The effect of kidney transplantation on endothelial dysfunction and autonomic dysfunction in uremia remains controversial, and few studies have evaluated this question. Endothelial dysfunction and autonomic dysfunction, both, can be assessed non-invasively using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). This study evaluated cutaneous microvascular blood flow and reactivity using LDF in patients undergoing kidney transplantation. This prospective longitudinal cohort study involved forty patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing kidney transplantation, compared with 40 patients without kidney disease. Using a laser Doppler flowmetry, post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) [resting flow, peak flow, ratio between peak and resting flow, hyperemic area, PORH index] and sympathetic constrictor response to inspiratory breath-hold [mean minimum inspiratory values] were evaluated. Resting flow (RF) and sympathetic constrictor response to inspiratory breath-hold (mean minimum inspiratory values), were lower in the CKD group at one week and three months after transplantation (p<0.005). Mean minimum inspiratory values increase in the CDK group, three months after transplantation. Compared with controls with no CKD, in CKD patients undergoing kidney transplantation, microcirculation by laser Doppler flowmetry shows improvement after three months.