Cyan, Magenta, Yellow And Black Research Articles

별색 인쇄 시스템에서 인쇄 출력물의 반사율 예측을 위한 심층 신경망 지도학습 모형 구현 - 현업 별색 인쇄 시스템의 데이터 수집 및 가공을 기반으로

Demands on the spot color printing, which uses not only CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and blacK) but also several special inks, increase rapidly in the printing industries. Therefore, the quality of printed output and the efficient usage of various ink colors have to be improved in the competitive printing market. However, the spot color printing system usually depends on the experiences of the skilled workers for the elaborate output, and it would cause lots of manufacturing time, cost, and/or quality gap of prints. Therefore, we suggest a deep neural network model based on the datasets from the real-world printing system. The input data set consists of various characteristics of primary color inks and papers used to print, and the output data set is reflexibility of the products. Total 31 ranges of visible light are used to measure the reflexibility, and those values are converted into the standard color coordinate, CIELAB. The neural network model is tested on all the primary color space, and the average difference between the real CIELAB value and the predicted value is less than the 8.13, which means that the difference cannot be identified by untrained people. Further researches based on the controlled date aggregation using better spectroscopes would be essential to apply the suggested model to the real-world printing systems.

Pigment mixing effect realized with pre-dyed opaque yarns for Jacquard textile design development

In modern Jacquard weaving, the application of yarn color variety is limited to electronic Jacquard machinery and realizing a wide scope of weave colors can be challenging. Therefore, when reproducing a pictorial image with a small yarn variety, artwork colors are defined by a CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) system and its primary color data are used to associate with weave structures. In alignment with a CMYK pattern layout, shaded weave structures are incorporated to expand the accessible gamut of weave colors and natural shading is realized by different cover factors in the warp and weft. The mixing effect of CMYK yarns is intended for resolving the technical limitations of current digital Jacquard weaving. In this study, quantitative research is designed to examine four yarn mixing effects for which pairs of CMYK yarns are superimposed (e.g., [C]+[M], [C]+[Y], [M]+[Y], [C]+[K], [M]+[K], [Y]+[K]) and 90 different weave colors are produced in six groups. Once they are formatted in a standardized size, weave samples are measured by a spectrophotometer and analyzed by three coordinates ( L*, a*, and b*) of a CIELAB color system. As shown by the analysis results, the weave colors bear not only varied brightness, hue, and chroma alternations, but also a great similarity to the pigment mixing effect. In application of the color mixing effect, a new way of woven color presentation is achieved and introduced as a new development of Jacquard design.

Process color watermarking: the use of visual masking and dot gain correction

Subtractive-Color-Reproduction is the fundamental mechanism in 4-color process printing, which employs CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow and black) dots for color reproduction. Watermarks embedded in RGB images are distorted when the image is transformed from what to process color for printing usage. Based on the feature of CMYK color space and human visual system, this paper presents a robust CMYK watermarking algorithm for printing images, which embeds an informative watermark and a structure template signal in DCT domain of the Yellow information channel and DFT domain of the black information channel respectively. The embedded template enables robustness against geometric distortions in the print-scanning process. Another spatial visual mask is proposed to reshape the embedded energy after it is inverted to the spatial domain, which significantly improves the color fidelity and the image quality. In addition, a dot gain compensation model is put forward for color correction. A series of proof tests have been carried out on an offset press, which show that the watermark preserves the fidelity of the image and can be extracted with a high quality; moreover, a remarkable fidelity of color and tones on printed copies is well preserved.

Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides with Colorimetry and Computer Image Analysis.

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) represent a very important class of pesticides that are widely used in agriculture because of their relatively high-performance and moderate environmental persistence, hence the sensitive and specific detection of OPs is highly significant. Based on the inhibitory effect of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) induced by inhibitors, including OPs and carbamates, a colorimetric analysis was used for detection of OPs with computer image analysis of color density in CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow and black) color space and non-linear modeling. The results showed that there was a gradually weakened trend of yellow intensity with the increase of the concentration of dichlorvos. The quantitative analysis of dichlorvos was achieved by Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling, and the results showed that the established model had a good predictive ability between training sets and predictive sets. Real cabbage samples containing dichlorvos were detected by colorimetry and gas chromatography (GC), respectively. The results showed that there was no significant difference between colorimetry and GC (P > 0.05). The experiments of accuracy, precision and repeatability revealed good performance for detection of OPs. AChE can also be inhibited by carbamates, and therefore this method has potential applications in real samples for OPs and carbamates because of high selectivity and sensitivity.

