Profile Curvature Research Articles

Exploring the ceRNA network involving AGAP2-AS1 as a novel biomarker for preeclampsia

Preeclampsia (PE) is an important research subject in obstetrics. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of PE remain elusive. PE-related expression datasets (GSE96983, GSE96984 and GSE24129) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Firstly, the differentially expressed messenger RNAs (DE-mRNAs), DE-microRNA (DE-miRNAs) and DE-long non-coding RNA (DE-lncRNAs) between PE and control cohorts were identified, and the ceRNA network was constructed. Then candidate hub genes were obtained through five algorithms by the protein-protein intersection (PPI) network of the mRNAs. Further, five hub genes were identified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and gene expression profiles: DAXX, EFNB1, NCOR2, RBBP4 and SOCS1. The function of 5 hub genes was analyzed and the interaction between drugs and hub genes was predicted. A total of 5 small molecule drugs were predicted, namely benzbromarone, 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, chembl312032, insulin and aldesleukin. AGAP2-AS1 was mainly located in exosome and cytoplasm. Agap2-as1-related regulatory subnetworks were extracted from ceRNA networks which included 41 mRNAs, 2 miRNAs and 1 lncRNA, including the regulated relationship pairs AGAP2-AS1-hsa-miR-497-5p-SRPRB, and AGAP2-AS1-hsa-miR-195-5p-RPL36. In summary, we constructed a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network to identify five potential biomarkers (DAXX, EFNB1, NCOR2, SOCS1 and RBBP4) of PE. The in-depth analysis of the AGAP2-AS1 regulatory network will help to uncover more important molecules closely related to PE and provide a scientific Reference.

A revised elastic-plastic contact model of cycloidal pinwheel based on length scale

This study explores the relationship between surface roughness and characteristic scale through theoretical analyses and experimental data. Considering the concavity and convexity of cycloidal gear tooth profile curvatures, a curved surface contact coefficient model suitable for both inner and outer contacts, with either equal or unequal curvatures, has been developed. Moreover, a fractal contact model is constructed for cycloidal pinwheels. This model considers scale correlation and analyzes the influence of microscopic parameters on the elastic-plastic critical grade and the behavior of the contact area. Additionally, the influence of the micro-convex body frequency index on surface contact performance is explored to provide theoretical insights for improving the elastic contact ratio and reducing wear on contact surfaces.

Topological magnon in exchange frustration driven incommensurate spin spiral of kagome-lattice YMn6Sn6

YMn6Sn6 consists of two types of Mn-based kagome planes stacked along the c-axis having a complex magnetic interaction. We report a spin reconstruction in YMn6Sn6 from ferromagnetic (FM) into a combination of two incommensurate spin spirals (SSs) originating from two different types of Mn kagome planes driven by frustrated magnetic exchanges along the c-axis with the inclusion of the Hubbard U. The pitch angle and wave vector of the incommensurate SSs are ∼89.3∘ and ∼ (0 0 0.248), respectively, which are in excellent agreement with the experiment. We employ an effective model Hamiltonian constructed out of exchange interactions to capture the experimentally observed nonequivalent nature of the two incommensurate SSs which also explain the FM-SS crossover due to antiferromagntic spin exchange with correlation. We further report the existence of a topological magnon with spin-orbit coupling in the incommensurate SS phase of YMn6Sn6 by calculating the topological invariants and Berry curvature profile. The location of the Dirac magnon in the energy landscape at 73 meV matches with another experimental report. We demonstrate the accuracy of our results by highlighting the experimental features in YMn6Sn6. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Thin-shell wormholes with non-collapsing dark energy throats connecting flat Minkowski spacetimes

This research revisits the thin-shell wormhole connecting two Minkowski spacetimes — originally introduced by Matt Visser. Upon setting a particular timelike hypersurface with a de-sitter-induced line element, the corresponding thin-shell wormhole (TSW) possesses a minimum radius and a uniform surface energy–momentum tensor in the form of dark energy. The bounded from below radius for the throat implies that it does not collapse. The r−τ profile curve of the hypersurface is a Catenary in r−τ plane where r and τ are the radial coordinate and the proper time on the throat, respectively. It is also shown that while the throat is dynamic, the surface energy–momentum tensor of the dark energy is in the form of an effective cosmological constant in the spherically symmetric TSW. The 4-dimensional cylindrically symmetric TSW with a similar throat profile shares the same features as its spherical counterpart, however, its uniform surface energy–momentum tensor does not mimic an effective cosmological constant. The higher-dimensional generalization of the spherically symmetric TSW admits the same properties as in the 4-dimensional one.

