Custard Apple Seeds Research Articles

Experimental analysis of tubular solar still with custard apple seeds a bio-waste material: An energy, exergy, economic, environmental and sustainability analysis

Solar desalination is emerging as a sustainable solution for addressing water scarcity and the lack of access to fresh drinking water in various regions worldwide. This experimental study has employed custard apple seeds (CAS) a biowaste substance in Tubular Solar Still (TSS) to attain maximum water yield, and improved energy and exergy efficiency, thereby addressing water scarcity issues. Furthermore, the research examines the economic feasibility, environmental impact, and sustainability of utilizing CAS biowaste medium in the TSS. Two separate TSS were used in the experimental work in which one TSS is provided with CAS, which is named as Enhanced Tubular Solar Still (ETSS). The other TSS is utilized without inclusion of biowaste substance and is named as Normal Tubular Solar Still (NTSS). The results indicated that ETSS system, using 600 g of CAS, has a water yield of 3.73 kg/m2/day while for NTSS without any biowaste materials, the yield is obtained as 2.45 kg/m2/day. The ETSS model demonstrates a significant improvement of 52.51 % compared to the NTSS model. Additionally, the thermal and exergy efficiencies of ETSS are achieved as 38.22 % and 1.96 %, respectively, whereas for NTSS, both are evaluated to be 23.78 % and 1.04 %, respectively. The energy and exergy efficiencies for ETSS show enhancements of 60.69 % and 87.37 % in comparison to the NTSS system. Moreover, economic investigation reveals that the Cost Per Liter (CPL) for NTSS and ETSS models is $0.024/L and $0.016/L, respectively, indicating a 33.33 % improvement in the ETSS model over the NTSS model. The Economic Payback Time (PBT) for NTSS and ETSS is 141.3 and 95.57 days, respectively. Environmental analysis indicates that the mitigation of CO2 in NTSS and ETSS is evaluated as 66.7 kg/year and 101.66 kg/year, respectively. Additionally, the Net Carbon Emission Mitigation (NCEM) for both models is 8 and 12.42 tons for the 10-year lifetime of both NTSS and ETSS, respectively. Carbon credits gained amount is $87.22 and $135.4 for NTSS and ETSS models, respectively.

Custard apple seeds induced toxic keratoconjunctivitis

The patient developed severe symptoms of toxic keratoconjunctivitis within 6-12 h following accidental ocular exposure to custard apple seeds (Annona squamosa) which are used as a remedy for lice/dandruff in some parts of India. A 12 year-old female child was diagnosed with custard apple seed-induced toxic keratoconjunctivitis. A patient with informed consent was enrolled. She was advised to use topical antibiotics, lubricating agents and cycloplegic eyedrops. She responded well to treatment and keratoconjunctivitis resolved in 3 weeks with complete restoration of vision in both eyes. This case highlights the importance of prevailing traditional practices. Simple health education and more public awareness of harmful effects of custard apple seeds should be created to prevent such chemical injury.

Synthesis and Characterization of Natural Pesticides from Custard Apple Seeds

Synthesis and Characterization of Natural Pesticides from Custard Apple Seeds

Seed Waste from Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.): A Comprehensive Insight on Bioactive Compounds, Health Promoting Activity and Safety Profile

Annona squamosa L. (custard apple or sugar apple), belonging to the Annonaceae family, is a small tree or shrub that grows natively in subtropical and tropical regions. Seeds of the custard apple have been employed in folk medicines because of the presence of bioactive chemicals/compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds and acetogenins and cyclopeptides that are responsible for various biological activities. The seeds also show the presence of tannins, vitamin C, vitamin E and a higher content of amino acids. From investigations, it has been shown that the seeds of A. squamosa have considerable potential to be used as an antibacterial, hepatoprotective, antioxidant and antitumor/anticancer agent. Cyclosquamosin B, extracted from the custard apple seed, possesses vasorelaxant properties. Tocopherols and fatty acids, notably oleic acid and linoleic acid, are also found in the seed oil. A. squamosa seeds contain a high amount of annonaceous acetogenins compounds, which are potent mitochondrial complex I inhibitors and have high cytotoxicity. A survey primarily based on the nutritional, phytochemical and biological properties showed that A. squamosa seeds can be used for the discovery of novel products, including pharmaceutical drugs. Although there are sufficient in vitro and in vivo experimental investigations supporting the benefits of seeds, clinical investigations/trials are still needed to determine the health contributing benefits of A. squamosa seeds.

