Current Refugee Crisis In Europe Research Articles

THE CURRENT MIGRANT AND REFUGEE CRISIS IN EUROPE: REFUGEE RECEPTION CENTERS IN SOUTH-EAST BULGARIA

In this paper, we analyzed the current refugee crisis in Europe by discussing its main characteristics within the European context. A comparison between the different routes in Western, Central, and Eastern Mediterranean, the Western Balkans, and in general in South-Eastern Europe was done. As the main research problem, we focused on Bulgaria as an entry gate for the arriving immigrants and we presented the most recent statistics related to the illegal entries in the country. Among our objectives was the analysis of the current problems at the reception centers in the South-Eastern part of Bulgaria. An important part of our methodology consisted of direct interviews performed with the local and immigrant population at the center of Harmanli. The key results of our analysis showed that despite the attempts on the part of the officials for successful integration of the immigrants, there were still important needs for improvement. In conclusion, we suggested that the use of good practices from other countries with experience in migration policies might contribute to better integration and improvement of the mutual respect between local and migrant populations.

The Influence of Gender in Refugee Camp Safety: A Case Study of Moria and Kara Tepe in Lesvos, Greece

This article focuses on the safety of women in the overcrowded and underfunded Moria refugee camp, on the island of Lesvos, Greece. The current refugee crisis in Europe has shown unprecedented numbers of forcibly displaced people, and many women and young girls are forced to flee alone or without male accompaniment. Despite their best efforts, camp managers struggle to improve female refugees' safety in the Moria camp due to lack of adequate resources. Female refugees fear violence and sexual assault there and have virtually no mechanisms through which to report assault or receive assistance. Another camp on Lesvos, Kara Tepe, has a safer environment for women and young girls. A comparative analysis of the two camps alongside relevant scholarship suggests that women's safety in refugee camps can be improved through involvement from local grassroots organizations and refugee women in decision-making processes regarding programming focused on reducing sexual and gender-based violence.

Child Refugees in Europe

This paper provides an overview of the literature on the current refugee crisis in Europe, which primarily focuses on the situation of refugees that are children. Due to its magnitude, the world is currently facing one of the biggest humanitarian crises it has ever witnessed. Millions of people and young children have fled their home countries and became refugees The horror of wars and conflicts has affected all of the refugees while undoubtedly, it has had a more profound and significant impact on the children refugees. The rights of these refugee children are paramount, and one of these rights is that they are provided with safety and resources that will help them cope with the crisis while also ensuring they are provided a chance to a brighter future. The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. The European Union and the whole world have a direct responsibility to provide basic necessities such as food, shelter, education, health which can help and alleviate the mental and emotional suffering which the refugee children face. My research will focus on three important aspects of the child refugees crisis in Europe The general conditions of the children refugees, the conditions of camps especially in Italy, Greece, and Spain, and how the crisis has affected their daily lives and mental health. In the end, my conclusion will focus on the question of, what are the policies which Europe has to change which are designed to help and lead the refugee children which to a better futureThe aim of this paper to have a better understanding of children refugees in Europe and to raise global awareness about their conditions and the humanitarian crisis at hand. My research will consist of information from academic articles, published books, various websites, data from previous studies, and resources.

Untersuchungen zum deutschen Asylgesetz aus der funktionalen Satzperspektive

Abstract Under the background of the current refugee crisis in Europe, Germany is undoubtedly playing an increasingly decisive role, which is why the substantive changes to German Asylum Act have attracted attention worldwide. In order to contribute to a better understanding of the information delivery and communication of the Asylum Act, this article analyzes the relevant paragraphs of this Act from a functional sentence perspective (FSP). By scrutinizing the influencing factors of the communicative dynamics (CD) of the Asylum Act, this article examines and clarifies how FSP participates in the communication of the Act. Besides tracking and assessing the related approach, varied types of results that can be achieved by functional analysis are particularly presented. This article hopes to produce some new insights into the FSP theory and shed light on future research directions for the applications of FSP.

