Cyber Safety Research Articles

Smartphone Privacy and Cyber Safety among Australian Adolescents: Gender Differences

While existing studies explore smartphone privacy setting risks for adolescents, they provide limited insight into the role of gender in these dynamics. This study aims to enhance adolescents’ awareness of the security risks associated with smartphone privacy leakage by focusing on how a cyber safety intervention lesson can affect knowledge of smartphone privacy settings, attitudes toward smartphone settings, and concerns about smartphone privacy. This study surveyed 376 high school students before and after a cyber safety lesson. Our study found that before the cyber safety intervention, females reported lower knowledge of smartphone settings than males. After the lesson, this gap narrowed, with both genders demonstrating more consistent understanding. Both genders showed lower attitudes towards smartphone privacy compared to knowledge, with males displaying the largest gap, reflecting the privacy paradox. Females expressed greater concern regarding location privacy, especially when tracked by unknown individuals, indicating that while both genders are aware of risks, females perceive them more acutely. The results suggest that targeted educational programs can effectively enhance adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes, and concerns about smartphone privacy, particularly in technical areas where gender gaps exist.

Development of cyber wellness indicators among Thai older persons: Mixed method research

ABSTRACT This mixed methods Ph.D. study aims to evaluate the structure of a new five component Cyber Wellness model from research with 320 participants from a multi-stage random sampling method. This model includes five components found from critical literature review: 1. Cyber Use, 2. Cyber Citizenship, 3. Cyber Ethical Relationship, 4. Cyber Safety and 5. Cyber Rights. Participants responded to a 5-point Likert scale with X questions. In our analysis, we found an overall Cronbach’s alpha was .938, with individual component alphas ranging from .733 to .889. Statistical analyses included; mean, percentage, standard deviation, and confirmatory factor analysis. We found that each model component demonstrated significance at the .01 level, with factor loadings ranging from .71 to .96, with the highest factor loading for being Cyber Ethical Relationship. This means that improved cyber ethical relationships among older individuals could greatly enhance their overall wellness. Our confirmatory factor analysis results showed Chi-Square (χ2) = 64.00, df = 50, p = .088, goodness of fit index (GFI) = .97, adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) = .95, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = .030. These results indicate that the chi-square value significantly differs from zero at the .05 level, supporting our main hypothesis that the measurement model aligns with empirical data and that the Cyber Wellness model developed in this study can serve as a foundational concept for designing learning programs that enhance Cyber Wellness among Thai older people using the identified indicators to create micro-learning modules suitable for their needs.

Cyber Safety Consciousness Among the Students Pursuing Higher Education: A Study of Selected Colleges and Universities in Bengaluru—the Capital City of Karnataka

The innovations in information and communication technology have made it convenient for the government to deliver services to the people in a time-bound manner, besides causing inconvenience to many, including the government, due to their ill-effects. The countries of the world are plagued with cyber threats that are proving to be detrimental to carrying out administration and discouraging the common man from going digital. India is not an exception. This article focuses on the cyber-safety consciousness of students pursuing higher education. It highlights the initiatives introduced by the government and the role of University Grants Commission (UGC) and the All India Council of Technical Education (AICTE) in confronting cyber threats among students. To comprehend the cyber safety awareness among the students, a questionnaire was circulated among the selected colleges and universities in Bengaluru—the capital city of Karnataka. This article suggests measures to make the virtual environment safe and secure for students.

Patient informed consent, ethical and legal considerations in the context of digital vulnerability with smart, cardiac implantable electronic devices.

Advancements in digitalisation with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) allow patients opportunities for improved autonomy, quality of life, and a potential increase in life expectancy. However, with the digital and functional practicalities of CIEDs, there exists also cyber safety issues with transferring wireless information. If a digital network were to be hacked, a CIED patient could experience both the loss of sensitive data and the loss of functional control of the CIED due to an unwelcome party. Moreover, if a CIED patient were to become victim of a cyber attack, which resulted in a serious or lethal event, and if this information were to become public, the trust in healthcare would be impacted and legal consequences could result. A cyber attack therefore poses not only a direct threat to the patient's health but also the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the CIED, and these cyber threats could be considered "patient-targeted threats." Informed consent is a key component of ethical care, legally concordant practice, and promoting patient-as-partner therapeutic relationships [1]. To date, there are no standardised guidelines for listing cybersecurity risks within the informed consent or for discussing them during the consent process. Providers are responsible for adhering to the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, both in medical practice generally and the informed consent process specifically. At present, the decision to include cybersecurity risks is mainly left to the provider's discretion, who may also have limited cyber risk information. Without effective and in-depth communication about all possible cybersecurity risks during the consent process, CIED patients can be left unaware of the privacy and physical risks they possess by carrying such a device. Therefore, cyber risk factors should be covered within the patients' informed consent and reviewed on an ongoing basis as new risk information becomes available. By including cyber risk information in the informed consent process, patients are given the autonomy to make the best-informed decision.