Enhanced structural color generation in aluminum metamaterials coated with a thin polymer layer.

A high-resolution and angle-insensitive structural color generation platform is demonstrated based on triple-layer aluminum-silica-aluminum metamaterials supporting surface plasmon resonances tunable across the entire visible spectrum. The color performances of the fabricated aluminum metamaterials can be strongly enhanced by coating a thin transparent polymer layer on top. The results show that the presence of the polymer layer induces a better impedance matching for the plasmonic resonances to the free space so that strong light absorption can be obtained, leading to the generation of pure colors in cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK) with high color saturation.

The color properties of a reflective CMYK module using polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC)

AbstractA reflective CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) module using polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) is investigated for multi‐color reflective display. Combined with the electro‐optical properties and visible spectral reflectivity of PDLC films, the color properties of the reflective CMYK module were evaluated in terms of the Uniform Color Space‐CIE 1976 L*a*b*. It is found that the blue light reflectivity of the PDLC films is lower than green light and red light reflectivity. With the increase of the voltage applied on PDLC, the color lightness of the CMYK module generally decreases, while the color saturation increases. When the voltage changed from 0 to 70 V with a 5‐V change amplitude, modules C, M, Y, and K severally exhibit at least five, six, three, and seven colors.

Effect of Perioperative Hyperbaric Oxygen on Bruising in Face-lifts

Effect of Perioperative Hyperbaric Oxygen on Bruising in Face-lifts

ColorBrewer in Print: A Catalog of Color Schemes for Maps

ColorBrewer is a tool that assists mapmakers in choosing and creating color schemes. It is available online at <www.ColorBrewer.org>. The color schemes range from 3 to 12 classes and are organized into three basic categories: sequential, diverging, and qualitative. Each of these scheme types has general perceptual characteristics which are described using Munsell hue, value, and chroma specifications. Each scheme has been proofed from color-separated negatives and adjusted to offer CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) specifications that produce a readable map when they are used in process-printed publications. This paper offers a printed catalog of all of the ColorBrewer schemes to allow mapmakers to evaluate the appearance of each scheme before they commit to using them in print publications. Since process-color proofing is expensive, this catalog will reduce mapmakers' costs and allow them to be more confident that their maps will make the transition from the desktop computing environment to publication without compromising the intended message through poor color specification.

An Exploration of the Pantone&amp;#xAE; Hexachrome&amp;#x2122; Six-Color System Reproduced by Stochastic Screens

The Pantone&#xAE; Hexachrome&#x2122; color mixing system is a Hi Fi device-dependent space consisting of five chromatic colors and one achromatic color. These six primaries produce a larger gamut of colors than those available from the cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK) device-dependent space of conventional printer's inks. Most images produced by scanners originate in red, green, and blue (RGB) video device space before transformation to Hexachrome space. The Hexachrome color system is described in relation to a typical CMYK device-dependent space and RGB video space. In general the Hexachrome system, like most device&#x2014;dependent spaces, is non-linear and device dependent.The reproduction of Hexachrome colors using Ice-fields&#xAE; stochastic screens is press-tested and an analysis is made. There are inherent reproduction differences between conventional halftone screens and stochastic screens. This paper assumes that the capability of stochastic screens to improve CMYK reproduction also improves Hi Fi reproduction. A description of the advantages of stochastic reproduction of the Hexachrome Hi Fi color system is given.

Smooth colorimetric calibration technique utilizing the entire color gamut of CMYK printers

To achieve an ideal colorimetric calibration for CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black) printers, we propose a novel CMYK determination technique under the restrictions of a colorimetric match, use of the entire color gamut, and a smooth gradation of each primary color. The algorithm proposed here includes the following steps: (1) obtain the two extreme conditions for CMYK combinations to be able to utilize the entire CMYK gamut, namely maximum black technique and minimum black technique; (2) determine an initial black amount that lies between the two conditions; (3) apply a smoothing technique for the black amount; and (4) determine the remaining colors, CMY, for colorimetric match. An iterative smoothing technique in a uniform color space is introduced to obtain visually "smoothed" black gradations. The gradation quallty for each primary color is evaluated with a hypothetical unstable printer. The smoothed CMYK technique eliminates sudden changes for each primary color, so that a printer using this technique becomes robust against a change of characteristic curves of the printer such as dot gain. Also, it is found that a CMYK combination using the technique is suitable for a lookup table and interpolation technique in practical conversions.