Cyber Defense Research Articles

AI in Cyber Defense: Tools and Techniques for Network Security

AI in Cyber Defense: Tools and Techniques for Network Security

Revolutionizing Cybersecurity with AI: Predictive Threat Intelligence and Automated Response Systems

The sophistication and breadth of cyber threats are continuously expanding, making it more difficult for traditional security measures to keep up. Artificial intelligence is revolutionizing cybersecurity by equipping businesses to proactively counter threats with automated reaction systems and predictive threat intelligence. Data analytics, behavioral analysis, and machine learning enable AI-powered systems to anticipate cyber assaults, enabling more efficient and rapid threat detection. By automating reaction mechanisms and mitigating threats in real-time, AI systems can minimize human error and maximize damage mitigation. AI techniques, such as anomaly detection, predictive modeling, and real-time threat analysis; data privacy, ethics, and the risks of hostile attacks are among the subjects covered, as are the benefits and drawbacks of utilizing AI in cybersecurity. This article provides the framework for future intelligent, automated cyber defense methods and illustrates how AI may alter cybersecurity using real-life examples and case studies.

Securing the Future: The Impact of AI on Cybersecurity and Economic Stability in the Banking Industry

People are unable to handle the volume of data and the complexity of processes required to secure cyberspace without significant automation. However, software and technologies with conventional fixed implementations are challenging to construct in order to effectively protect against security risks. AI learning techniques and machine simplicity can be used to treat this issue. And when we talk about cybersecurity in banking industry then these industries are trying to adopt artificial intelligence to develop a cyber defence system that would reduce unwanted access and cyberattacks. and how cybersecurity contributes to long-term economic growth. Meanwhile, there is a significant technological disruption taking place in the financial sector. It becomes crucial to comprehend the effects of Artificial intelligence (AI) and other technologies on the cybersecurity of banks.

Education in Cybersecurity – A Case Study

The inclusion of soft skills linked to Cybersecurity and cyber defense in the academic curricula of higher education courses is a very current issue. Several studies have been carried out in this regard, given the increasing importance of creating awareness about good practices in accessing computer networks, particularly the Internet. These studies primarily consist of recommendations on building the curricula of such courses, guiding the correct ways to do this. Our approach here is from the perspective of the students who may be the target of these cybersecurity skills. In this sense, we are developing a study in a Portuguese higher education institution to understand what higher education students think about this issue and their perception of the need for training in the area. We will ask students from various areas of education about this topic. We will then present an extended study when the preliminary results of a pilot test study are completed and shown. We questioned 423 students from the Informatics Engineering Degree course and analyzed the data obtained in the survey. Since then, this analysis of the data obtained in this study allows us to conclude that the students who participated in this study are very aware of issues related to cyber security and the need to be taught at least the fundamental concepts of cyber hygiene and cyber protection to all to all higher education students. In addition to this first conclusion, most of these students are concerned about the causes and consequences of cyber-attacks and the lack of knowledge that most people have about this problem.

ВЗАЄМОЗВ’ЯЗОК КІБЕРБЕЗПЕКИ ТА ІННОВАЦІЙНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ КРАЇНИ ПІД ЧАС ТРАНСФЕРУ ТА ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙ

The article is devoted to the investigation of the relationship between innovation and cyber security in the context of forecasting and reducing risks related to cyber security during the implementation of innovations. The purpose of the study is to confirm and model the interconnection between the levels of innovation development and cyber security of the country. The work describes the concept of innovation risk and the importance of cyber security in the modern world as one of the important factors in overcoming innovation risks. The current state of cyber security was analysed based on various indices, and the impact of cyber threats on innovation processes was investigated based on a sample from 26 countries of the world. This made it possible to identify leaders and outsiders in this field, as well as trends in the development of cyber security in dynamics. It is well-founded that cyber security is a key factor for the development and implementation of innovations. To confirm the existing relationship between cyber security and innovation, the multiple correlation coefficient was calculated, and an econometric model was built using the built-in functions of MS Excel (the estimation of the model parameters was carried out using the method of least squares using the built-in "Data Analysis" package of the MS spreadsheet editor Excel for a multivariable linear model). The significance of the model was confirmed by the coefficient of determination, Fisher's test, and the level of significance of the p-value. The results of the study can be used to develop effective cyber defence strategies and contribute to the stable development of technologies in the face of growing cyber threats.

