Marketable Yield Research Articles

Open-loop response of Fischer–Tropsch reactions to manipulation of temperature and pressure

Abstract In the present work, the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is carried out through simulation. This reaction uses a gas mixture, called synthesis gas, composed of carbon monoxide rich in hydrogen (H2/CO > 2.5), to form medium and long chain hydrocarbons (C5 +). For the modeling of this system, a packed bed reactor with a cobalt-based catalyst has been considered, which promotes the polymerization of methylene species, selective to linear paraffins and 1-olefins. The objective of this work is evaluating the impact of operation variables, such as feed flows and temperature, coolant flow, system pressure, on the chain length distribution of the products. Current operating policies does not promote selectivity to the production of synthetic gasolines (C5–C12), because of the drastic increase in the temperature inside the reactor as consequence of the high exothermicity of the reactions (ΔH = −170 kJ mol−1). It has been impossible to maintain these reactions within the appropriate temperature range (475–520 K) without the presence of an external agent that manages the available heat, for this project molten sales have been proposed as a cooling medium (KNO3–NaNO3), based on its favorable heat transfer characteristics. By analyzing the system responses, the open loop model has allowed us to explore multiple hydrocarbon production scenarios, specifically highlighting the increasing of the yield of synthetic gasoline (48 wt%) in the products, from a defined molten salts (coolant) countercurrent flow range (7.05E-2 at 2.50E-1 m/h). It was noticed that this heat management allowed us to obtain a specific range of hydrocarbons, representing the opportunity to control the growth of the chain length. In conclusion, this analysis will lay the foundations for the design control policies, which help to increase current yields of synthetic gasoline, making it possible to achieve the desired quality for the immediate future.

Genetic Variation in Yield and Fruit Weight Among Strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) Cultivars and the Interaction With Year and Location Effect

ABSTRACTStrawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) is an important crop in the United States. In this study, we analysed strawberry trials established across 7 years and two locations. Our objective was to estimate genetic parameters and predict breeding values for yield. Linear mixed models were used for unbalanced data across years and locations and study the genotype by year and location interactions. The results suggested significant differences between cultivars for fruit weight but not for total and marketable yield. Fruit weight was controlled by genetic factors, shown by the high heritability of cultivar means (0.93), whereas marketable yield and total yield showed lower heritability estimates (0.48 and 0.63, respectively), indicating a substantial environmental influence. For fruit weight, cultivars exhibited stability across years and locations, supported by the high additive genetic correlations observed for cultivar‐by‐year (r = 0.90) and cultivar‐by‐location interactions (r = 0.98). Fruit weight and total yield were genetically independent as suggested near zero additive genetic correlation (−0.06 ± 0.416) between two traits, and they should be considered for an index selection in the strawberry breeding strategy.

Processing Tomato and Potato Response to Biostimulant Application in Open Field: An Overview

Biostimulants include a wide array of microorganisms and substances that can exert beneficial effects on plant development and growth, often enhancing nutrient uptake and improving tolerance against abiotic and biotic stress. Depending on their composition and time of application, these products can influence plant physiology directly as growth regulators or indirectly through environmental condition changes in the rhizosphere, such as nutrient and water availability. This review evaluated 48 case studies from 39 papers to summarize the effects of biostimulant application on fruit and tuber yields and on the quality of processing tomato and potato in open field conditions. For potato, PGPR bacteria were the main studied biostimulant, whereas the low number of studies on processing tomato did not permit us to delineate a trend. The yield and quality were greatly influenced by cultivars and biostimulant composition, application method, period, and dose. For processing tomato, a positive effect of the biostimulant application on the marketable yield was reported in 79% of the case studies, whereas for potato, the effect was reported in only 47%. Few studies, on processing tomato and potato, also reported data for quality parameters with contrasting results. The variability of crop response to biostimulant application in open field conditions highlights the need for more comprehensive studies. Such studies should focus on diverse cultivars, deeply understand the interaction of biostimulant application with agronomic management (e.g., irrigation and fertilization), and evaluate yield and quality parameters. This approach is crucial to fully understand the potential and limitations of biostimulant applications in agriculture, particularly regarding their role in sustainable crop production.

