Cyber Physical System Perspective Research Articles

A Cyber-Physical System Perspective on Large Signal Stability of DC Microgrid Clusters

A Cyber-Physical System Perspective on Large Signal Stability of DC Microgrid Clusters

Connected Autonomous Vehicle Control Strategy for Mandatory Lane-Changing At Intersection: A Cyber-Physical System Perspective

Connected Autonomous Vehicle Control Strategy for Mandatory Lane-Changing At Intersection: A Cyber-Physical System Perspective

A framework for the resilience analysis of complex natural gas pipeline networks from a cyber-physical system perspective

The vulnerability of gas pipeline networks to physical and cyber-attacks calls for a resilience analysis based on models, capable of quantifying the network robustness and recovery from failures.This work proposes an original resilience analysis framework for a complex gas pipeline transmission network, considering the cybernetic interdependence of the physical gas pipeline network with the SCADA system. The maximum flow algorithm computes the gas network supply capacity and when a failure occurs, the pressure of the network nodes and the gas supply capacity change, leading to dissatisfaction of customer demands. The framework allows quantifing the value of resilience through specific performance metrics.The SCADA communication network, implemented in Network Simulator®, provides the necessary information regarding the delay of data packets coming from the sensors located along the pipelines. The packet delay value allows to evaluate the actual time at which the SCADA system blocks the remote control valves, ready to keep the pipelines under pressure when a failure occurs.Important insights on the resilience model are obtained through a systematic sensitivity analysis (SA) framework, customized for gas pipeline transmission networks. Specifically, we investigate the influence of model inputs to the network robustness and recovery uncertainty. The effects of individual parameters and groups formed by inputs with similar functionalities provide useful information, such as to what extent the supervisory SCADA system interconnection affects the degradation and the recovery process of the physical gas pipeline network.The results of the case study confirm, as expected, that gas transmission networks are vulnerable to both cyber and physical failures, pointing at the need for systemic methods of analysis for managing the system resilience.

Energy management for hybrid energy storage system in electric vehicle: A cyber-physical system perspective

Adoption of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) brings a bright perspective to improve the total economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). This paper proposes a novel energy management method to improve the total economy of PHEV by exploiting the energy storage capability of HESS. Firstly, A cyber-physical energy management framework that enables the synergistic scheduling of fuel engine, battery, and supercapacitor is designed to derive the optimal power distribution strategy for PHEV with HESS. Then, an optimization-based energy management model is established to distribute the vehicle power requirement between the fuel engine and driving motor. The reduction of fuel cost and the mitigation of the battery aging phenomenon are designed as the optimization objectives. In a further stage, an online power distribution algorithm is designed for the optimal control of HESS, where the supercapacitor is used to prolong the battery life. The qualitative and quantitative analyses indicate that both the fuel economy and battery aging cost are sensitive to the power system topology and power distribution algorithm. With the proposed methods, the PHEV total economy can be improved by 8.9% and 6.9% compared to the conventional PHEV structure and power distribution strategy while guarantee the vehicle dynamic performance.

Integrated simulation platform for conventional, connected and automated driving: A design from cyber–physical systems perspective

A comprehensive assessment of connected and automated driving is imperative before its large-scale deployment in reality, which can be economically and effectively implemented via a credible simulation platform. Nonetheless, the key components of traffic dynamics, vehicle modeling, and traffic environment are oversimplified in existing simulators. Current traffic simulators normally simplify the function of connected and autonomous vehicles by proposing incremental improvements to the conventional traffic flow modeling methods, which cannot reflect the characteristics of the realistic connected and autonomous vehicles. On the other hand, typical autonomous vehicle simulators only focus on individual function verification in some specific traffic scenarios, omitting the network-level evaluation by integrating both large-scale traffic networks and vehicle-to-anything (V2X) communication. This paper designs a comprehensive simulation platform for conventional, connected and automated driving from a transportation cyber–physical system perspective, which tightly combines the core components of V2X communication, traffic networks, and autonomous/conventional vehicle model. Specifically, three popular open-source simulators SUMO, Omnet++, and Webots are integrated and connected via the traffic control interface, and the whole simulation platform will be deployed in a Client/Server model. As the demonstration, two typical applications, traffic flow optimization and vehicle eco-driving, are implemented in the simulation platform. The proposed platform provides an ideal and credible testbed to explore the potential social/economic impact of connected and automated driving from the individual level to the large-scale network level.

Smart grid wireless communications: a cyber-physical system perspective

Smart grid wireless communications: a cyber-physical system perspective

Smart grid wireless communications: a cyber-physical system perspective

It is widely accepted that wireless communications play an important role in smart grid. However, wireless communication usually lacks sufficient quality, security, and reliability that are critically demanded by power grid. Thus, it is indispensable to study the applicability of wireless communications for smart grid. In this paper, interactions between a wireless communication network and smart grid are characterised from the perspective of a cyber-physical system (CPS). Based on this CPS framework, integration of smart grid and wireless networks is categorised into two scenarios: loosely-coupled CPS and tightly-coupled CPS. The features of both scenarios are discussed and compared, which leads to clear guidelines on the design of a smart grid wireless communication system. To concretely demonstrate these guidelines, two examples are presented to show different roles of wireless communications in loosely-coupled CPS and tightly-coupled CPS. Following these examples, remaining research challenges and potential solutions are discussed.