Modelling of Cyber Attack Detection and Response System for 5G Network Using Machine Learning Technique

The rapid increase in the adoption of 5G networks has revolutionized communication technologies, enabling high-speed data transmission and connectivity across various domains. However, the advent of 5G technology comes with an increased risk of cyber-attacks and security breaches, necessitating the development of robust defence mechanisms to safeguard network infrastructure and mitigate potential threats. The work presents a novel approach for modelling a cyber-attack response system tailored specifically for 5G networks, leveraging machine learning techniques to enhance threat detection and response capabilities. The study introduced innovative methodologies, including the integration of standard backpropagation and dropout regularization technique. Furthermore, an intelligent cyber threat classification model that proactively detects and mitigates malware threats in 5G networks was developed. Additionally, a comprehensive cyber-attack response model designed to isolate threats from the network infrastructure and mitigate potential security risks was formulated. The result of testing the response algorithm with simulation, and considering quality of service such as throughput, latency and packet loss, showed 80.05%, 24.9ms and 4.09% respectively. During system integration of the model on 5G network with stimulated malware, the throughput reported 71.81%. Also, packet loss reported loss rate of 23.18%, while latency reported 178.98ms. Our findings contribute to the advancement of cybersecurity in 5G environments and lay the foundation for the development of robust cyber defence systems to safeguard critical network infrastructure against emerging threats.

Secured fog-based vehicular crowd-sensing protocol by Modified Attribute based Encryption Model

The contemporary fog computing paradigm evolved from traditional cloud computing to give storage and computation resources at the network’s edge. Fog enabled vehicular processing is anticipated to be a fundamental component that may expedite a variety of applications, notably crowd-sensing, when applied to vehicular networks. As a result, the confidentiality and safety of vehicles participating in the crowd-sensing platform are now recognized as critical challenges for smart police and cyber defence. Furthermore, sophisticated access control is essential to meet the requirements of crowd-sensing users of information. This work presents a novel secured fog-based protocol for vehicular crowd sensing utilizing an attribute-based encryption model. The proposed framework incorporates a two-layered fog architecture termed fog layer A and fog layer B. Fog layer A includes data owners (vehicles) and fog nodes, while fog layer B consists of fog nodes integrated with Road Side Units (RSUs). The Transport Triggered Architecture (TTA) governs the retrieval of regular or specialized data as per the request of data users. The data collection procedure varies based on the type of data being processed. Regular data is gathered from data owners, aggregated using the Multiple Kernel Induced in Kernel Least Mean Square (MKI-KLMS) technique, which employs kernel least mean square and hierarchical fractional bidirectional least mean square methods to handle redundancy in data aggregation. Subsequently, the aggregated data is encrypted using the Proposed Fusion Key for Encryption (PFKE) technique, which employs a fusion key for message encryption. Additionally, an enhanced Blowfish algorithm is applied for an extra layer of encryption on the already encrypted data. The encrypted data is then transmitted to the TTA. The decryption process utilizes the same key to retrieve the original message. The Modified Attribute based Encryption Model (MAEM) scheme achieves the highest efficiency of 90.9476.

The Evolution of China's Cyber-Espionage Tactics: From Traditional Espionage to AI-Driven Cyber Threats against Critical Infrastructure in the West

Purpose: This article critically investigates the evolution of China’s cyber-espionage strategies, specifically illustrating the shift from traditional espionage methodologies to the incorporation of advanced technologies, particularly artificial intelligence (AI). This transition profoundly reshapes global power dynamics, delineating nuanced threats to critical infrastructure in Western nations, including power grids, financial systems, and communication networks (Wang et al., 2019). Materials and Methods: Utilizing a theoretical framework grounded in Joseph Nye's concept of soft power and contemporary security studies, this research posits a hypothesis: there exists a positive correlation between technological advancements and the escalation of espionage activities by state actors. The inquiry encompasses a comprehensive analysis of key components, such as vulnerabilities, adaptive strategies, geopolitical implications, deterrence mechanisms, and international collaboration, thereby illuminating the multifaceted risks to national security inherent in the digital age (Nye, 2004). Findings: The study critically evaluates the countermeasures undertaken by Western countries, probing strategic enhancements of cyber defences and the formation of international coalitions aimed at collective security (Huang et al., 2021). The findings reveal substantial obstacles in achieving a cohesive and effective response to the rapidly escalating and pervasive nature of contemporary cyber threats (Zhang et al., 2020). Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Considering the ongoing maturation of China’s cyber capabilities, characterized by an increased reliance on AI and the impending advent of quantum computing, the article advocates for a comprehensive revaluation of global security practices (Mann et al., 2020). It underscores the imperative for Western nations to not only innovate defensively but to also adopt proactive measures and foster significant international collaboration. This multifaceted approach is essential to address the complex challenges posed by state-sponsored cyber operations within an increasingly interconnected global landscape (Chen et al., 2021).