The Role of Cholesterol in M2 Clustering and Viral Budding Explained.

The influenza A M2 homotetrameric channel consists of four transmembrane (TM) and four amphipathic helices (AHs). This viral proton channel is suggested to form clusters in the catenoid budding neck areas in raft-like domains of the plasma membrane, resulting in cell membrane scission and viral release. The channel clustering environment is rich in cholesterol. Previous experiments have shown that cholesterol significantly contributes to lipid bilayer undulations in viral buds. However, a clear explanation of membrane curvature from the distribution of cholesterol around the M2TM-AH clusters is lacking. Using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of M2TM-AH in bilayers, we observed that M2 channels form specific, C2-symmetric, clusters with conical shapes driven by the attraction of their AHs. We showed that cholesterol stabilized the formation of M2 channel clusters by filling and bridging the conical gap between M2 channels at specific sites in the N-termini of adjacent channels or via the C-terminal region of TM and AHs, with the latter sites displaying a longer interaction time and higher stability. The potential of mean force calculations showed that when cholesterols occupy the identified interfacial binding sites between two M2 channels, the dimer is stabilized by 11 kJ/mol. This translates to the cholesterol-bound dimer being populated by almost 2 orders of magnitude compared to a dimer lacking cholesterol. We demonstrated that the cholesterol-bridged M2 channels can exert a lateral force on the surrounding membrane to induce the necessary negative Gaussian curvature profile, which permits spontaneous scission of the catenoid membrane neck and leads to viral buds and scission.

Gravitational lensing around dark matter in galactic halo region

The presence of dark matter in the galactic region has decisively confirmed by astronomical observations , however, the characteristics of dark matter yet to be recognized correctly. Utilizing the Einstein’s general theory of relativity and the observed rotational curve profile as input, we point out some features of galactic dark matter. Usually, dark matter is not directly visible but affects the lensing. In this paper, the deflection of a massive particle by galactic dark matter is studied using the Jacobi metric approach. We also provide a brief analysis of the image features of the deflection angle.

Thalamocortical dysrhythmia and reward deficiency syndrome as uncertainty disorders

A common anatomical core has been described for psychiatric disorders, consisting of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and anterior insula, processing uncertainty. A common neurophysiological core has been described for other brain related disorders, called thalamocortical dysrhythmia (TCD), consisting of persistent cross-frequency coupling between low and high frequencies. And a common genetic core has been described for yet another set of hypodopaminergic pathologies called reward deficiency syndromes (RDS). Considering that some RDS have the neurophysiological features of TCD, it can be hypothesized that TCD and RDS have a common anatomical core, yet a differentiating associated neurophysiological mechanism. The EEGs of 683 subjects are analysed in source space for both differences and conjunction between TCD and healthy controls, RDS and healthy controls, and between TCD and RDS. A balance between current densities of the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) extending into the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dACC is calculated as well. TCD and RDS share a common anatomical and neurophysiological core, consisting of beta activity in the dACC and theta activity in dACC extending into precuneus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. TCD and RDS differ in pgACC/vmPFC activity and demonstrate an opposite balance between pgACC/vmPFC and dACC. Based on the Bayesian brain model TCD and RDS can be defined as uncertainty disorders in which the pgACC/vmPFC and dACC have an opposite balance, possibly explained by an inverted-U curve profile of both pgACC/vmPFC and dACC.