What and How Can Psychoanalysis Contribute in Support of Refugees? Concepts, clinical experiences and applications in the project STEP‐BY‐STEP, a pilot project supporting refugees in the initial reception center “Michaelisdorf” (Michaelis‐village) in Darmstadt, Germany

AbstractThe topic of migration, flight and trauma is as old as civilization, as its myths, fairytales, and its legends such as “The Odyssey” and well‐known literary figures like Oedipus and Medea (first section of the paper). However, the current refugee crisis in Europe has led to societal tensions and even splitting among large groups, such as in Germany where enormous empathy for the refugees' plight can be observed on the one hand, and hostilities, anxiety and xenophobic feelings and actions on the other hand. In the second section of the paper, the authors summarize some of the psychoanalytical concepts trying to understand some of the unconscious roots of xenophobia, antisemitism, fundamentalism and nationalism. Another psychoanalytical contribution in support of refugees comes from the body of psychoanalytic and interdisciplinary research on trauma and its transgenerational transmission (third section). Therewith psychoanalysis has produced a large conceptual, research and clinical knowledge base, which we may consider to be one of the contributions of psychoanalysis to current interdisciplinary and public discourse on refugees and immigrants. In the last section of this paper the authors summarize the pilot project STEP‐BY‐STEP which was carried out from January 2016 until April 2017 in a first reception center in Darmstadt. Concepts, applications and clinical experiences are presented for discussion. The pilot project has been quite successful and is serving as a model to be implemented during the next five years by four Psychosocial Centers for supporting refugees in Hesse. Given the large problems society faces in response to the “Refugee Crisis”, the authors consider their labors a mere drop in the endless ocean of pain, despair and sufferings of thousands of refugees who have escaped war, terror and poverty in their home countries and are hoping for a better life in Europe and elsewhere.

Reinventing the Nation: Germany’s Post-Unification Drive Towards Becoming a ‘Country of Immigration’

Germany’s leading role in responding to the current refugee crisis in Europe reflects a development of its approach towards migration and cultural diversity that would have been difficult to imagine 27 years ago. German unification was a decisive trigger for changing the country’s sense of nationhood and the popular narrative of what constitutes modes of legitimate belonging and inclusion. The hypothesis of this article is that over the two and a half decades Germany has shifted the coding of its national identity from an ethno-cultural framing to one that is primarily based on civic political principles. A comparison between framing strategies of the political elite in two periods (1990–95 and 2010–15) serves as an empirical indicator for the scope and nature of this transformation. The article identifies four factors to explain what has instigated this change and what is driving the long-term socio-political transformation of German society as a result of growing migration and cultural diversity: (a) the demographic change and transformation of civil society through migration; (b) the growing relevance of European communal belonging; (c) the dynamic of competitive party politics; and (d) the significance of the subnational level in addressing migration and diversity matters.

Keynesianism vs. Classical Economic Theory: European Refugee Crisis and the Fall of Multiculturalism

Posing arguments against statistical evidence picturing the European Union as the key world economy, the research views the economic model of the EU through the prism of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, explaining its lower resistance towards the global economic crisis and comparing it to China – a country with authoritarian governmental methods – that suffered to a significantly lesser extent. Based on the example of these two entities, the paper views the topic of the current refugee crisis in Europe representing it as a new crucial trial for the EU that potentially checks classical economic theory for consistency. According to the author, if found effective, in the foreseeable future it will form a sound basis for further development, if not – it will likely be replaced by the Keynesian paradigm. Thus, with the current refugee crisis in Europe, the author juxtaposes liberal economy with the state-regulated one. This is done to give hints at the importance of the crisis per se, as it is believed to be capable of shattering some of the fundamental principles of the current world order.

From Telepsychiatry to eMental Health–Experiences and Prospects in Europe

What started with telepsychiatry (videoconference) has been turned into e-Mental Health (eMH) due to rapid development of IT technology, decreased prices and increased user experiences. Access to mental health care is one of the identified problems within EU mental health services. Increased migration into and within EU cause the increased demands for clinicians with selected skills. Telepsychiatry is the oldest and most common eMH application. The first international telepsychiatry collaboration established between Sweden and Denmark back in 2006 was a success. This model might be used as collaboration prototype while speaking about current refugee crisis in Europe and treatment of mentally ill migrants. The experiences from this pioneer international transcultural telepsychiatry service in combination with various eMH applications may be used as an inspiration for conducting of larger international eMH service capable to provide mental health care toward diversity of patient populations underserved on their mother tongue within EU.eMH applications could improve quality of care and access to mental health care in rural, remote and under-served as well as in metropolitan areas all around EU.Disclosure of interestThe author declares that he has no competing interest.