Towards the autonomous defence capabilities of the European Union: Upgrading cyber defence policy

Towards the autonomous defence capabilities of the European Union: Upgrading cyber defence policy

CryptoGenSec: A Hybrid Generative AI Algorithm for Dynamic Cryptographic Cyber Defence

As the world of cybersecurity constantly changes, traditional cryptographic techniques have faced limitations in the context of today's sophisticated and dynamic threats. Existing protections usually adopt static algorithms and key structures, making it difficult for them to resist the categories of modern attacks. This research paper, therefore, presents CryptoGenSec, a brand-new generative AI algorithm based on a hybrid consisting of generative adversarial networks (GANs) on reconnaissance learning (RL), for the purpose of increasing cryptographic cyber defences. CryptoGenSec applies a GAN to simulate various types of attack scenarios in cyberspace to perceive possible vulnerabilities. Then, RL refines the response strategies of our algorithm through recursive learning from the above simulations in real time and realizes the dynamic adaptation and evolution of defense mechanisms. By assessing the results of CryptoGenSec’s performance when traditional security methods are used as baselines, we can use several metrics for evaluation, such as detection accuracy, response time, resilience and evolution ability. According to these findings, the superiority of CryptoGenSec over conventional mechanisms becomes evident. To be more specific, it even shows an overwhelming edge in terms of threat detection, resulting in a 20% increase in speed of response, a 30% decrease in speed of response, and resisting power, making it 25% harder than the other methods. Moreover, it has a greater possibility of eliminating false-positive effects, which usually come from new and even dawned jeopardy: 50%. Moreover, to highlight the making-a-fortune frauds in the zero-day world, a comparison of the cohorts makes CryptoGenSec a 40% upper step. Stopping attackers from taking away all their data is also its plus point, which gains 95% achievement, whereas using mere methods only results in a 70% possibility. An enormous step in cybersecurity was taken with the combination of GANs and RL within the CryptoGenSec algorithm. Instead of being defenceless against all attacks, this approach changes and matches the threat level when necessary. The highly promising results presented here demonstrate its potential as a crucial technology for addressing the growing complexities of cyber challenges. This is a large step toward making defensive mechanisms more efficient and reliable.

Proactively Defending Enterprise Computer Systems Against Threats and Vulnerabilities

Cybersecurity remains a critical concern, even amidst global events like the COVID-19 pandemic. The rise of COVID-19 has deepened cybersecurity threats, with phishing emails and phone scams attempting to exploit the situation. This paper focuses on proactive strategies to protect enterprise environments against threats and vulnerabilities, specifically in Windows-based systems. Tracing threats and vulnerabilities to their source aims to address them in their early stages rather than after an attack has occurred. This research tackles three prevalent issues: phishing emails, vulnerability patching, and industrial internet-connected devices. Through analyzing various cyber defense models and vulnerability databases, this paper proposes frameworks to mitigate these issues effectively. The study includes a detailed examination of sources of threats and vulnerabilities, aiming to develop methodologies for practical implementation. Ultimately, the goal is to summarize best practices to enhance tool utilization and process improvement and propose new proactive defense methods. The research emphasizes the shift from reactive to proactive defense strategies to better protect enterprise networks.

Plans to Improve the Acquisition of Defense Cyber Experts

Plans to Improve the Acquisition of Defense Cyber Experts

The Crucial Role of Red Teaming: Strengthening Indonesia's Cyber Defenses Through Cybersecurity Drill Tests

The Crucial Role of Red Teaming: Strengthening Indonesia's Cyber Defenses Through Cybersecurity Drill Tests

India’s Framework for Cyber Security since 2014 and its Significance for Armed Forces

The character of warfare changes with the change in its nature. In the last two decades, cyberattacks have expanded in their dimensions with the advent of digital networking in the military sector. Cyber security occupies a significant position in the Indian armed forces because of the increasing threat of cyberattacks from hostile neighbouring countries, particularly China and Pakistan. Cyber threat undermines military preparedness and warfighting capabilities by infiltrating critical weapon systems, vital infrastructure, crucial communication networks, and Intelligence, Surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) systems. India is now concentrating on framing its cyber security policy to mitigate the cyber threat and enhance the cyber capabilities of its armed forces. With its cyber security policy, India aspires to make digital armed forces. The present research article will focus on the efforts the Indian government has taken since 2014 to neutralize cyberattacks and the policies it has framed to ensure cyber security. The article will also analyze the significance of the government efforts on the armed forces in the direction of defensive cyber policy.

