Model Of Current Sensor Research Articles

Efficiency of Monitoring Household Electricity With ZMCT103C

An electric load monitoring system is a tool designed to monitor and measure electricity usage. The process of monitoring the electrical load uses a current sensor model ZMCT103C which is connected to the electrical load. The microcontroller used is an Arduino Uno microcontroller which functions as the main control system which will be connected to a 16x2 LCD monitor with the aim that in the future it can be monitored in real time and can be read directly on the LCD. By carrying out experiments on assembling the ZMCT103C sensor module with Arduino Uno which produces a monitoring feature for current measurement readings. The result of this research is a household electricity measurement monitoring system through a prototype made using the ZMCT103C sensor model with an Arduino Uno which is equipped with a 16x2 LCD monitor to make it easier to monitor the electrical energy load from household electronic devices in the form of current readings. The magnitude of the current measurement obtained from the reading of the ZMCT103C model current sensor will be compared to the ampere meter measuring instrument. By conducting this research, we can obtain data on the percentage of error obtained from the application of the ZMCT103C sensor, so that later from the results of this experiment the ZMCT103C sensor will be able to properly and correctly monitor electricity usage for household loads.

Neural network parametric identification of an eddy current sensor model using a reservoir computing system

The development of modern automated systems for monitoring, control and management of technological processes is associated with the improvement of methods for identifying and studying the primary means of collecting and processing information. An algorithm for neural network parametric identification using reservoir calculations is proposed. An algorithm for parametric identification orient to conducting a computational experiment on a given nonlinear model, forming training samples based on the results of the experiment, training dynamic and static neural networks and calculating estimates of parameters of a nonlinear model using trained networks according to experimental data. Keywords eddy current sensor, identification, dynamic model, equivalent circuit, static neural network, dynamic neural network, reservoir computing, mathematical model

TMR array with circular skeleton coil for high-current measurement

DC high current measurement is one of the important supporting technologies of the power system. As an emerging current sensing technology, tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) has attracted more and more attention due to its advantages of high sensitivity and good linearity. But the TMR sensor is not suitable for high current measurement, and its accuracy can be further improved. Aiming at these problems, this paper proposes a TMR array with a circular skeleton coil for high current measurement. Eight TMR chips are evenly installed on the circular skeleton coil to measure the magnetic field generated by the primary current carrying conductor, and the output of the feedback amplifier generates a compensation current to the feedback winding to generate a compensation magnetic field, so that the magnetic flux in the sensor is almost zero. The circular structure can reduce measurement errors caused by wire offset and external interference. Since there is no iron core, the nonlinear errors are also avoided. Simultaneously, the feedback loop designed based on zero magnetic flux principle can reduce the hysteresis error and expand the measurement range, making the sensor suitable for DC high current measurement. This paper proposes a new TMR array current sensor model, builds a prototype and compares it with a closed-loop TMR current sensor with an iron core. Experimental results proved that the TMR array sensor’s DC measurement error could be lower than 0.01%, compared to 0.32% of the closed-loop current sensor. Moreover, the proposed current sensor consistently has higher measurement accuracy in the full range of primary current.

Analisis Sensor Arus Invasive ACS712 dan Sensor Arus Non Invasive SCT013 Berbasis Arduino

The electric load measurement system is a device designed to measure and monitor electricity consumption. In this research, the comparison process of reading the electric current uses the Non-Invasive current sensor model SCT013 and the Invasive current sensor model ACS712 which is connected to the load of electricity consumption. The microcontroller used is the Arduino Microcontroller which functions as the main control system that will be connected to the computer. With the aim later to be able to determine which current sensor is suitable and accurate in reading the electric current. By conducting experiments on the variables of two current sensors, in order to obtain the results of the comparison of the measurement and monitoring of the non-invasive current sensor model SCT013 with the Invasive current sensor model ACS712. Researchers hope to get how much the error percentage value or error of two non-invasive current sensors model SCT013 with Invasive current sensor model ACS712, so that later we can find the right sensor to get the right data for measuring tools, and can be used to monitor energy consumption. electricity that we use

Design of Polarimetric-Based Optical Current Sensor for Electric Power System Application

Many problems arise in the electric power protection system due to applying a ferrous core current transformer (CT). One of the most crucial problems is a magnetic saturation issue, which tends to cause a measurement error on the secondary side of the CT and could reduce the performance of the protection system. An alternative solution to this issue is the needs to develop an electric current sensor utilizing optical materials. A polarimetric-based optical current sensor (OCS) is a technique considered to be compatible with the future smart grid environment. The OCS principles are based on the magneto-optic Faraday effect that could produce optical rotation in the optical media when a polarized light propagates in those materials. Due to the linear and circular birefringences effect in optical fiber medium are exist, therefore, in this paper the OCS and its associated elements are modelled by considering the birefringence effect in the optical sensor system including optical fiber links. Then, the OCS model is translated to a computer simulation program using a computer application software. Orientation of the second polarizer (analyzer) to the first polarizer in the simulation were conducted using two different angles which are angle α of 45° and 90°. Performance assessment of the OCS model is presented using two various electric current of the power system test to investigate the presence or absence of the saturation effect that may arise in the polarimetric-based optical current sensor model. The simulation results have provided that the saturation effect disappear in the simulation and the analyzer orientation angle α of 45° gives better performances of optical power modulation than the other angle.

