Current Status Of Vitamin Research Articles

Trends of serum 25(OH) vitamin D and association with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: from NHANES survey cycles 2001-2018.

The focus of this survey is on survey data for adults aged 20 and above, covering nine survey cycles from 2001 to 2018. Additionally, the present study explored the correlation between vitamin D concentrations and both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the trend of changes in the serum 25(OH)D concentration changes in US adults during the survey period, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and the current status of vitamin D dietary intake and supplementation. In-home health interviews were performed using meticulously designed questionnaires that gathered information on demographic details, socioeconomic conditions, dietary patterns, and overall health status. Health assessments were conducted in specially designed mobile centers. Survey data from 2001 to 2018 revealed a rise in serum 25(OH)D levels, from a weighted mean (95% CI) of 65.6 (63.8-67.4) nmol/L during 2001-2002 to 73.5 (70.4-76.5) nmol/L during 2017-2018, among US adults, while overall vitamin D deficiency rates remained stable (p = 0.152). Notably, in adults aged 20-39, 25(OH)D levels decreased (p = 0.002 for trend), and 25(OH)D deficiency increased (p = 0.003 for trend), especially among those with low incomes (deficiency >30%). Upon multivariable adjustment, an L-shaped relationship was found between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and both CVD and all-cause mortality (p < 0.001 for nonlinearity), as corroborated by sensitivity analyses. From 2001 to 2018, US adults experienced a significant increase in their serum 25(OH) D concentration. However, subgroups of individuals, including young adults and individuals with lower socioeconomic status, exhibited a heightened risk of 25(OH)D deficiency. Furthermore, an L-shaped relationship was found between 25(OH)D concentration and both all-cause and CVD mortality among US adults.

Potential role of hypovitaminosis D and vitamin D supplementation during COVID-19 pandemic.

SummaryVitamin D deficiency is a pandemic disorder affecting over 1 billion of subjects worldwide and displaying a broad spectrum of implications on cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders. Since the initial reports of the association between hypovitaminosis D and COVID-19, Vitamin D has been pointed as a potentially interesting treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We provide an overview on the current status of vitamin D deficiency, the mechanisms of action of vitamin D and the current literature on the topic, with a special focus on the potential implications for COVID-19 pandemic.

Socio-demographic determinants of vitamin A supplementation in Bangladesh: evidence from two rounds of Bangladesh demographic and health surveys, 2007 and 2011

Background: Vitamin A supplementation reduces night blindness, child morbidity and mortality. In Bangladesh, Vitamin A deficiency among children 6-59 months has remained just about stagnant at 20.5 per cent as per the latest Bangladesh National Micronutrient Status Survey 2011-12 declining by a meagre 1.2 per cent from 21.7 per cent in 1997 (IPHN/HKI, 1997). Alarmingly, there is an absolute decline of 24 percentage points in VAS supplementation from 2007 to 2011 according to the Bangladesh Demographic &amp; Health Surveys (BDHS). The current status of vitamin A supplementation raises concern because the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW)’s Health, Population and Nutrition Sector Development Program (HPNSDP) 2011-2016 target of 90 per cent needs to be achieved by 2016.Methods: This paper tries to explore the socio-demographic causes of receipt of Vitamin A in Bangladesh by analysing the data of the demographic and health surveys for 2007 and 2011 using SAS software. A log binomial regression was conducted to explore the effect of education and exposure to mass media on receipt of vitamin A supplementation.Results: After adjusting for related socio-economic and demographic factors, parent’s education and among mass media channels, television seems to play an important role in predicting receipt of Vitamin A, (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 1.0973, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.0499-1.1469) in BDHS 2011. Similarly, also those who watched television were more likely to have received vitamin A (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 1.0542, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.0304-1.0784).Conclusions: It can be concluded that mass media seems to be working well in making the mothers aware about the vitamin A campaign, especially, the exposure to television. Though mother’s education was not associated in the 2007 survey, but it was significantly associated with the receipt of vitamin A in the 2011 survey.

Current Status of Vitamin D Assays: are They Reliable and Sufficiently Informative for Clinical Studies?

Current Status of Vitamin D Assays: are They Reliable and Sufficiently Informative for Clinical Studies?

Current Status of Vitamin D Signaling and Its Therapeutic Applications

Vitamin D and in particular its biologically most active metabolite, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1α,25(OH)₂D₃), are central endocrine molecules that influence many aspects of human physiology, which are not only the well-known calcium and phosphorus up-take and transport controlling bone formation, but also the control of immune functions and of cellular growth and differentiation. Basically all actions of 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ are mediated by the transcription factor vitamin D receptor (VDR). The crystal structure of the VDR and detailed knowledge on its molecular interactions with the ligand provide significant insight into the mechanisms of vitamin D signaling. This applies also on the action of the huge number of synthetic 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ analogues, which have been developed with the goal of a therapeutic application in hyper-proliferative diseases, such as psoriasis, benign prostate hyperplasia and different types of cancer, in immune functions, such as autoimmune diseases and microbial infections, or in bone disorders, such as osteoporosis. Moreover, detailed investigations on many VDR target genes and in particular the recently available genome-wide view on vitamin D signaling allows a more complete view on the potential of the nuclear hormone. In this review we discuss the latest insight into vitamin D signaling in context with the most prominent 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ analogues.

Current Status of Vitamin E Nutriture

Vitamin E intake status requires reassessment because the recommended levels have been increased and take into account only the alpha-tocopherol form of vitamin E. A database of alpha-tocopherol values for more than 7,000 foods was developed and applied to dietary data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. Usual intake distributions were determined and evaluated for adequacy. Ninety percent or more of the adults studied had their usual intakes below the current Estimated Average Requirement. Several observations-the prevalence of inadequate intakes of vitamin E, absence of signs of deficiency in the U.S. population, and increasing evidence that vitamin E helps reduce chronic disease risk-point to a need for further research.

Current status of vitamin C and future horizons.

Following a brief review of the history of research in Vitamin-C. its importance to all living things it use in industrial processes and new findings on the relationships between Vitamin-C and health are summarized. Its complex relationship to the enzymes and drugs of major importance in liver functions it nutritional relationships to tumor growth and its role in growth and health are all current research topics. Work at Columbia University has shown that excessively high intake of Vitamin-C by pregnant guinea pigs results in impaired health of offspring and an excessive rate of metabolism of the vitamin. Excessive doeses also seem to affect metabolism of other vitamins. It is suggested that the recommended daily intakes are too low and should be raised to 40-45 mg/day for growing children 70-75 mg/day for adults and 100 mg/day for lactating women. Effects of excessively high intakes need to be studied. The needs for normal reproduction lactation early growth and longevity are far below the 1-20 gm/day used to treat the common cold.