Long-term effects of neighbourhood deprivation on diabetes risk: quasi-experimental evidence from a refugee dispersal policy in Sweden

Although studies have shown associations between neighbourhood quality and chronic disease outcomes, such associations are potentially confounded by the selection of different types of people into different neighbourhood environments. We sought to identify the causal effects of neighbourhood deprivation on type 2 diabetes risk, by comparing refugees in Sweden who were actively dispersed by government policy to low-deprivation, moderate-deprivation, or high-deprivation neighbourhoods. In this quasi-experimental study, we analysed national register data for refugees who arrived in Sweden aged 25-50 years, at a time when the government policy involved quasi-random dispersal of refugees to neighbourhoods with different levels of poverty and unemployment, schooling, and social welfare participation. Individuals in our sample were assigned to a neighbourhood categorised as high deprivation (≥1 SD above the mean), moderate deprivation (within 1 SD of the mean), or low deprivation (≥1 SD below the mean). The primary outcome was new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes between Jan 1, 2002, and Dec 31, 2010. We used multivariate logistic and linear regressions to assess the effects of neighbourhood deprivation on diabetes risk, controlling for potential confounders affecting neighbourhood assignment and assessing effects of cumulative exposure to different neighbourhood conditions. We included data for 61 386 refugees who arrived in Sweden during 1987-91 and who were assigned to one of 4833 neighbourhoods. Being assigned to an area deemed high deprivation versus low deprivation was associated with an increased risk of diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1·22, 95% CI 1·07-1·38; p=0·001). In analyses that included fixed effects for assigned municipality, the increased diabetes risk was estimated to be 0·85 percentage points (95% CI -0·030 to 1·728; p=0·058). Neighbourhood effects grew over time such that 5 years of additional exposure to high-deprivation versus low-deprivation neighbourhoods was associated with a 9% increase in diabetes risk. This study makes use of a pre-existing governmental natural experiment to show that neighbourhood deprivation increased the risk of diabetes in refugees in Sweden. This finding has heightened importance in the context of the current refugee crisis in Europe. US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, US National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Swedish Research Council.

ES kalbų politikos apribojimai migrantams: vietnamiečių bendruomenės Čekijos Respublikoje ir Taivano naujųjų imigrantų lyginamasis tyrimas

The aim of Council of Europe language education policies is to promote plurilingualism, linguistic diversity, mutual understanding, democratic citizenship and social cohesion. For migrant communities, the current approaches for linguistic integration are Linguistic Integration of Adult Migrants (LIAM) and Linguistic and Educational integration of children holding a migrant background. Nevertheless, due to the current refugee crisis in Europe, the realization of these strategies is quite limited and facing unexpected difficulties, which both are the core issues discussed in this paper. The Vietnamese arrived in Czech Republic in 1970s and 1980s as guest-workers. According to the 1985 census data from CZSO (Czech Statistical Office), there were 19,350 Vietnamese living in the Czech territory, but by 1994 the number decreased to approximately 8,000. Then, according to the census in 2014, due to the changes in both political and economic environment, the number of the Vietnamese in the Czech Republic increased from 18,210 to 52,612, spanning from 2001 to 2011. Nevertheless, this figure seems to greatly underestimate the real number of the Vietnamese living in the Czech Republic, mainly due to numerous undocumented immigrants of illegal migration. According to CZSO, the Vietnamese community constituted 12.5% of migrant population in the territory of the Czech Republic in 2014, serving as the third largest migrant community after Slovak and Ukraine communities. The Czech government conducts language policy programs for migrant integration, while the development has brought both positive and negative impact to the whole society, which will be further discussed in this paper and expanded into as an empirical study of the situation in the European context. The conclusion of this paper will enlist the problems and influence of Taiwan’s current new immigrant language education policy, serving as a reference for the current refugee crisis, along with specific focus on its linguistic integration in Europe. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/2335-2027.9.4

‘As deadly as armed conflict? Gang violence and forced displacement in the Northern Triangle of Central America’

The flurry of interest around the European refugee crisis, whilst plainly justified, should not have the effect of distracting international attention from equally pressing humanitarian and refugee crises in other parts of the world. As such, this article highlights the extreme nature and scale of gang violence in the Northern Triangle countries of Central America, which has resulted in substantial forced displacement of affected populations. The article argues that, despite certain commonalities with situations of internal armed conflict (such as Syria), the scenario in the Northern Triangle poses a distinct set of additional challenges for ensuring the protection of refugees and displaced persons from these countries. The urgent need to address these challenges in the Americas is no less than for those presented by the current refugee crisis in Europe.