Nitrogen and Spacing Requirements for Advanced Chipping Selections ND7799c-1 and ND7519-1

AbstractAdoption of new cultivars is challenging for commercial growers. To understand the best nitrogen fertilization rate (90, 134, 179, and 224 kg N ha-1) and within-row spacing (15, 23 and 31 cm) for two potential potato cultivar releases from North Dakota State University, a study was carried out in 2019 and 2020 in North Dakota. The advanced chipping selections ND7799c-1 and ND7519-1 were compared to a chip industry standard, Dakota Pearl. In 2019, ND7799c-1 grown at 23 cm within-row spacing had similar marketable yield to Dakota Pearl. In 2020, ND7519-1 at all within-row spacings, and ND7799c-1 at 15 and 23 cm within-row spacing, yielded similarly to Dakota Pearl. Nitrogen rate did not affect yield or chipping quality in 2019 or 2020. The advanced selections had lower sucrose and glucose levels one month after harvest compared to Dakota Pearl in 2020. ND7799c-1 stored for 8 months, and ND7519-1 for 6 months, before chip quality declined. This research demonstrates the potential for ND7799c-1 and ND7519-1 to be successful chip processing cultivars for the Northern Plains.

Optimizing Irrigation and Nitrogen Levels for Enhanced Cabbage Growth in Yobe's Semi-Arid Region

This study investigated the effects of irrigation schedules and nitrogen fertilizer application rates on the growth and productivity of cabbage in Damaturu, Yobe State. Using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in a 3x5 factorial arrangement with three replications, we tested three irrigation intervals “3, 6, and 9 days” and five nitrogen fertilizer levels “0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha⁻¹” on an improved cabbage variety (Datdiku-5m). Results indicated cabbage growth positively responded to optimal irrigation intervals and increasing nitrogen fertilizer rates. The combination of 6-day irrigation intervals and 100 kg ha⁻¹ of nitrogen fertilizer resulted in impressive outcomes: a tallest head height of 18.92 cm, the largest head diameter of 16.95 cm, maximum plant height of 24.92 cm, the largest plant spread of 37.12 cm, a maximum marketable yield of 63.5 t/ha, and the highest total yield of 71.52 t/ha (Table 3). This combination ensures an adequate supply of water and nutrients, promoting robust growth and significant yield in semi-arid region. In contrast, lower irrigation intervals (9 days) and reduced nitrogen levels (0-50 kg ha⁻¹) led to stunted growth and lower productivity metrics, illustrating the critical role of proper water and nutrient management in achieving optimal cabbage yields. Therefore, adopting a 6-day irrigation schedule and applying 100 kg ha⁻¹ of nitrogen fertilizer may effectively increase cabbage yield. Future research should explore different nitrogen fertilizer rates and the combined effects of various nutrients with different irrigation intervals to further assess their impact.

Performance of LDL-C only compared to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Score for screening of familial hypercholesterolaemia: the Austrian experience and literature review.

Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is a severely underdiagnosed, inherited disease, causing dyslipidaemia and premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In order to facilitate screening in a broad clinical spectrum, we aimed to analyse the current yield of routine genetic diagnostics for FH and to evaluate the performance of the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Score (DLCNS) compared to a single value, the off-treatment LDL-cholesterol exceeding 190 mg/dL. We investigated all patients that underwent molecular genotyping routinely performed for FH over a 4-year period in two Austrian specialist lipid clinics. Variants reported in FH-causing genes including LDLR, APOB, PCSK9, LDLRAP, and APOE were collected and classified. For clinical classification, the DLCNS was calculated retrospectively and compared to the original scores documented in patient charts. Additionally, a literature review on comparisons of DLCNS to LDL-C was performed. Of 469 patients tested, 21.3% had a disease-causing variant. A median of 3 out of 8 (excluding genotyping results and LDL-C) DLCNS criteria were unavailable. DLCNS was documented in 48% of cases, with significant discrepancies compared to retrospective scoring (P < 0.001). DLCNS did not outperform off-treatment LDL-C alone (Δ = 0.006; P = 0.660), analogously to several reports identified in the literature. A single cut-off of 190 mg/dL LDL-C compared to DLCNS ≥ 6 showed excellent sensitivity (84.9% vs. 53.8%) and acceptable specificity (39.0% vs. 84.1%). Missing criteria and severe discrepancies observed between retrospective and on-site scoring by treating physicians were highly prevalent, confirming limited utility of DLCNS in clinical routine and warranting a single off-treatment LDL-C cut-off of 190 mg/dL for enhanced index-case identification.