Cyber Defense Using Cyber Threat Intelligence to Anticipate and Avoid Future Cyber Attacks

Research objective: This study evaluates the efficiency of cyber threat intelligence (CTI) for predicting and mitigating cyber threats, which is important in business today. Organisations endure cyber assaults and fight cyber crimes, which threaten commercial exposure. CTI is a proactive approach to these risks since it gives the finest methods and relevant information on potential cyber crimes. Research significance: This review article analyses the literature in the context to find gaps and include ethical research practices. This systematic study may determine how threat intelligence improves cyber security knowledge and eliminates cyber threats by examining assessable information. It may guide the development of new threat intelligence-influencing methods and frameworks. Methodology: Through a qualitative approach based on the systematic review, the study goals were evaluated, analysed, and explained. PRISMA chart was also used to describe exclusion and inclusion study criteria to ensure correct data gathering. The results were presented in a thematic analysis while examining article dependability, quality, and validity. The author used inductive research to reach the primary study conclusions. Using observations or data, inductive inquiry creates hypotheses or generalisations. Research findings: Threat intelligence may considerably increase an organisation's ability to anticipate and prevent cyber threats. The literature emphasised that threat information improves incident response, identifies new threats, and strengthens cyber security. Organisations should continually train and educate cyber security personnel to increase threat intelligence utilisation. Instruct incident response, threat intelligence analysis, and emerging threat trends.CTI helps a company grow smoothly and achieve its goals.

Hardening Norms and Networks: Europe’s Cyber Defence Posture

Hardening Norms and Networks: Europe’s Cyber Defence Posture

Enhancing Cyber Defense: A Comprehensive Study of DNS Security

Enhancing Cyber Defense: A Comprehensive Study of DNS Security

Rising sun in the cyber domain: Japan’s strategic shift toward active cyber defense

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of Japan’s evolving cyber defense capabilities and explores its future challenges. National security has transformed in the twenty first century, with cyberspace becoming a key conflict domain. Japan, like other nations, has adapted to these changes. In 2022, the Japanese government introduced its active cyber defense concept. The National Security Strategy of 2022 stated the government’s posture for active cyber defense, which pre-emptively neutralizes adversary computers. This marked a turning point in Japan’s security and defense. This strategic shift, which occurred notably between 2000 and 2022, exemplifies Japan’s transition in the cyber domain. The scope of protecting cyberspace has evolved from primarily safeguarding civilian infrastructure to adopting proactive measures. This evolution is analyzed in the paper, which contrasts Japan’s approach with Western nations’ military-driven cyber policies. Additionally, the multifaceted challenges and opportunities arising from this paradigm shift in cyber capability development are explored. The analysis encompasses key aspects, including the policy formation, international cooperation, budgetary allocations, and the progress of organizational structures regarding the cyber domain. Furthermore, the study explores Japan’s future trajectory in cyber defense, with a particular focus on its role within the ‘Multi-Domain Defense Force’ and the dynamics of the Japan-US alliance.

Towards Diagnosing and Mitigating Behavioral Cyber Risks

A company’s cyber defenses are based on a secure infrastructure and risk-aware behavior by employees. With rising cyber threats and normative training efforts showing limited impact, raising cyber risk awareness is emerging as a challenging effort. The review of the extant literature on awareness diagnosis shows interdisciplinary but mainly theoretical approaches to understanding attitudes and influencing risk behavior. We propose and test a novel methodology to combine and operationalize two tools, deep metaphor interviews and the IDEA risk communication model, to apply them for the first time in the context of behavioral cyber vulnerabilities. The results show a link between diagnosed attitudes and effective risk behavior in a real-life organizational setting, indicating the potential for an expanded diagnostic effort. We propose to develop a broader diagnostic and intervention set to improve cyber awareness and a toolkit to support the business practice of cyber risk management.

Cyber Security Threats to Iran and its Countermeasures: Defensive and Offensive Cyber Strategies

Iran's convoluted geopolitical status, its centrality to locale-specific wars, plus the shifting balance of the global order make cyber security a key issue worldwide in addition to traditional security challenges. Iran is an appealing target for cyber enemies due to its numerous security vulnerabilities, which include ransomware infection, scams, as well as complicated malware. Iran has taken a flexible stance, via collaboration, authorized, and intellectual tactics to counter these concerns. Forming cyber security teams, utilizing the latest innovations, and hiring competent employees are all examples of efforts in cyber defense. Legislative structures are essential for bringing criminals before the law and discouraging unlawful behaviour, but the dynamic nature of cyber threats makes it difficult to update rules. The goal is to keep information security and safety measures under check. The identification and mitigation of cyber dangers necessitate collaboration with various nations, global organizations, and corporations. Iran's cyberspace involvement shapes societal sentiment and upholds the will of the people, with both advantageous and hazardous repercussions. To bolster its application and balance its powerful adversaries, it employs cyber assaults in conjunction with conventional asymmetrical combat strategies. What is Iran's main cyber security concerns and challenges, and how is Iran addressing as well as tackling them, is the question that this study aims to answer.