Beneficial Aspects of Custard Apple (Annona squamosa): A Perspective Review

Abstract: Custard apple is a wonderful desert fruit that is well renowned for its dessert and confectionary qualities. It is scientifically known as Annona squamosa. Annona squamosa is one of the most widely grown Annona species. The plant has also been shown to have various medical benefits, including antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-infective, and anti-dyslipidemic capabilities. The leaves are administered to Abscesses, insect bites, and other skin ailments as a vermicide and for treating malignant tumors. Toothaches are treated using root-bark scrapings. These seeds have long been utilized in folk medicine around the world. Custard apple seeds were traditionally used to cure a variety of digestive ailments as well as an insecticide. Custard apple seeds have been used as a traditional cure for lice and dandruff infestations on the scalp in our region of the world for many years. Surprisingly, there have been few cases of toxicity from these seeds, and the management is inefficient. Due to ocular exposure to custard apple seeds, two patients developed keratoconjunctivitis. Our series is highlighted to offer an alternative treatment for situations of custard apple seed injury. This research tries to bring together the nutritional worth and medical applications of custard in one place. Keywords: Custard Apple Plants, Nutritive Values, Medicinal Values, Benefits, Extraction, Seed Oil

Custard apple-induced toxic keratopathy

Custard apple seeds are a natural remedy for head lice. We report a case series of three patients with ocular exposure to custard apple seeds. All three developed toxic keratopathy which was treated with topical antibiotics and soft steroids and they responded well to the treatment. This report is intended to increase the awareness in this regard.

Biodiesel production from Custard apple seeds and Euglena Sanguinea using CaO nano-catalyst

This short communication investigated biodiesel production from Euglena Sanguineamicroalgaeand custard appleusing nano CaO as a heterogeneous catalyst. Different solvents were used to extract the oil at a fixed speed, time, and temperature for the samples to estimate the optimized oil yield%. The catalyst was synthesized by sol gel method in nano-scale. It was further characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and XRD. The algal oil was pre-treated and trans-esterified with a catalyst to produce alkyl esters. The optimized process variables were determined using response surface methodology by varying parameters such as methanol to oil ratio and catalyst weight% for algal bio-oil and MeOH to oil ratio, time, and catalyst weight% for seed oil. The GC–MS was done to characterize the presence of biodiesel. Kinetic studies were done for the optimized condition for the algal oil and seed oil and it follows the pseudo-first order reaction.

Custard Apple Seed Oil as a Pesticide

Custard Apple Seed Oil as a Pesticide

Energy efficient extraction of oil from waste custard apple seed (CAS) with the aid of acoustic cavitation

Energy efficient extraction of oil from waste custard apple seed (CAS) with the aid of acoustic cavitation

Response surface methodology mediated process optimization of Celestine blue B uptake by novel custard apple seeds activated carbon/FeMoO4 nanocomposite

The present study deals with the evaluation of performance and efficacy of a novel nanocomposite based on custard apple seeds derived activated carbon (CAS-AC), prepared by microwave-assisted technique, and FeMoO4 nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized through green route for Celestine blue B (CB) removal from simulated wastewater. The physico-chemical characterization of the nanocomposite was achieved by means of FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, TEM and BET techniques. The operational factors such as contact time, initial CB concentration, nanocomposite dosage, and initial solution pH were optimized by Response Surface Methodology. The equilibrium data, modeled with various isotherm and kinetic models, conformed well to Freundlich model and pseudo-second order rate equation, respectively with both intraparticle and film diffusion controlling the overall adsorption process. The considerably higher Langmuir saturation capacity of the nanocomposite towards CB adsorption at 298 K (112 mg/g) than other previously reported adsorbents together with good recyclability depicts its superior adsorptive performance. The spontaneity, feasibility and endothermic nature of the CB removal process were established from the thermodynamic parameters. The hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions primarily governed the overall adsorption mechanism. The spent NC was regenerated using 0.1 mol/l HCl solution. The CAS-AC/FeMoO4 NC showed good reusability maintaining its adsorption efficiency of 86.25% up to fourth consecutive cycles. The results obtained from the present study reflected that the nanocomposite is a promising adsorbent for the liquid phase amputation of CB in effective and efficient manner.

Characterization of custard apple seeds for the separation of prebiotic low molecular weight carbohydrates (LMWC)

The concept of waste to wealth is gaining lot of importance in the recent days. In this context, the present study was undertaken to identify the potential prebiotics present in the custard apple seeds. Among the different components identified, the Low Molecular Weight Carbohydrates (LMWC) were chosen for the study and the extraction was performed using Ethanol at three different concentrations (50%, 75% and 95%) and different combination of temperature, time and speed of rotation. The maximum yield of 9.16% was obtained with 50% Ethanol, 37 0C, 72h and 60 rpm. The probiotic organism Lactobacillus bulgaricus displayed a positive growth of 7.54±0.04 log cfu/ml on LMWC over a period of 24 hours which confirmed the prebiotic functionality of LMWC. Scanning Electron Microscopy and FTIR analysis were done to confirm the morphological characteristics. Therefore, all the results obtained showed that LMWC can be used as potential prebiotics in the food industry and the commercial utilization of custard apple seeds.