PCB-Based Current Sensor Design for Sensing Switch Current of a Nonmodular GaN Power Semiconductor

GaN-based power semiconductors exhibit small on-resistance and high dv/dt of the switch characteristics, thereby enabling the construction of high-efficiency, high-density semiconductor systems with fast switching and low power loss characteristics and miniaturization of passive devices. However, owing to the characteristics of GaN devices that result in them being significantly faster than other devices, the accuracy of the switching transient response significantly affects the noise or inductance in the device. Therefore, securing sufficient sensor bandwidth is considerably important for accurate current measurement in GaN-based devices. Conversely, the current sensor in the form of a non-insulated coil must secure sufficient bandwidth and overcome the tradeoff relationship with measurement sensitivity; moreover, the sensor configuration must be applicable to various power semiconductor types. This study proposes a current sensor model that applies the principle of the printed circuit board Rogowski coil to a surface mount device-type GaN-based half-bridge structure. This structure is applicable to a nonmodular power converter and is designed to secure sufficient bandwidth with a minimum area while simultaneously exhibiting high sensitivity. For the coil design, mutual inductances with existing coil structures were compared and analyzed, and the frequency response and magnetic analysis were evaluated. Experimental verification was performed and the transient response characteristics in various DC voltage ranges are discussed.

Recording active-seismic ground rotations using induction-coil magnetometers

Most of the current rotational sensing technology is not geared toward the recording of seismic rotations’ amplitudes and frequencies. There are few instruments that are designed for rotational seismology, and the technology for building them is currently being developed. There are no mass industrial producers of seismic rotation sensors as there are for geophones, and only one current sensor model can be deployed on the ocean bottom. We reviewed some current rotational-seismic acquisition technologies, and developed a new method of recording rotations using an existing, robust and field-deployable technology that had seen extensive use in large exploration surveys: induction-coil magnetometers. We conducted an active seismic experiment, in which we found that magnetometers could be used to record seismic rotations. We converted the magnetometer data to rotation-rate data, and validated them by comparing the waveforms and amplitudes with rotation rates recorded by electrokinetic rotation sensors.

Hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Kalman Filter Approach to Estimate the Clamping Force of Electro-Mechanical Brake

In thispaper, a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) and Kalman filter approach to combining motor encoder and current sensor models is presented to accurate estimate the clamping force of an electro-mechanical brake (EMB). Elimination of the clamping force sensor and measurement cables results in lower cost and increased reliability of an EMB system, including its electric motor.A Kalman filter is a special kind of observer that provides optimal filtering of the measurement noise and inside the system if the covariances of these noises are known. The proposed combined estimator is based on Kalman filter optimized by GA in which the motor encoder is used in a dynamic stiffness model and the motor current sensor is used to give measurement updates in a torque balance model. A real-coded GA is used to optimize the noise matrices and improve the performance of the Kalman filter. Experimental results show that, by using the proposed estimator, the virtual clamping force sensor can handle highly dynamic situations, making it suitable for possible use in sensorless fault-tolerant control. It is shown that the proposed combined estimator improves the root mean square error (RMSE) performance. The developed estimator can be used in real vehicle environments because it can adapt to parameter variations.

Simulation Model of Hall Current Sensor Based on Simscape Environment

Focus on the problems of current sensor model based on MATLAB/Simulink/Simscape, such as the internal structure of the model is simple and not reflect the principle and structure itself, the measurement results is ideal and not reflect the influence of noises. Therefore, a model is designed, which can reflect the principle, internal mechanism and the measurement error of hall current sensor in the simscape modeling environment. The model reflects the closed-loop principle, includes the current noise and other interference factors, and the model has no load effect on the measuring circuit. Test results show that the model system can better reflect the actual phenomenon, and make a prominent contribution for the research of circuit.

Analysis and modeling of leakage current sensor under pulsating direct current

In this paper, the transformation characteristics of current sensor under pulsating DC leakage current is investigated. The mathematical model of current sensor is proposed to accurately describe the secondary side current and excitation current. The transformation process of current sensor is illustrated in details and the transformation error is analyzed from multi aspects. A simulation model is built and a sensor prototype is designed to conduct comparative evaluation, and both simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the correctness of theoretical analysis.

High-frequency modeling of current sensors [of IGBT VSI

Reflected-wave transient voltages that result from fast insulated gate bipolar transistor voltage-source inverters have received considerable investigation. Modeling, simulation and attenuation of these transients require sophisticated motor and cable models. Most drive suppliers now provide combinations of passive and active solutions to mitigate the adverse effects of overvoltage stress, however, the costs of the passive solutions often exceed the cost of the drive. Another aspect of low-risetime devices, not examined to the extent of the overvoltage problem, is the resulting current from traveling waves. Current sensor fidelity limits the ability of modern drives to detect peak current and can result in current feedback distortion. This paper presents recent research into the response, modeling and construction of Hall-effect current sensors. Models for Hall-effect current sensors are introduced and compared. Experimental and simulation results demonstrate the complexity of the common current sensors employed in modern adjustable-speed drives. A comparison of the sensor response and the model's prediction demonstrates the difficulty associated with accurate current detection. Finally, the paper presents design guidelines to reduce the corrupting influence of high-frequency differential and common-mode currents.