In vitro ruminant fermentation, degradation, and methane production of four agro-industrial protein-rich co-products, compared with soyabean meal

Soyabean is considered an unsustainable protein source for livestock feeds because of the large quantity of input and energy required to cultivate and process it. Other protein-based agro-industrial co-products that are less input-intensive, can mitigate methane (CH4) production and may therefore be more sustainable options instead soyabean. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of replacing the same amount of protein (40g/kg DM crude protein) as soyabean meal (SBM) with low-carbon local agro-industrial co-products, (brewers’ spent grains, BSG; dried wheat distillers’ grains, WDG; dried corn distillers’ grains, CDG and corn steep liquor CSL), on in vitro rumen degradation, fermentation and gas and methane production. The study used a 72-hour in vitro gas production method with a basal substrate of dried, ground grass silage and wheat. Gas volumes were measured at eleven different specific intervals, and CH4 concentrations were analysed via gas chromatography. After 72hours, in vitro DM degradability (IVDMD) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations were assessed. Gas and CH4 production curve profiles were fitted to models to determine asymptote production, the extent of degradation in rumen proper (RoP), and the fractional degradation rate (μ) (h-1) in the halfway 50% of the asymptote production. The IVDMD and estimated RoP at 0.04h and 0.025h were lower (P<0.05) for BSG compared to the other treatments, by 4.9 – 6.6%; 5.8 - 9.9%; 5.2 - 9.0%. Gas and CH4 yield (mL/g substrate and mL/g substrate degraded), and pH (SB = 6.77, BSG = 6.80, WDG = 6.74, CDG = 6.84, and CSL = 6.73; P>0.05), were not significantly affected by treatment. Butyrate and valerate were lower (P<0.05) for BSG compared to CSL, and caproate was lower (P<0.001) for BSG compared to the other treatments and in CSL compared to SBM. The results regarding degradability and VFAs concentrations of this study demonstrated that dried wheat distillers’ grains, dried corn distillers’ grains, and corn steep liquor have the potential to replace soyabean meal as protein sources for ruminants, but further reduction of CH4 emissions as a result of such practice may not be expected. Although slightly less degradable, based on their nutrient composition and the fact they did not affect rumen fermentation characteristics, brewers' spent grains can still play a complementary role in ruminant diets, especially in regions where they are locally readily available.

A.S.S.E.S.S. for Facial Fillers.

An in-depth and detailed facial assessment is critical in treating and achieving desirable dermal filler and neurotoxin results. An acronym called A.S.S.E.S.S. simplifies an often complex and overwhelming amount of data needed to assimilate when performing facial filler and neurotoxin injections. Applying this method to patients in six simple steps provides a starting point and offers a guideline to capture key details for a more comprehensive facial assessment. The A.S.S.E.S.S. acronym stands for animate, shape, side, external, symmetry, and shadows and is helpful in following a methodical approach in analyzing facial shape, profile, and natural facial curves in both static and dynamic states. Following a regimented A.S.S.E.S.S. approach prior to treating filler and neurotoxin patients allows providers a straightforward guide to achieve a desirable facial shape and profile. This stepwise facial assessment establishes a logical and detailed approach to ensure the important aspects of facial details are appreciated in creating reliable and pleasing filler and neurotoxin results.

Assessment of land degradation susceptibility within the Shaqlawa subregion of Northern Iraq-Kurdistan Region via synergistic application of remotely acquired datasets and advanced predictive models.

Land degradation (LD) is the decline in a land's functional capacity and productive potential, which includes various anthropogenic and natural drivers. This study focuses on three primary manifestations of LD including soil erosion, landslides, and rockfalls, which are the most prevalent in the Shaqlawa district. A set of 22 LD conditioning factors, encompassing curvature, lithology, aspect, river density, soil type, lineament density, river distance, elevation, road distance, length slope (LS), land use land cover (LULC), stream power index (SPI), valley depth, profile curvature, slope, solar radiation, road density, lineament distance, rainfall, topographic wetness index (TWI), plan curvature, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), were integrated into the analysis. Variance inflation factors (VIF) and tolerance (TOL) values from linear regression indicate that most LD factors have acceptable levels of multicollinearity. The Information Gain Ratio (IGR) identified key variables TWI, NDVI, and lithology-as pivotal factors for predicting LD. Additionally, the study evaluated degradation factors using various machine learning (ML) algorithms, including random forest (RF), Naive Bayes, logistic regression, rotation forest, forest penalized attributes (FPA), and Fisher's Linear discriminant analysis (FLDA). This facilitated categorizing the study area into five susceptibility categories. The FLDA model categorized the highest area under very high degradation risk at 26.72%, emphasizing the varied insights each algorithm brought to characterizing the degradation risk. Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were employed for model validation, identifying RF as the most successful model in the training dataset with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.882, while FLDA outperformed in the testing dataset with an AUC of 0.883. The identified LD-prone areas will help land-use planners and emergency management officials apply effective mitigation strategies for similar terrains.