Social Media Use Training for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: A Pilot Study

Social Media Use Training for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: A Pilot Study

Cyber Hygiene and Cyber Victimization Among Limited English Proficiency (LEP) Internet Users: A Mixed-Method Study

ABSTRACT Information and resources on cybersecurity in non-English languages are non-existent or very limited. There is also a dearth of research on cyber victimization involving samples of limited English proficiency (LEP) individuals. We surveyed a convenience sample of LEP Internet users and examined the effects of demographic characteristics on cyber hygiene practices and cyber hygiene practices on cyber victimization. We also conducted focus groups to explore participants’ knowledge about cyber safety and their perceptions of the availability of cybersecurity information and resources in languages other than English. We found the demographic measures of age, sex, marital status, education level, and employment status to be significantly related to seven cyber hygiene practices (having antivirus software, using strong passwords, not sharing passwords, not using public Wi-Fi, not accepting stranger requests, checking e-mail source, and not downloading unverified files). We also found the cyber hygiene measures predicted eight types of cyber victimization (phishing, computer virus infection, online harassment and scams, and e-mail, social media, shopping, and other accounts hacking). From the focus groups, we uncovered that although the participants exhibited inadequate knowledge concerning the recommended cyber hygiene practices, they appeared to be motivated to adopt them. The policy implications of our study are discussed.

Формування культури безпеки майбутніх фахівців з цифрових технологій як наукова проблема

The article examines the current problem of forming a safety culture of future specialists in digital technologies studying in technical institutions of higher education. An analysis of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the study was carried out, in particular the terms: computer literacy, cyber literacy, Internet literacy, electronic literacy, information literacy, digital literacy, cyber safety. The latter term has been used by Western scholars who consider it in the context of the use of digital technologies and computers. Therefore, they understand cyber security as the formation of safe behavior in the online environment, based on the responsible use of the Internet and mobile technologies, as well as implemented measures that counteract possible risks. The use of the concept of digital literacy is proposed, as it includes not only the ability to use computer technologies, but also the ability to analyze information in the online environment, taking into account social, cultural, political and educational aspects in one's professional activity.
 The results obtained as a result of the analysis of psychological-pedagogical and methodical literature on the problem of forming a culture of safety in professional activity indicate that, despite certain achievements, this direction has not received conceptual clarity. Currently, even the term "safety culture of professional activity" does not have a scientifically based definition. Theoretical searches indicate the need to clarify its content and structure. In particular, for digital professionals, understanding and implementing a security culture becomes an integral part of their professional development. This involves not only technical skills, but also a deep understanding and internal adaptation of values and approaches that contribute to ensuring cyber security in the modern digital environment on the one hand, and on the other hand - compliance with the requirements for the organization of work in the process of professional activity.

Enhancing Cyber Supply Chain Security through Prophetic Analytics for Cyber Threats

The Cyber Provide series system a multifaceted system with a multiple subsystems carrying out distinct functions. The potential weaknesses and risks originating out of a segment and arrangement that will manipulated at some stage in the provide series. make supply chain security difficult As a result, it is critical for organizations to comprehend and assess the risks in order to implement the appropriate supply chain security management measures. Using machine learning (ML) techniques in conjunction with cyber threat intelligence (CTI), we have been able To examine and predict potential risks using the characteristics of CTI. This makes it possible to pinpoint the innate CSC vulnerabilities and implement the proper countermeasures for an overall increase in cyber security. In order to show the practicality of our method, we collect CTI data and use the Microsoft viruses forecast dataset to produce prophetic investigation using several machine learning (ML) algorithms, The test considers the pounce and TTP as capture variable, while the measures of compromise and vulnerabilities are considered as output parameters, incorporating Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine. KEY WORDS Cyber Supply Chain; Cyber warning surveillance; Predictive Analytics, Cyber Safety, Tactical Methods Process