Assessing Broccoli Cultivar Susceptibility to Alternaria brassicicola in Georgia

Alternaria leaf blight and head rot (causal agent: Alternaria brassicicola and other Alternaria species) in broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) can lead to decreased yields, reduced head quality, and postharvest losses. While cultural practices and fungicides can decrease disease severity, further work is needed to determine resistance or susceptibility in commercial cultivars. This study evaluated the susceptibility of 26 cultivars against A. brassicicola in fall 2021 and 2022 at two locations in Georgia (Tifton and Watkinsville). Commonly used cultivars in the eastern United States were selected and grown in a randomized complete block design. Approximately 20 days after transplant, plants were inoculated with a conidial suspension of A. brassicicola and monitored for disease development. Foliar disease severity, foliar area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC), head disease severity, and yield were determined for each cultivar at each location. Significant differences existed among cultivars (year × location) for foliar AUPDC and head disease severity. Foliar AUPDC ranged from 299 to 1,818 for both years and locations, and head disease severity ranged from 1 to 81% across both years and locations. In this study, cultivars ‘Eastern Crown’, ‘Emerald Jewel’, ‘Lieutenant’, and ‘Abrams’ had greater foliar and head disease severity and lower marketable yields in both locations and years. The cultivars ‘Vallejo’, ‘Emerald Pride’, ‘Burney’, ‘Belstar’, ‘Iron Man’, and ‘Marathon’ exhibited low disease severity across both locations and years and maintained greater marketable yields. Proper selection of commercially available cultivars could help growers maintain yields in areas with high A. brassicicola pressure.

Response of Yield of Shallot (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Allium ascalonium&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) to Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Spacing Under Irrigation at Mulo, Ethiopia

The shallot (&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Allium ascalonium&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; L.) is one of the important alliaceous crops cultivated in many tropical countries. It is an important horticultural crop used to flavor the local stew &amp;quot;wot&amp;quot; and a source of income for farmers in Ethiopia. However, the productivity of shallot is low at study area due to various limiting factors such as low soil fertility, plant population and lack of improved agronomic practices. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of intra-row spacing and nitrogen fertilizer levels on growth, yield and quality of shallot at Mulo District, Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia during 2021/22 off season. The treatments consisted of four intra-row spacing (5, 10, 15 and 20) cm and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 50, 100 and 150) kgNha&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; tested in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on shallot yield was collected. The interaction effect of intra-row spacing and nitrogen fertilizer influenced the marketable yield, unmarketable yield, bulb weight, bulb fresh weight, bulb dry weight, dry matter and total yield. As a result, the treatment combination of 150kgha&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; nitrogen and 15cm intra-row spacing yielded the highest net benefit of shallot (Eth-Birr 1,012,274), followed by the treatment combination of 150kgha&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; nitrogen and 20 cm intra-row spacing. In conclusion, the above findings indicated that the combined application of 150kgNha&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; with 15 cm spacing can improve shallot growth and productivity in the Mulo district area. However, more research needs to be done in different seasons and locations, taking into account the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer and different intra-row spacing, to generate more reliable information.

Leveraging genomic prediction to surpass current yield gains in spring barley

Key messageGenetic gain in Nordic spring barley varieties was estimated to 1.07% per year. Additionally, genomic predictive ability for yield was 0.61 in a population of breeding lines.Barley is one of the most important crops in Europe and meeting the growing demand for food and feed requires continuous increase in yield. Genomic prediction (GP) has the potential to be a cost-efficient tool in breeding for complex traits; however, the rate of yield improvement in current barley varieties is unknown. This study therefore investigated historical and current genetic gains in spring barley and how accounting for row-type population stratification in a breeding population influences GP results. The genetic gain in yield was estimated using historical data from field trials from 2014 to 2022, with 22–60 market varieties grown yearly. The genetic gain was estimated to 1.07% per year for all varieties, serving as a reference point for future breeding progress. To analyse the potential of using GP in spring barley a population of 375 breeding lines of two-row and six-row barley were tested in multi-environment trials in 2019–2022. The genetic diversity of the row-types was examined and used as a factor in the predictions, and the potential to predict untested locations using yield data from other locations was explored. This resulted in an overall predictive ability of 0.61 for yield (kg/ha), with 0.57 and 0.19 for the separate two-row and the six-row breeding lines, respectively. Together this displays the potential of implementing GP in breeding programs and the genetic gain in spring barley market varieties developed through GP will help in quantifying the benefit of GP over conventional breeding in the future.