Comparison and Analysis of Custard Apple Seed Oil with Engine Lubricant (Bio Lubricant)

Now a day’s the prices are increase and the decline of fossil fuels is generating a great deal of need to find an alternative lubricant from non-edible oil seeds. To order to solve the issue of energy shortages, an alternative energy source must be required. Vegetable oils are perceived to be alternatives to mineral oils for lubricant base oils because of certain inherent technical properties and their biodegradability. Vegetable oils with high oleic contents are considered to be the best alternative to substitute conventional mineral oil-based lubricating oils and synthetic esters. This paper mainly reveals about extraction of oil from custard apple seeds and the study of its composition and physic-chemical properties. Custard apple seeds were tested for their physicochemical properties in the production of biological lubricants. Research indicated that 27.5 percent of oil content in the seeds. The bio lubricant was analyzed for a quality test such as density, viscosity, flashpoint, fire point, calorific value.

Extraction of volatile and non-volatile components from custard apple seed powder using supercritical CO2 extraction system and its inventory analysis

Custard apple (Annona Squamosa) seed is mainly an agricultural waste generated in many fruit and pulp industries. The seeds are an important source of value added products such as oil, polyphenols, and acetogenins, possessing medicinal properties and having excellent market potential. The current work aims at developing an intensified method to extract volatile and non-volatile components from custard apple seeds using supercritical CO2 extraction (SC−CO2) with detailed process optimization so as to establish conditions for maximum yield. The maximum extraction of non-volatile components was obtained at optimized conditions of 25 MPa pressure, 318 K temperature, and 2.5 mL/min flow rate. The extraction of volatile oils was maximum under conditions of 15 MPa pressure, 308 K temperature, and 1.5 mL/min. The extraction was observed to be complete within 1 h due to an increase in permeability based on the action of high pressure SC−CO2, as also evident from the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of the obtained extract were also demonstrated in the work. The total number of energy units required for 1 kg extract production was calculated to be 40.69 kW h.

Process intensification of Three Phase Partition for extraction of custard apple seed oil using Microwave Pretreatment

The application of microwave was observed to be an emerging intensification tool in the field of extraction. A recent study in extraction revels the rising prospectus of the microwave as an integrated unit operation with Three Phase Partitioning (TPP). This work aims to determine the best mode of microwave application for TPP assisted extraction of oil from custard apple seeds, which has significant industrial potential as a biopesticide. A maximum oil extraction yield of 33.23 (w/w) % was obtained by opting microwave pre-treatment assisted Three Pase partitioning (MPTPP) with 120 W applied power for 60 s as optimized parameters. Parameters affecting TPP, such as salt concentration, aqueous to t-butanol ratio, and slurry to t-butanol ratio, were also optimized as 45% (w/v), 1:2 (v/v) and 1:10 respectively. Also, MPTPP was observed to extract 18.46 (w/w) % of protein along with the maximum oil extraction. In MPTPP, the yield of oil was improved by 1.13-fold than the conventional method, and the process time was reduced by 2.5 times than TPP.

Potential alternative feed sources for ruminant feeding from the biodiesel production chain by-products

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, fractionation of nitrogen compounds and carbohydrates, digestibility parameters, gas production kinetics and ruminal fermentation of fruit seed cakes. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three fruit seed cakes (treatments) and four replications. The cakes were made of seeds of custard apple (Annona squamosa), soursop (Annona muricata) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), which were collected in a biodiesel plant. The passion fruit seed cake presented the highest content of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre crude protein (NDFcp), acid detergent fibre (ADF), lignin and total carbohydrates (P<0.05). The custard apple seed cake presented high proportions of crude protein, condensed tannins and digestible energy (P<0.05). The soursop seed cake presented higher values for ether extract and total digestible nutrients (P<0.05). For potential degradability, the authors detected a difference between the custard apple, soursop and passion fruit seed cakes. The total volume of gases was higher for custard apple and soursop seed cakes. Custard apple seed cake presented higher proportions of in vitro degradation parameters (P<0.05). Thus this cake could provide greater nutrient levels when supplied in ruminant diets, followed by soursop seed cake and passion fruit seed cake.
 Keywords: alternative food, by-products, ruminant feeding, seed cake, semi-arid

Purification, biochemical and biophysical characterization of a zinc dependent α-mannosidase isoform III from Custard Apple (Annona squamosa) seeds