The Problem with “Cyber Safety”: Calling for Technosocial Educational Responses to Technology-Facilitated Violence and Bullying

Background: International research has found that educational responses to technology-facilitated violence and bullying (TFVB) often fail to address the technosocial realities of young people’s integrated online/offline and virtual/physical lives. Analysis: This article undertakes a Canadian case study of Nova Scotia’s CyberScan unit to understand if similar shortcomings persist in Canadian educational responses. Conclusions and implications: Using the interdisciplinary theoretical framework of digital criminology, the article shows that CyberScan exemplifies a problematic “cyber safety” approach that fails to recognize and address the technosocial nature of TFVB, resulting in ineffective and disempowering educational messages.

Semiotic Analysis on Verbal and Visual Signs in Cyber Safety Poster

The title of this research is Semiotic Analysis on Verbal and Visual Signs in Cyber Safety Posters. There are two aims of this study. They were to find out the types of verbal and visual signs and describe the meaning and function of verbal and visual signs in cyber safety posters. In this study, a cyber safety poster was discussed. The poster won the golden prize in the 2013 Information Security Awareness Video & Poster Contest. The data were collected from the posters using documentative and note-taking techniques. After the data were collected, they were descriptively analysed based on the Semiotic theory proposed by Pierce (in Chandler, 2007) and the theory types of meaning and function proposed by Leech (1981). The data analysis was presented through formal and informal methods. The result of the analysis showed that verbal signs dominated the poster. Then, based on the Semiotic theory proposed by Pierce, three sign classifications were found in the data. They were 4 signs classified as Rhematic Indexical Sinsign, 2 signs were (Rhematic) Iconic Sinsign, and a sign categorised as Rhematic Symbol (ic Legisign). The result indicated that the cyber safety posters dominantly used Rhematic Indexical Sinsign, a sign based on real experience. Meanwhile, based on the theory types of meaning and function proposed by Leech (1981), the analysis showed that there were 4 conceptual and 3 connotative meanings, 4 informative and 3 directive functions. It meant that conceptual meaning and informative function were the dominant types used in the Cyber Safety poster. Keywords: Semiotics, Verbal, Visual, Sign, Poster

Application of Structural Equation Modelling to Cybersecurity Risk Analysis in the Era of Industry 4.0

In the current digital transformation to Industry 4.0, the demands on the ability of countries to react responsibly and effectively to threats in the field of cyber security (CS) are increasing. Cyber safety is one of the pillars and concepts of Industry 4.0, as digitization brings convergence and integration of information technologies (IT) and operational technologies (OT), IT/OT systems, and data. Collecting and connecting a large amount of data in smart factories and cities poses risks, in a broader context for the entire state. The authors focus attention on the issue of CS, where, despite all digitization, the human factor plays a key role—an actor of risk as well as strengthening the sustainability and resilience of CS. It is obvious that in accordance with how the individuals (decision-makers) perceive the risk, thus they subsequently evaluate the situation and countermeasures. Perceiving cyber threats/risks in their complexity as a part of hybrid threats (HT) helps decision-makers prevent and manage them. Due to the growing trend of HT, the need for research focused on the perception of threats by individuals and companies is increasing. Moreover, the literature review points out a lack of methodology and evaluation strategy. This study presents the results of the research aimed at the mathematical modelling of risk perception of threats to the state and industry through the disruption of CS. The authors provide the developed factor model of cyber security (FMCS), i.e., the model of CS threat risk perception. When creating the FMCS, the researchers applied SEM (structural equation modelling) and confirmatory factor analysis to the data obtained by the implementation of the research tool (a questionnaire designed by the authors). The pillars and sub-pillars of CS defined within the questionnaire enable quantification in the perception of the level of risk of CS as well as differentiation and comparison between the analyzed groups of respondents (students of considered universities in SK and CZ). The convergent and discriminant validity of the research instrument is verified, and its reliability is confirmed (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.95047). The influence of the individual pillars is demonstrated as significant at the significance level of α = 5%. For the entire research set N = 964, the highest share of risk perception of CS threats is achieved by the DISRIT pillar (disruption or reduction of the resistance of IT infrastructure).