From conventional to bioinspired: Evolution of tail surface designs in micro air vehicles

The paper presents the evolution of the tail surface design of a micro air vehicle based on adaptive wing geometry. The initial prototype was conceived as a tailless aircraft geometry, waiting for future innovations and stability augmentations. An initial experimental test bench will be presented to characterize the variation of wing profile curvature as a function of the voltage, through MFC actuators. Once these results have been analyzed, the process of conceiving a conventional T-tail was initiated, ultimately evolving toward the proposal of a bioinspired tail based on the tail shape of various birds. The results obtained in wind tunnel tests using PIV techniques will be presented. The results validate the selected tail surface design as an appropriate geometry for a bioinspired micro air vehicle.

Microstructure formation mechanisms and property regulation methods during ceramic additive manufacturing

Anisotropic surface lamellar defects, dimensional shrinkage, and bending strength are important scientific issues that constrain vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing of biological, electronic, and core ceramics with high precision and complex structures. Through the single-factor experiment of photoinitiator concentration, average particle size, volume fraction, and refractive index constant in ceramic-resin slurry, this work studies the photopolymerization characteristics and profile curves, surface lamellar defects, and crosslinking density, verifies the reliability of the photopolymerization profile equations affected by the slurry composition, and acquires the anisotropic property formation mechanisms and control methods. The single-point scanning photopolymerization profile shape is parabolic, resulting in x-, y-, and z-direction lamellar defects before and after sintering (1550 °C), with no obvious weakening. After the quantitative description of the lamellar defects, the average surface roughnesses before and after sintering of the green body are 6.82 and 4.92 μm, respectively. Additionally, the laser energy attenuation along the penetration direction induces a gradient distribution of crosslinking density in the photopolymerization profile region. The crosslinking density gradient distribution of the decay from the slurry surface toward the depth direction is influenced by the slurry component concentration, leading to a gradient of cured powder concentration, which induces anisotropic behaviors. Through the crosslinking density controlling, the average bending strength in x(y) and z directions is increased by 63.19 % (46 %), the difference in anisotropic strength is reduced by 22.55 %, and the dimensional shrinkage difference of x and z directions is reduced by 48.32 %. This provides a theoretical and experimental research basis for ceramic vat photopolymerization with high dimensional accuracy, excellent performance, and morphology control.

Mechanical Characterization of Flax and Hemp Fibers Cultivated in Romania.

This study examines the mechanical properties, specifically strength and stiffness, of technical hemp and flax fibers grown in Romania. Tensile testing was employed to determine stress-strain curves and the Young's modulus and to assess the failure strength of both fiber types. Although samples of various lengths were tested, no significant length-dependent variations were observed. However, a strong dependence on fiber diameter was noted, with the smallest diameters approaching the documented strength of elementary fibers. Due to the considerable variability in the experimental results pertaining to the characteristics of the reinforced fibers, a statistical analysis using a two-parameter Weibull distribution was employed. The analysis revealed three distinct stress-strain curve profiles, i.e., linear, bi-linear, and tri-linear patterns, with the average ultimate stress ranging from 412 to 566 MPa for hemp and 502 to 598 MPa for flax.

Optimization of field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry-based assessment of Aphanomyces root rot in pea