Microbial approach towards anode biofilm engineering enhances extracellular electron transfer for bioenergy production

Applying microbial electrolysis cells (MEC) is a biological approach to enhance the growth of high amounts of electroactive biofilm for extracellular electron transfer. The electroactive biofilm degrades the organics by oxidizing them at the anode and producing electrical energy. Addition of waste-activated sludge (WAS) with fat grease oil (FOG) produces an optimal reactor environment for microbial growth to enhance the exchange of electrons between cells via microbial electrolysis. The present work aimed to investigate the microbial approach to increase the extracellular electron transfer (EET) in microbial electrolysis cells. Results revealed that metabolites in electroactive microbes (EAM) grow viable cells that initiate high EET at anode sites. At optimum WAS with FOG addition, volatile fatty acid and current generation yield production was 2.94 ± 0.19 g/L and 17.91 ± 7.23 mA, accompanied by COD removal efficiency of 89.5 ± 14.4%, respectively. This study introduces a novel approach to anode biofilm engineering that significantly enhances extracellular electron transfer, offering a fresh perspective on bioenergy production. Our approach, which demonstrates that anodic biofilm enhances intercellular electron transfer, increases NADH-NAD ratio, and increases metabolite yield-fluxes, has the potential to revolutionize bio-electricity production. Results indicated that the electrolysis highlights MEC performance in power generation of 788 mV with 200 mL of anode volume of active viable cells by utilizing WAS with 11% FOG. The achievements of this study provide critical parameters for the anode biofilm engineering, demonstrating how growth cell volume, intercellular electron transfer, and increases in NADH-NAD ratio are evidence of an increase in the EET, compelling evidence for the resilience treatment and efficient current production. These findings are significant in advancing our understanding of bioenergy production.

Beneficial soil fungi enhance tomato crop productivity and resistance to the leaf-mining pest Tuta absoluta in agronomic conditions

Research has shown that soil-borne beneficial microorganisms can enhance plant growth, productivity, and resistance against pests and pathogens and could thus serve as a sustainable alternative to agrochemicals. To date, however, the effect of soil-beneficial microbes under commercial crop production has been little assessed. We here investigated the effect of root inoculation with nine well-characterized bacterial and fungal strains and two consortia on tomato performance under intensive tomato crop management practices. We measured the impact of these root inoculations on plant growth, fruit quality, yield, and pest and pathogen incidence. While most microbial strains showed weak effects, we found that the fungal strains Trichoderma afroharzianum T22 and Funneliformis mosseae significantly increased marketable tomato yield. Moreover, we found that inoculation with most of the fungal strains led to a significant reduction in the incidence of the devastating leaf-mining pest Tuta absoluta, while this effect was not observed for bacterial inoculants. In addition, we found that microbial inoculations did not impact the incidence of introduced natural pest enemies, supporting their compatibility with well-established integrated pest management strategies in horticulture. In summary, the observed general positive effects of soil microbes on tomato yield and resistance reinforce the move toward broader adoption of microbial inoculants in future crop production, ultimately improving agricultural sustainability.

Evaluation of Red &amp; Purple Skinned Advance Clones Suitable for Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