A comprehensive review study of cyber terrorism and novel developments in the current scenario

The widely held of global trade and industry, profitable, traditional, communal, and administrative connections and actions—those of people, governments, and political organizations—now take place accessible. In recent years, cyber-attacks and the dangers of wireless message tools have become challenges for numerous viable enterprises and constitutional organizations all over the world. In contemporary culture, electronic technology is widely employed. Therefore, safeguarding sensitive data from cyber-attacks is a challenging task. Cyber-attacks may also be employed to further military or political objectives. These are a few effects of data distribution services (DDS), computer viruses, knowledge gaps, and other attack vectors. Numerous businesses have a variety of defenses against cyber-attacks. In real time, cyber security keeps up with the most recent information technology developments. Researchers from all around the world have put forth several strategies up until recently to inhibit cyber-attacks or diminution the destruction they reason. Although certain systems are presently in custom, others are quiet being investigated. The objective of this study is to analyses and carefully analyses the regular developments prepared in the zone of cyber safety as well as appearance into the challenges, benefits, and detriments of the proposed solutions. Furthermore, recent advances in cyber security, security problems, and threats are explored.

Primena teorije stavova za određivanje pristupa bezbednosti korisnika

Mobile phones and internet form a crucial part of modern life, which raises important questions, such as security, data protection and privacy. Countless studies examine what influences users' approaches towards security. The attitude theory gives the basic background to the present study through which the topics of cyber safety and security, data protection and privacy are examined. The three components of attitude, which served as the three pillars of the applied survey, are: (1) the cognitive component (belief and knowledge), (2) the affective component (feelings) and (3) the behavioural component (the effect of the attitude on the users' behaviour). Self-reported security knowledge and feelings about security were assessed, out of which three factors were formed using EFA. The security behaviour of each factor was examined to determine the consistency of the responses. Moreover, the three factors helped to identify three separate clusters. As a conclusion it can be stated that the theory of attitudes can help understanding user security behaviour better. Finally, future research directions are suggested.

Modified Of Evaluating Shallow And Deep Neural Networks For Network Intrusion Detection Systems In Cyber Security

Abstract—Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have developed into a crucial layer in all contemporary Information and Communication Technology (ICT) systems as a result of a demand for cyber safety in real-world situations. IDS advises integrating Deep Neural Networks (DNN) because, among other things, it might be challenging to identify certain types of assaults and advanced cyberattacks are complex (DNNs). DNNs were employed in this study to anticipate Network Intrusion Detection System attacks (N-IDS). The network has been trained and benchmarked using the KDDCup-'99 dataset, and a DNN with a learning rate of 0.001 is used, running for 10 epochs for using the activation model experiment and 8 epochs for using the TensorFlow experiment. Keywords—Intrusion detection system, deep neural networks, machine learning, deep learning

Impact of Blockchain-Digital Twin Technology on Precision Health, Pharmaceutical Industry, and Life Sciences: Conference Proceedings, Conv2X 2023.

The convergence of Digital Twin technologies with precision health, the pharmaceutical industry, and life sciences has garnered substantial recent attention. As we advance toward personalized medicine and precision health, the fusion of Digital Twin and blockchain technologies is poised to enhance healthcare outcomes fundamentally. This conference discussion highlighted pivotal drivers accelerating the adoption of Digital Twin-enabled blockchain solutions, encompassing the shift to a decentralized World Wide Web (Web 3.0), the establishment of a global interconnected health ecosystem, and the distinct advantages offered by converging frontier technologies in optimizing healthcare, pharmaceutical industry, and life sciences. Yet, the effective deployment of blockchain-powered Digital Twins in precision health necessitates robust cyber safety measures, proactive ethical frameworks, data validation, provenance assurance, streamlined supply chain management, and heightened interoperability. These proceedings underscored blockchain-powered Digital Twins' pivotal role in reshaping health data management, security, sharing, ownership, and monetization and in revolutionizing pharmaceutical supply chain management and novel drugs and therapeutics development within the precision health domain.

Cybersecurity, Safety, & Privacy Concerns of Student Support Structure for Information and Communication Technologies in Online Education

COVID-19 has created a dramatic paradigm shift in education methods, which forced schools and universities to abandon the usual in-person education in favor of online education modules. Such a shift has extended the time and use of internet communication technologies (ICTs) by most, making online education platforms primary cyberattack targets. In this context, this study aims to explore parents, educators, and other caregivers' concerns about online education and the cybersecurity of their children and students. Thus, we conducted a survey-based study with 983 participants recruited through popular crowdsourcing platforms: MTurk and Prolific. Our results indicate a lack of technical support following cyber safety that the students received with the sudden transition to online education. Over 31% of our participants claimed that they never or rarely receive any communication related to cyber safety from the students' educational institutions. Additionally, our analysis shows that the student support structure needs to be trained and informed on the threats faced by children online and on the ways to mitigate these threats. Finally, we find a statistically significant difference between parents, educators, and other caregivers regarding their perceptions of children's online privacy and cyber safety. We conclude this work by providing actionable recommendations to promote privacy-preserving and digitally secure online education.