When plants are infected with pathogens, disease response can result in changes in the profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOC). These changes in volatile organic compounds (VOC) profiles can be utilized for disease detection and quantification. In this study, field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) was used to evaluate the VOC profile variability in a pea near isogenic line (Pisum sativum L.) inoculated with zoospores of Aphanomyces euteiches Drechs, which causes Aphanomyces root rot disease. Pots were filled with silica sand and six plants per pot were grown under controlled conditions in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Four treatments, namely non-inoculated, 1 x 105, 1 x 106, and 2.79 x 106 zoospores ml−1 were applied to plants at 5 and 7 days after emergence. FAIMS was used to collect volatile profiles at 2, 4, 7 and 9 days after inoculation. Specific regions of interest – extracted from the 3D ion current intensity from the FAIMS spectra – were analyzed using ANOVA, Similarly, multiple regions of interest were evaluated using principal component analysis and k-means clustering. Ion current profiles and curvature profiles were incorporated into the analysis using k-means clustering. Other ground reference data such as root rot index and physiological parameters were also recorded. The results showed a biomarker in a specific region of interest demonstrating ample ability to quantify and differentiate treatment effects during non-destructive sampling at 14 DAE (7 DAI). Data from this region could be used for early and non-destructive quantification and differentiation of treatment effects based on zoospore inoculation levels. The k-means clustering of ion current and curvature profiles showed patterns based on the treatments. These findings demonstrated that FAIMS could be used as a tool to assess plant-pathogen interactions using volatile biomarkers to evaluate disease responses and severity under controlled conditions.

Picturing Global Substorm Dynamics in the Magnetotail Using Low‐Altitude ELFIN Measurements and Data Mining‐Based Magnetic Field Reconstructions

AbstractA global reconfiguration of the magnetotail characterizes substorms. Current sheet thinning, intensification, and magnetic field stretching are defining features of the substorm growth phase and their spatial distributions control the timing and location of substorm onset. Presently, sparse in‐situ observations cannot resolve these distributions. A promising approach is to use new substorm magnetic field reconstruction methods based on data mining, termed SST19. Here we compare the SST19 reconstructions to low‐altitude electron losses and fields investigation (ELFIN) measurements of energetic particle precipitations to probe the radial profile of the equatorial magnetic field curvature during a 19 August 2022 substorm. ELFIN and SST19 yield a consistent dynamical picture of the magnetotail during the growth phase and capture its key features such as the formation of a thin current sheet and its earthward motion. Furthermore, they resolve a “checkmark” pattern of isotropic electron precipitation boundaries in the time‐energy plane, consistent with earlier observations but now over a broad energy range. It is shown that in the growth phase, the mismatch between SST19 and ELFIN latitudes is much less than one degree, the capability unattainable for any other empirical or first‐principles model.

Morphological properties of two-dimensional and three-dimensional bedforms in open channel flow: A flume experiments study

Bedforms are formed by sediment particles under the action of flow, which in turn affect flow and sediment movement. However, the fundamental mechanisms behind the formation and development of bedforms under varying flow conditions, the interconnection between sediment particle movement and bed morphology development, as well as the influence of bedforms on flow and sediment transport, are still not well understood. In the current study, the moveable bed load transport flume experiments under different flow conditions were done, and the development processes of two-dimensional and three-dimensional dunes formed under different flow intensities were simulated. The detailed structure of the bedforms was measured by laser scanning technology, the characteristics of the bedforms were analyzed in detail, and the relations between the formation of the bedforms and the movement of sediment particles are discussed. The results found that the correlation coefficients of the longitudinal profile curve can serve as a quick reference for distinguishing two-dimensional and three-dimensional dunes. When the crestline ratio is used as the criterion for two-dimensional and three-dimensional dunes, the relative amplitude of the dune crestline and the included angle with the flow direction should also be comprehensively considered. The lee side angles of dunes calculated using the triangle generalization method and local section tangent method are compared and show that the values obtained by the former method are only about half of that of the latter. It is also found that the lee side angles of dunes are related to the dune height. The superimposed dunes generally exist in the downstream area of the stoss side of the dunes. The local bed slopes on the stoss side of the dunes show reverse slopes. The superimposed dunes improve the local bed height and further increase the reverse slope degree of the stoss side. A streamwise ridge is an important form located in the upstream area of the dunes stoss side, and they are symmetrically distributed on both sides. Multiple streamwise ridges divide the stoss side of the dunes into relatively independent movement areas, restricting the movement of sediment particles to specific regions. According to the distribution characteristics of bed morphologies, the effects of dunes on sediment particle movement and flow energy consumption are analyzed.