An experiment was conducted at ICAR Central Potato Research Institute, Regional Station, Patna, Bihar during the year 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 to evaluate 04 red skinned and 02 purple skinned Potato advance clones with 05 controls as popular potato varieties in confirmatory yield trials. The performance of advance clones was evaluated with respect to their yield and yield attributing traits, dry matter, nutritional status of the tubers. The experiment was planted in Randomized Block design with 03 replications, plant to plant distance was 20 cm and row to row distance 60 cm. The experiment was planted in two sets i.e. 75 days &amp; 90 days duration crop. The potato clones PS/16-02 &amp; PS/16-17 were selected on the basis of their remarkable high marketable tuber yield (26.29 and 22.45 t/ha in 75 days duration and 30.16 t/ha &amp; 25.81 t/ha at 90 days duration crop respectively). The nutritional status of the tubers were high, tuber shape ovoid to round, colour purple (PS/16-02) &amp; red (PS/16-17), shallow eyes and good organoleptic qualities after boiling and frying. The dry matter content of these selected advance clones were 20.17 &amp; 20.42 respectively. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the performance of advance clones for the above-mentioned traits and to select suitable advance clones for introduction in All India Coordinated Research Project on Potato.

Potassium Fertilizer Application Rates for Fertigated Edamame Grown on Low-K Soils

Edamame, a legume consumed fresh as a vegetable, is highly nutritious, particularly protein-rich, and holds significant economic value. However, its cultivation faces challenges, especially on dry land, due to water scarcity and limited nutrient availability, particularly potassium (K). This study, which investigated the impact of potassium fertilization rate on edamame cultivation, underscores the need for further research. The study utilized a single factor, potassium fertilization rate, arranged in a completely randomized block design. Potassium rates consist of 0% X, 50% X, 100% X, 150% X, and 200% X, where X represents the recommended potassium fertilization rate according to the dry soil test device (DSTD) guidelines. Each treatment was replicated five times. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at a 5% significance level, and any significant effects were further examined using orthogonal polynomial and regression analysis. The results indicated that potassium fertilizer rates did not significantly affect edamame height, pod weight per plot, and marketable yield. However, the study identified the optimal potassium fertilizer rate, which was between 83%X and 119%X, equivalent to 83–119 kg.ha⁻¹ of KCl (50–72 kg.ha⁻¹ of K₂O). This range positively increased total branch yield, productive branches, number of flowers, pod weight per plant, number of pods per plant, and plant dry weight, producing a quadratic response pattern. The study recommends further research to optimize potassium fertilizer doses based on DSTD recommendations, particularly at a low K nutrient status, to maximize marketable yields through fertigation.

Evaluation of Newly Released Open Pollinated Tomato Varieties for Yield and Yield Components Performance in Northwestern Zone of Tigray

Tomato is one of the most important horticultural cash crops in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. However, tomato production and productivity is limited by several factors such as disease and pests, lack of improved varieties and poor agronomic practice. Therefore, field experiment was conducted in 2017 and 2018 irrigation season to select and identify the best and high yielder tomato varieties. Seven improved Open Pollinated Variety namely; Gelilama, Mersa, Sirinka-I, Woyno, Tekeze-1, Melkashola and Melkasalsa were tested for their yield and yield performance. Significant differences were observed among the varieties across locations. The current findings showed that the highest marketable yield was obtained from Gelilama (55.58 t ha-1) &amp; (49.59 t ha-1) followed by Melkasalsa (49.42 &amp; 45.81 t ha-1) in Tselemti and M/zana woreda’s respectively. Based on the current study Gelilama and Melkasalsa varieties had given higher yield in both locations. Therefore, Gelilama and Melkasalsa varieties should be recommended for demonstration and scale-up in the study areas.

Studies on Genetic Divergence in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Background: The genetic divergence in faba bean genotypes is critical for breeding programs aiming to improve yield and other agronomic traits. Understanding the extent of genetic variability among different genotypes can guide the selection of superior varieties and enhance crop improvement efforts. This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity among 47 faba bean genotypes grown under the specific agro-climatic conditions of Chhattisgarh. Methods: The experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2022-23 at the Hi-Tech-Nursery, Dau Kalyan Singh College of Agriculture and Research Station, Bhatapara, under Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Chhattisgarh. A total of 47 faba bean genotypes were evaluated for genetic divergence using Mahalanobis D2 statistics and Tocher’s method. Ten quantitative characters, including marketable pod yield per plant and marketable pod weight appearance, were measured and analyzed. The genotypes were grouped into clusters based on their genetic distances. Result: The clustering pattern indicated that genetic diversity was independent of geographical diversity. Cluster II contained the highest number of genotypes (19), followed by Cluster I (13), while Cluster IV had the least (1). Among the ten quantitative characters studied, marketable pod yield per plant contributed most to genetic divergence, followed by marketable pod weight appearance. The maximum intra-cluster D2 value was observed in Cluster IV (477.35), followed by Cluster III (250.07). The highest inter-cluster D2 value was between Cluster I and Cluster IV (7917.34), followed by Cluster IV and Cluster V (6156.43).