Pattern of Internet Use and Knowledge and Practices in School Children

Study background AACCI - Association of Adolescent and Child Care in India conducts multicentric youth behaviour studies in India. The results are shared with the school and intervention programs are held. This paper analyses the pattern of internet use knowledge and practices in school children Abbreviations AACCI - _Association of Adolescent and Child Care in India Methods Cross sectional study. All children studying in class 6th to 10th (n=377) age range 11-16 yrs. -coed, elite, english medium school in North Delhi. Due permissions from parents and assent from participants taken. Ethical clearance was given by AACCI ethics committee Results n= 377 – Boys 66% (249) , girls 34% (128) . Majority i.e. 86.20% (325)) used internet and 29.2% (95) used for more than two hours a day. The favourite activities in 37.23% (121) were Internet games. 80% (259) had personal facebook account ;63.32% (164) have more than 100 facebook friends. Safety precautions analysis showed -a) majority i.e. 95% (246) believed that it is not right to post embarrassing personal information about self or friends. b) 21% (62) had facebook friends- not met in real life. c) Only 81% (239) students discuss internet experience with their parents; d) 47% (122) were not aware that information uploaded by them is tracked and stored and can be used by companies to make profits. e) Only 69% (203) used privacy settings and had detailed knowledge about cyber bullying. Conclusions Majority are not taking basic precautions like using privacy settings on the facebook. Since 34% (100) do not inform parents about their online activities, they are vulnerable to exploitation on the net and can also be tempted to go on inappropriate sites. We conducted a workshop in this school for students, parents and teachers on cyber safety and monitoring teen internet use. This is the need of the hour

Guidelines for Detecting Cyberbullying in Social Media Data Through Text Analysis

The intensive use of the internet comes with negative and positive effects. Cyberbullying is one of the negative effects of using the internet. Cyberbullying has a negative effect on the victims emotionally, academically, and psychologically. Cyberbullying detection tools can help in reducing or eliminating cyberbullying on social media platforms. The aim of the study was to identify the elements that drive cyberbullying and build classification models to determine whether social media textual information contains cyberbullying text or not. The research aim was achieved through a mixed methods research design, containing qualitative and quantitative elements. The drivers of cyberbullying were identified through a literature review. These included age, gender, family structure, parental education, race, technology, anonymity, academic achievement, and awareness of cyber safety. The support vector machines and naïve Bayes models were used to classify the text dataset (Formspring.me dataset), with a 72.81% and a 99.87% classification accuracy, respectively.

Correlating Decision Theory with Cyber Threat Intelligence: Novel Perspectives

An organization, with the help of cyber threat intelligence framework, can protect itself from the cyber threats. The stakeholder cyber safety is paramount and such intelligence frameworks help leveraging the business value of its intellectual properties. Events related to securing the cyber aspects of an organization are possible by connecting it with essential features of decision theory. Few assumptions are made pertaining to descriptive, prescriptive and normative decision theory which help in identification of cyber weakness and security loopholes of an organization. This study extracts novel viewpoints from the strongholds of decision theoretical models and propagates decisions on how to face the cyber-attacks.

Cyberbullying Victimization and Perpetration in South Korean Youth: Structural Equation Modeling and Latent Means Analysis

This study explores the relationship between cyberbullying perception, social support, internet use time, cybercrime victimization, and cybercrime perpetration for adolescents by using a nationally representative sample—the 2020 Cyber Violence Survey ( N = 4,958, Grades 4–12) in South Korea. Findings include: (1) higher perceptions of cybercrime correspond to a lower likelihood of cyberbullying victimization, (2) greater support from parents and friends decreases the likelihood of cyberbullying victimization and perceptions, (3) Internet usage time is linked to increased chances of experiencing cyberbullying, (4) a significant positive relationship exists between cyber victimization and perpetration, and (5) levels of school management are associated with student cyber safety. Mitigating victimization via early intervention/prevention programs at school were discussed.