Geometric synthesis in the profile of the involute tooth for improving the performance of bending in the material of the spur gear

Abstract Transferring power from one rotational axis to another in numbers of axes requires portable equipment such as gear. In operation, involuted teeth were reported as bending and pitting failures. Bending fatigue causes gear tooth cracks at the root, and pitting causes more wear. This bending failure was reduced with the help of material selection, geometric modifications like changes in profile shape, transmission error, module, tip relief, pressure angles, and the application of forces. A normal force acting on a gear tooth gets resolved into three components, like tangential, radial, and axial. When it comes to enhancing bending strength, the geometric forms of profiles have a significant impact. A variety of tools and techniques, including hobbing, shaping, grinding, etc., are available at the fingertips for altering gearing tooth. Changing the borders of gear tooth profiles with hobbing tools is becoming more popular among the authors as a means for altering gear tooth. There are four distinct geometric profiles that may be used to change gear geometries and enhance bending strength by reducing stress on the tooth. These profiles include trochoidal, circular, bezier, and cubic spines, and they are implemented using a hob cutter. It is noteworthy to note that these designs boost strength by integrating the shape of number of teeth on the spur gear. This study compares the number of teeth on the gear’s pinion with other geometric characteristics, including pressure angle, module, etc., in order to discover the optimal way for modifying the involute tooth of the gear in order to increase the bending resistance effectively of the spur gear. For the purpose of boosting the strength of gear material, a number of research endeavours have utilized circular profiles; nonetheless, this profile is older than the Bezier curve profile. Here, Bezier curves with a three-and five-point profile give better results than other profiles with significant reductions in bending stress for the same quantity of tooth on the gear.

Investigating Static and Dynamic Behaviors in 3D Chiral Mechanical Metamaterials by Disentangled Generative Models

AbstractChiral mechanical metamaterials with engineered asymmetric structures have garnered significant interest owing to their potential for manipulating mechanical waves and unconventional mechanical properties. Although several design methodologies have made significant strides in the design and discovery of chiral mechanical metamaterials, 3D designs that incorporate multiple mechanical characteristics remain largely unexplored and the static and dynamic properties of these structures have not received sufficient attention. Here, an innovative approach is introduced for the inverse design of 3D chiral mechanical metamaterials with desired static and dynamic properties, leveraging streamlined shapes to enable a versatile design. By employing conditional generative adversarial networks (c‐GANs), the desired mechanical properties are targeted by focusing on both wave attenuation and stress distribution under compression and shear loading. 3D chiral mechanical metamaterials with additive manufacturing are fabricated to demonstrate the performance of the proposed c‐GAN. Experimental investigations show that the generated structures exhibited a wide range of wave attenuation properties, low stress concentrations, and a variety of stress‐strain curve profiles including nonlinear stiffness, demonstrating their effectiveness in achieving the desired mechanical characteristics. This research offers significant advancements in the on‐demand design capabilities of metamaterials and their applications.

Prototyping Ti2Cu intermetallic grain growth heterogeneously in Ti6Al4V matrix through laser additive manufacturing

The Ti2Cu intermetallics compound possessing an ability to release Cu2+ ions has promising antibacterial properties. This research integrates experimental and computational techniques to delve into the interfacial intermetallic (IMC) formation within the Ti6Al4V/Cu system. Heat transfer analysis is performed to numerically outline the thermal history within the microstructure during laser surface alloying (power = 1000 W and scan speed = 200 mm/s), while the phase field method is employed to describe the Ti2Cu IMC grain growth in the Ti6Al4V matrix. As the IMC and the matrix phases respectively have free energy minima of -68.52 and -61.35 kJ/mol at Taverage=1250.0 K, the growth of Ti2Cu IMC grains at the Ti6Al4V matrix located around the depth of 5 μm from the top surface is thermodynamically favorable. Laser processing can cause the nucleation of IMC precipitates of irregular sizes and curvature profiles, in which case the curvature driven effects between the adjacent grains can additionally affect their growth kinetics. Furthermore, microbiological assays underscore the superior antibacterial efficacy of the Ti6Al4V+Ti2Cu heterostructures as compared to the control (Ti6Al4V) counterpart.

Roller Position Design in the Roll Bending Process of a Non-Uniform Curvature Profile

Roller Position Design in the Roll Bending Process of a Non-Uniform Curvature Profile