Big data driven vehicle battery management method: A novel cyber-physical system perspective

The establishment of an accurate battery model is of great significance to improve the reliability of electric vehicles (EVs). However, the battery is a complex electrochemical system with hardly observable and simulatable internal chemical reactions, and it is challenging to estimate the state of battery accurately. This paper proposes a novel flexible and reliable battery management method based on the battery big data platform and Cyber-Physical System (CPS) technology. First of all, to integrate the battery big data resources in the cloud, a Cyber-physical battery management framework is defined and served as the basic data platform for battery modeling issues. And to improve the quality of the collected battery data in the database, this work reports the first attempt to develop an adaptive data cleaning method for the cloud battery management issue. Furthermore, a deep learning algorithm-based feature extraction model, as well as a feature-oriented battery modeling method, is developed to mitigate the under-fitting problem and improve the accuracy of the cloud-based battery model. The actual operation data of electric buses is used to validate the proposed methodologies. The maximum data restoring error can be limited within 1.3% in the experiments, which indicates that the proposed data cleaning method is able to improve the cloud battery data quality effectively. Meanwhile, the maximum SoC estimation error in the proposed feature-oriented battery modeling method is within 2.47%, which highlights the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Survey on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks: A Cyber Physical System Perspective

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks are playing an important role in various areas due to their agility and versatility, which have attracted significant attention from both the academia and industry in recent years. As an integration of the embedded systems with communication devices, computation capabilities and control modules, the UAV network could build a closed loop from data perceiving, information exchanging, decision making to the final execution, which tightly integrates the cyber processes into the physical devices. Therefore, the UAV network could be considered as a cyber physical system (CPS). Revealing the coupling effects among the three interacted components in this CPS system, i.e., communication, computation and control, is envisioned as the key to properly utilize all the available resources and hence improve the performance of the UAV networks. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on the UAV networks from a CPS perspective. Firstly, we respectively research the basics and advances with respect to the three CPS components in the UAV networks. Then we look inside to investigate how these components contribute to the system performance by classifying the UAV networks into three hierarchies, i.e., the cell level, the system level, and the system of system level. Further, the coupling effects among these CPS components are explicitly illustrated, which could be enlightening to deal with the challenges in each individual aspect. New research directions and open issues are discussed at the end of this survey. With this intensive literature review, we try to provide a novel insight into the state-of-the-art in the UAV networks.

Cyber physical system perspective for smart water management in a campus

Cyber physical system perspective for smart water management in a campus

Data Transmission Unit and Web server Interaction to Monitor Water Distribution: A Cyber-Physical System Perspective

Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is the concept of converging physical devices with cyber systems, CPS shares environmental information globally and improves resource utilization. The major aim of our work is to use the CPS technology to overcome improper handling and care of water supply infrastructure. Our experimental water pipileing infrastructure test bed set up at National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal (NITK), India includes analysis of water distribution in three storage tanks using minimal wireless communication technology. This requires monitoring and wireless networking of the monitored data. In order to obtain water usage of each storage tanks, we have proposed low cost customization of water pipeline infrastructure. Monitoring unit (MU) includes 865-867Mhz RF module. In this paper, we deal with the networking part of CPS to perform water monitoring distribution in each storage tanks. Networking of CPS includes communication between Data transfer unit (DTU) and Aggregator unit (AU) used in the MU and also communication between DTU and web server unit (WS). Communication between DTU and AU involves analyzing the amount of water flow in the Inlet and Outlet of storage tanks in the campus. The WS unit contains resultant data of water usage in each storage tanks. The extensive group of resultant data sets of water usage, obtained in each storage tanks, gives importance to data analytics. Initially, we came up with a small-scale experimental set up at NITK campus; which is then extended to large scale area. The waterflow rate graphs show average daily and monthly usage of water of each storage tank.

A model prediction control based framework for optimization of signaled intersection: A cyber-physical perspective

New information technology paradigms like vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication are applied to improve traffic operations at an intersection, as a typical cyber-physical system which enable an efficient traffic state estimation and traffic control. In this paper, we try to investigate the optimization of signaled intersection from the cyber-physical system perspective. Specifically, physical system properties be considered in cyber space, then we propose a model prediction control based framework for optimization of vehicle in vicinity of intersection. Under this framework, variable speed limit method based control strategy for individual vehicle is introduced, and a cost function reflecting fuel consumption and traffic efficiency is proposed as a case study. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.

Aggregation and Charging Control of PHEVs in Smart Grid: A Cyber–Physical Perspective

Modern smart grid, as a typical cyber–physical system (CPS), allows plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) to be a promising candidate for grid services. In this paper, by following the CPS design approach, we propose a novel framework for the local aggregator to estimate the charging status and solve for the charging control signals for PHEVs. The physical battery charging is executed by charging stalls, where charging information is processed in the embedded system and only the generated index information is transmitted to the aggregator via Internet. An aggregation model is developed for the entire cyberspace to inherently guarantee heterogeneous charging requirements, i.e., deadlines for charging. Furthermore, we develop a nonlinear model-predictive control (NMPC) scheme for the overnight valley-filling service. Both the aggregation model and control strategy are designed based on the PHEV population migration probabilities. From the CPS perspective, both the cyber and physical loads of this novel framework are extremely low. As part of this paper, we present a case study to verify the proposed approaches.

An Adaptive Approach for Multi-Agent Formation Control in MANET Based on CPS Perspective

From Cyber Physical System (CPS) perspective, it is nature for the system to tightly couple the communications and computing aspects with its physical dynamics. In this paper, we investigate this characteristic for multi-agent formation control in Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). We manage to measure the real time wireless network congestion, implement a wireless QoS mechanism to provide different network channel access priorities and come up with the emergency calculation. Based on these, we present our adaptive approach for formation control. To examine the benefit of our approach, we use a co-simulation tool that we have developed for evaluating networked control & cyber physical system to study a specific scenario, in which five follower agents plus one leader perform a specific formation within a MANET with different congestion conditions. Through simulation experiments, it is showed that our approach could adaptively adjust sample periods and network channel access priorities according to real time dynamics emergencies and the network traffics condition, so as to optimize network utilization and improve the formation control performance