernetics, the software, developers/users, and running environments influence each other and thus create feedback to form a more complicated system. We classify software cybernetics as classical software cybernetics based on the first-order cybernetics, and as modern software cybernetics based on the higher order cybernetics (new cybernetics). This paper provides a review of literature on software cybernetics, especially focuses on the transition from classical software cybernetics to modern software cybernetics. The results of the survey indicate that some new research areas such as Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, cyber-physical systems, and even creative computing are related to modern software cybernetics. The paper identifies the relationships between the techniques of new cybernetics applied and the new research areas to which they have been applied; formulates research problems and challenges of software cybernetics with the application of principles of new cybernetics; identifies and highlights new research trends of modern software cybernetic for further research.

Slow Down

This paper reviews Benjamin Noys’ recent attempt in Malign Velocities: Accelerationism and Capitalism to mount a critique of accelerationism. The book, persuasive in certain respects, bypasses the institutional dynamics of accelerationism’s theoretical progenitors, viz. Nick Land and the Cybernetic Culture Research Unit (Ccru) of Warwick University, and instead portrays it as a “defeatist strategy” of the post-’68 conjuncture of “Deleuzian Thatcherism.” Such portrayal is debatable to the extent that it exhibits a questionable appropriation of “theory” in the strict sense of the term; a term the paper attempts to define with reference to Matthew Arnold, Louis Althusser and Gilles Grelet.