Hormopriming and duration of priming interaction on germination, emergence and subsequent growth productivity performance in pechay

This study investigated the potential of Ficus nota water (FNW) as a natural soaking agent to enhance seed germination, emergence, and subsequent growth performance in Pechay (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis). Utilizing varying FNW concentrations (0%, 50%, and 100%) and seed soaking durations (2, 4, 6 hours), the research aimed to identify optimal treatment combinations for maximizing pre-transplant vigor and post-transplant productivity of Pechy. The results revealed a significant interaction between FNW concentration and soaking time, accelerating germination onset and promoting germination percentage. Notably, the 50% FNW treatment coupled with the 4-hour soaking duration expedited germination by 60% compared to the untreated control. This optimal priming combination also positively influenced seedling height, root proliferation, and biomass accumulation during the pre-transplant nursery stage. Post-transplantation, FNW-primed seedlings exhibited taller stems and broader leaves compared to non-primed controls. However, despite enhancing vegetative growth, priming did not translate into increased biomass yields, suggesting potential trade-offs in resource allocation patterns. The findings highlight the efficacy of FNW in expediting germination and enhancing nursery vigor, while underscoring the need for further investigations into the mechanisms governing the translation of early growth promotion into marketable yields under field conditions. This research contributes valuable insights into the application of natural plant extracts for optimizing seed priming protocols and potentially improving crop productivity.

Growth, Yield and Quality Attributes of Determinate Tomato Genotypes in Parwanipur, Bara of Nepal

With the aim of identifying suitable open pollinated determinate tomato genotypes, investigation was carried out at Directorate of Agricultural Research (DoAR), Parwanipur in two consecutive winter seasons of 2020/21 and 2021/22. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 16 treatments and replicated thrice. Crop geometry was maintained 75×60 cm and fertilizers and manure was applied at the rate of 200:150:120 kg N: P2O5:K2O kg + 20 tons FYM per hectare. Analysis of results showed significant variation in yield and yield attributing characters among genotypes. The maximum plant height (75.67 cm) was recorded on genotypes AVTO 0301.The genotypes AVTO 1716 and AVTO 0301 showed significantly earlier to 50% flowering (45 days) while AVTO 1711 recorded shortest days to first harvest (81 days). The highest plant vigour (5 scales) showed by AVTO 1712, AVTO 0302 and Pusa Ruby check variety. The maximum fruit diameter (7.52 cm), length (6.54 cm) and fruit weight (49.9 g) recorded on genotype AVTO 1711. The highest number of fruits/ plant (56.7) and marketable yield (58.08 t ha-1) was recorded in AVTO 1610 and AVTO 1711 respectively. The genotype AVTO 1712 showed the highest firmness (1.92 kg cm-2) and Vitamin C (59.36 mg/ 100 g). The maximum pericarp thickness of fruits (7.43 mm) obtained on AVTO 1610. The genotype Pusa Ruby showed the maximum total soluble solid (5.6 Obrix) and Titratable acid 0.75 %. Similarly, the highest colorimetric value of a* (12.62) was recorded on Pusa Ruby and the highest value of b* (19.37) was found on AVTO 1713 while the highest value of L* (30.56) was observed on AVTO 171. Considering the overall performance, genotypes AVTO 1711, AVTO 1702 and AVTO 1712 were performed better in terms of the highest yield and other horticultural traits.