In the present study, out of three isoforms of α-mannosidase identified in the crude extract of defatted Custard apple seed powder, isoform III has been purified to homogeneity by two-step chromatography: hydrophobic interaction and gel filtration. The purified Custard apple α-mannosidase isoform III (CAM) hydrolyzed both chromogenic (p-nitrophenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside) and fluorescent (4-methylumbelliferyl α-D-mannopyranoside) substrates. Custard apple α-mannosidase migrated as a single band in native PAGE, showed about 220 kDa molecular mass in gel filtration and in SDS PAGE, dissociated into four bands (Mr ~ 75, 68, 56 and 50 kDa respectively). Temperature and pH optima were found to be 50 °C and 4.0–5.0 respectively and CAM was stable up to 60–70 °C. The enzymatic activity of CAM was inhibited by EDTA, Ag+, Hg2+, Ni2+ and swainsonine (IC50 value of 1.5 μM). CAM was observed to be a metallo enzyme requiring zinc for its activity. Kinetic parameters KM and Vmax were found to be 1.75 mM and 0.068 U/mL respectively. The CD spectral analysis at far UV region (190–300 nm) shows that purified CAM exists as helix (30.4%), β turns (18%) and random coils (29.7%) in its secondary structure. Chemical modification studies with N-Bromosuccinimide revealed the presence of tryptophan in its active site.

Toxic Keratitis After Application of Custard Apple Seed for Head Lice Infestation.

To report the clinical features and outcomes of toxic keratitis after application of powdered custard apple seeds for hair washing for head lice infestation. Retrospective review of all patients with toxic keratitis after application of powdered custard apple seed for head lice infestation during the time period from January 2015 to December 2017. Demographic details, clinical features, and visual outcomes were documented. Thirty-one eyes of 19 patients with toxic keratitis after application of crushed custard apple seeds for head lice infestation were included in the study. Eighteen females and 1 male with a median age of 14 years [interquartile range (IQR) 12-34 years] presented with severe epiphora, congestion, photophobia, and defective vision (median logMar visual acuity 0.4, IQR 0.2-0.8) after application of custard apple seed powder for hair washing. Ten eyes (32.2%) had an epithelial defect (median size 9 mm, IQR 5-12 mm), and 21 (67.7%) eyes had punctate epithelial erosions. All the patients were treated with topical antibiotics, and at 3 days follow-up, all of them had resolution of symptoms and signs with a median logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity of 0 (IQR 0-0.2). Health education about the harmful effect of this traditional practice for head lice infestation will prevent further similar events.

The Development of Creambath Preparation with Combination of Garlic Extract (Allium sativum L.) and Custard Apple Seeds Extract (Annona squamosa L.) as Anti-Dandruff and Anti Head Lice (Pediculus humanus capitis)

Allicin and ajoene are active compounds in garlic which have proven to be of benefit as antifungal. Meanwhile, the content of oleic acid and triglycerides from the custard apple seeds extract showed anti-fungal activity in vitro. This study aimed to obtain a preparation of creambath combination of garlic extract and custard apple seeds extract which have anti-dandruff and anti head lice activity. Garlic extract was obtained by adding phosphate buffer with freeze-dry method, while custard apple seeds extract was obtained from maceration using petroleum ether. Garlic extract provides an anti-dandruff effect with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 6.25 mg/mL and the smallest custard apple seeds extract (LD 100%, 3 hours) which is 3.13 mg/mL can provide anti head lice effect. Variations in the concentration of the combination of garlic extract and custard apple seeds extract used in creambath preparations were (6.25 mg/mL and 3.13 mg/mL), (12.5 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL) and (25 mg/mL and 12.5 mg/mL). The resulting creambath preparations have characteristics that are light green, green tea flavored, homogeneous, semisolid form, o/w cream type, pH 5.85-6.25, viscosity 34,000-72,000 cps with thixotropic pseudoplastic flow properties, average size particle 34.31-57.66 μm, anti-dandruff activity with diameters of inhibitory 9, 12, and 16 mm in 72 hours incubation time and LD 100% hair lice activity in 157, 133 and 105 minutes.

Custard Apple Seed Extract as a Preventive Measure to Control Downy Mildew of Grapes

Custard Apple Seed Extract as a Preventive Measure to Control Downy Mildew of Grapes

Confirmation of the Revised Structure of Samoquasine A and a Proposed Structural Revision of Cherimoline.

The identity of the natural product samoquasine A has remained obscure since its isolation from custard apple seeds in 2000. One of the proposed structures, benzo[ f]phthalazin-4(3 H)-one, was prepared in two steps by regioselective ortho-lithiation/formylation of N, N-diisopropyl-2-naphthylamide, followed by cyclization with hydrazine, but was shown to be different from the natural product. Perlolidine, another candidate structure, was synthesized by a novel route involving a β-selective Heck reaction of butyl vinyl ether. Both perlolidine and samoquasine A are converted by trimethylsilyldiazomethane into the same N-methyl derivative. In addition, the 13C NMR spectra of perlolidine and another structurally mis-assigned natural product, cherimoline, are almost identical. Thus, both samoquasine A and cherimoline are actually perlolidine.