Evaluation of Red Skinned Advance Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Clones for Tuber Yield and Yield Parameters in Eastern Indo-gangetic Plains of India

Potato is a very important tuber crop used as staple vegetable in almost every household. India ranks second in potato production after China. The production of potato increased significantly during last six decades. There is remarkable increase in potato yield and production during last decade 1.10 and 5.98% per annum respectively at national level (Rani &amp; Prasoon, 2013). The important yield and yield attributing traits are plant emergence (%), number of tubers/plots, tuber yield/plot and tuber dry matter (%). The present experiment was conducted at experimental field of ICAR- Central Potato Research Institute Regional Station Patna, Bihar. In this experiment data were recorded for plant emergence (%), seed wt (t/ha), foliage senescence (%), total and marketable tuber yield (t/ha), dry matter content in percentage (tuber), late blight (%), leaf spot disease (%) during 75- and 90-days crop. The trial was conducted in randomized block design with three replications to evaluate nine advance clones namely MS/11-664, MS/13-527, MS/14-1381, MSP/16-307, MSP/16-375, PS/11-47, PS/13-45, CP-4409 and Memphis along with seven potato varieties Kufri Khyati, Kufri Lalima, Kufri Lalit, Kufri Manik, Kufri Mohan, Kufri Pukhraj and K Neelkanth as controls during 2020-21 &amp; 2021-22. The advance clones PS/13-45 (36.97t/ha), PS/11-47 (35.87t/ha), MS/11-664 (35.39t/ha) were good candidates for future new potato varieties in Eastern Indo Gangetic plains of India.

Effects of In-Row Spacing on Yield, Tuber Size Profiles, Bruise Damage, and Crop Values for Cultivars Alturas, Clearwater Russet and Ranger Russet in the Columbia Basin

AbstractVariety selection and cultural management practices are the most common considerations for improved profitability in potato production systems. Planting density investigations have led to both within and between-row spacing recommendations to maximize profitability for commonly grown potato cultivars. Planting density can significantly alter tuber set, tuber size distribution, yield and profitability depending on end-use of the crop. However, rarely have such investigations included an assessment of the residual effects of changes in tuber size distribution on tuber bruising (blackspot and shatter bruise) and associated financial returns. The physics of impact injury suggests that larger tubers are more prone to tuber bruising than smaller tubers when dropped from a similar height. In this study we varied the in-row spacing of seed to investigate the extent to which the associated changes in tuber size distribution affect tuber bruising and crop values. The results demonstrated that: (1) the extent of tuber bruising was directly correlated with total marketable yield as altered by in-row spacing; (2) marketable yields decreased as in-row spacing increased; (3) while the absolute yield (MT ha−1) of bruised tubers increased with closer in-row spacing, the spacing-induced shifts in tuber size distribution had no effect on the percentage of bruised tubers as a proportion of total yield; (4) larger tubers were more prone to bruising; and (5) closer in-row spacing significantly improved financial returns for both processing and seed contracts despite the increase in bruise yield.

A comparative study of yield components and their trade-off in oilseed crops (Brassica napus L. and Brassica carinata A. Braun)

Canola (Brassica napus L.) and carinata (Brassica carinata A. Braun) are two oilseed crops that have seen a surge in demand in recent years. However, current yields achieved by farmers are inconsistent and significantly lower than those achieved in research experiments. Therefore, a better understanding of the trade-off between yield components is crucial to help breeders develop new high-yielding cultivars and for farmers to manage their crops more effectively. Unfortunately, scientific literature focused on trade-offs between yield components in rapeseed is scarce for canola and lacking for carinata. To address this issue, we conducted field experiments in Uruguay over three consecutive seasons (2016–2018) using the cultivars “Rivette” and “Avanza 641” for canola and carinata, respectively. Our goal was to study yield compensation and determine the comparative performance of canola and carinata across a wide range of sowing dates. Our results showed that carinata yields ranged from 854 kg ha−1 to 7283 kg ha−1, while canola yields ranged from 1152 kg ha−1 to 4489 kg ha−1. Higher biomass production was linked to increased yields in carinata, while an increase in biomass did not necessarily result in higher yields in canola due to a harvest index reduction. Carinata yield was positively correlated with grain number, silique number, and grains per silique. In canola, moderate to large yield changes were primarily influenced by grain number and grain weight, as silique number had a negative trade-off with yield, while grains per silique had a neutral relationship with yield. Our study revealed a distinct yield building process in canola and carinata, despite the general belief that they share physiological similarities and can be managed alike. These findings enhance our understanding of crop knowledge and management, potentially leading to increased crop productivity, and generate more effective breeding programs. Enhancing the yield performance of canola and carinata will position them as economically profitable crops, allowing for greater crop diversification and meeting the growing global demand for biofuels.